LINUX COMMANDS

whoami command:
what :-
whoami command allows linux users to see the currently
logged -in user.
When :-
Running whoami command without any options,the
output shows the name of the currently logged-in user.
Where :-
Whoami command is used when user have more than two
account,then user wants to know which account is in active
Example:-
 Sudo whoami
raheem
Why :-
When you have more than one account,use whoami to
verify the username after switching to a different account.
How :-
Whoami command comes with two following options:
 --help -shows a help message and exits.
 --version -shows the version information and exits.
cmp command :-
What :-
cmp command in linux is used to compare the two files
byte by byte and helps you to find out whether the two files are
identical or not.
When :-
 To do comparison between two files.
 When cmp is used for comparison between two files,it
reports the location of the first mismatch to the screen
if different is found and if difference is found
Where :-
$cmp file1.txt file2.txt
If the files are not identical: the output of the above command
will be :
$cmp file1.txt file2.txt
file1.txt file2.txt differ : byte 9,line 2
why :-
when there is two identical files at this time we will use the
cmp command to compare those files byte by byte.
How :-
1. -b (print-bytes) : if you want cmp displays the different
bytes in the output when used with -b option.
2. -i : this option is very much similar to the above -i
option but with the different that now it allows us to
input the number of bytes we want to skip
rm command :-
what:-
rm command removes the entries for a specified file,group
of files ,or certain select files from a list within a directory.
When :-
rm command is used to remove the a files with the two
different names.by default ,it does not remove directories
where :-
when there is a file in directory with two different names
example:-
$ls
a.txt b.txt c.txt d.txt
$rm b.txt
a.txt c.txt d.txt
why :-
when there is a same file has two different then we can use
the rm to remove the existing file.
How :-
 -f (force deletion) : rm prompts for confirmation
removal if a file is write protected
 -r(recursive) : with -r or -R option rm command
performs a tree-walk and will delete all the files and
sub-directories recursively of the parent directory
 -version :it is used to knom th version of rm.
mount command :-
what:-
mount command is used to mount the filesystem found on
a device to big tree structure rooted at ‘/’.
When:-
There is need of mount the filesystem in devices then the
mount command is used.
Where:-
 It displays information about the file system mounted.
$ sudo mount -l -t ext4
/dev/sda3 on/ type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-
ro,data=ordered)
/dev/sda4 on/media/vivek type ext4
(rw,relatime,data=ordered)
/dev/sda5 on/media/ vivek type ext4
(rw,relatime,data=ordered)
Why :-
If the filesystem is needed to mount with the directory or
device the mount is used,
How:-
 l : list all the filesystem mounted yet.
 h : displays the options for command.
 a : mounts all devices described ar/etc/fstab
 t : type of filesystem devices used uses.
 r :read-only mode mounted.
touch command:-
what:-
touch command is the easiest way to create new,empty
files.
It is also used to change the timestamps on existing files and
directories.
When :-
When we change,create and modify timestamp of a file it
will be used.
Where :-
user@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ X touch file1 file2 file3
user@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ls
abc~ clientC.c~ file1 file2 file3 serverC
clientC.c~ q10.l~ server.c~
why :-
The touch command updates the access and modification
times of each file specified by the File parameter of each
directory specifies by the direction parameter.
How :-
 touch -m file1 : It can modify the last modification time
only.
 touch -a file1 : It can change the access time only.
 touch -d "2019-06-15 20:40" file1 : It will change the
date and time for both modify and access time.
watch command :-
what :-
Watch command in Linux will repeatedly run command for
you and its offer some very useful options.
When :-
If we are waiting for someone to log into or out of a
system,we could use the watch command to let you know when
they do.Every ten seconds ouyput would be displayed.
Where :-
watch -n 10 date, the watch command will first clear the
screen and run the date command right away.After that,it will
run the command every 10 seconds until you stop.
Why :-
The watch command allow you to rerun command in a loop
until we stop it or run into a condition that stops the looping for
you.
How :-
 -d: this option highlights the differences between
successive updates.
 -n: This option will specify updates interval.The command
will not be going to allow quicker than the 0.1-second
interval,in which the smaller values are getting converted.
 -p:This option make watch attempt to run command every
interval seconds.
mkdir command:-
what :-
Use the mkdir command to create one or more directories
specified by the Directory parameter.

When :-
To make a new directory Use the mkdir command also set
permissions,create multiple directories at once and much more.

Where:-
$mkdir name1
$ls
name1

why:-
Directories are used to help you organize your files.

How:-
 -p :no error if existing,make parent directories as
needed.
 -v:print a message for each created directory.
 --help:display this help and exit.
cat command :-
what :-
cat command allows us to create single or multiple files,
view content of a file, concatenate files and redirect output in
terminal or files.
When :-
Cat(concatenate) command is very frequently used in Linux.
It reads data from the file and gives their content as output. It
helps us to create, view, concatenate files.
Where :-
To create a file to store the content.
Why :-
It can be used to display the content of a file, copy content
from one file to another, concatenate the contents of multiple
files, display the line number, display $ at the end of the line.

How :-
 cat > [fileName] : To create a file.
 cat [oldfile] > [newfile] : To copy content from older
to new file.
 cat -n/cat -b [fileName] :To display line numbers.
 cat -e [fileName] : To display $ character at the end of
each line.
Ifconfig command :-
What :-
The ifconfig command is used for displaying current
network configuration information, setting up an
ip address, netmask, or broadcast address to a network
interface, creating an alias for the network
interface, setting up hardware address, and enable or disable
network interfaces.
When :-
It is used at the boot time to set up the interfaces as
necessary.
Where :-