Circuits Lab Midterm Examination

Group Leader: YACAS, NATHANIEL R.

Group Secretary: ZULUETA, LESTER JOHN C.
Group Members:
UCLARAY, JUSTINE ROI F.
TRIPOLI, MC QUARTEY B.
VELASCO, GIAN CARLO A.
VILLAMOR, JULES GABRELLE B.
VILLAPANDO, VINCENT D.

Date Submitted: November 19, 2021

Instructor: Marc Gabriel M. Labagnoy
 NUMBER 1 PROBLEM
Design a problem, complete with solution. Use at least three resistors and one
voltage source. You may use the 3 resistors in any way you wish so long as the
concepts of Ohm’s Law, Series and Parallel Circuits are discussed.

Find 𝑹𝑻 , 𝑰𝑻 , Currents per resistor, Power per resistor and 𝑷𝑻 .

FIND THE TOTAL RESISTANCE:

 1st thing to do is to look if there are any resistors in series circuit to simplify the
whole circuit by adding those resistors. If none or already simplified, proceed
to 2nd step.
 2nd is to solve any parallel circuits by using the formula of Parallel Resistors
𝑨𝑩
𝑪 = 𝑨+𝑩

𝑅2 ||𝑅3 𝑅4 ||𝑅5

𝑅2 𝑅3 (3)(2) 6 𝑅4 𝑅5 (5)(4) 20
𝑅6 = = = 𝑅7 = = =
𝑅2 + 𝑅3 (3 + 2) 5 𝑅4 + 𝑅5 (5 + 4) 9

𝑹𝟔 = 𝟏. 𝟐Ω 𝑹𝟕 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐Ω
 3rd is to combine the resistors in series circuit by simply adding them and
obtain the Total Resistance.

𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅6 + 𝑅7
𝑅𝑇 = 5Ω + 1.2Ω + 2.2222Ω

𝑹𝑻 = 𝟖. 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟐Ω
FIND THE TOTAL CURRENT:
Ohm’s Law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the voltage applied through the circuit and inversely
proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

 Use the formula of Ohm’s Law, 𝑽 = 𝑰𝑹, in finding the Total Current of the
circuit.

𝑉𝑇
𝑉𝑇 = 𝐼𝑇 𝑅𝑇 → 𝐼𝑇 =
𝑅𝑇
𝑉𝑇 120𝑉
𝐼𝑇 = =
𝑅𝑇 8.4222Ω

𝑰𝑻 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝟖𝑨

FIND THE CURRENT IN EACH RESISTOR:

 1st is by using the simplified circuit with 3 resistors(𝑅1 , 𝑅6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅7 ) remaining.

 2nd is to find the voltages of 𝑅1 , 𝑅6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅7 .

The 𝑅1 , 𝑅6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅7 are in a series circuit which means that currents of the 3
resistors are equal to each other and equal to the Total Current.
𝐼1 = 𝐼6 = 𝐼7 = 𝐼𝑇
𝑉1 = 𝐼1 𝑅1 = (14.248𝐴)(5Ω) 𝑉6 = 𝐼6 𝑅6 = (14.248𝐴)(1.2Ω)

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟐𝟒𝑽 𝑽𝟔 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟔𝑽

𝑉7 = 𝐼7 𝑅7 = (14.248𝐴)(2.2222Ω)

𝑽𝟕 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟐𝟑𝑽

 3rd is use the main diagram in determining the current of each resistor.

𝑽
 4th is to find the current of each resistor by using the formula 𝑰 = .
𝑹

𝑉1 71.24𝑉
𝐼1 = =
𝑅1 5Ω

𝑰𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝟖𝑨

𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are in a parallel circuit so their voltages are equal and equal to 𝑉6 .
𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = 𝑉6
 𝑉2 17.0976𝑉 𝑉3 17.0976𝑉
𝐼2 = = 𝐼3 = =
𝑅2 3Ω 𝑅3 2Ω

𝑰𝟐 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟗𝟗𝟐𝑨 𝑰𝟑 = 𝟖. 𝟓𝟒𝟖𝟖𝑨

𝑅4 and 𝑅5 are in a parallel circuit so their voltages are equal and equal to 𝑉7 .
𝑉4 = 𝑉5 = 𝑉7

𝑉4 31.6623𝑉 𝑉5 31.6621𝑉
𝐼4 = = 𝐼5 = =
𝑅4 5Ω 𝑅5 4Ω

𝑰𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝑨 𝑰𝟓 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟏𝟔𝑨

FIND THE POWER IN EACH RESISTOR:

 Use the formula of Power, 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 , in finding the Power in each
resistor.

𝑃1 = 𝐼12 𝑅1 = (14.248𝐴)2 (5)

𝑷𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓𝑾
𝑃4 = 𝐼42 𝑅4 = (6. .332𝐴)2 (5)

𝑃2 = 𝐼22 𝑅2 = (5.6992𝐴)2 (3) 𝑷𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟏𝑾

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟔𝑾
𝑃5 = 𝐼52 𝑅5 = (7.9156𝐴)2 (4)

𝑃3 = 𝐼32 𝑅3 = (8.5488𝐴)2 (2) 𝑷𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟐𝑾

𝑷𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟔𝟒𝑾
FIND THE TOTAL POWER:
 Add all the power in each resistor to obtain the Total Power of the Circuit.

𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + 𝑃4 + 𝑃5

𝑃𝑇 = 1015.0275𝑊 + 97.4426𝑊 + 146.164𝑊 + 200.471𝑊 + 250.6522𝑊

𝑷𝑻 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟒𝑾

SUMMARY OF ANSWERS:

UNIT TO
ANSWERS
BE USED

𝑹𝑻 𝟖. 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟐 Ω

𝑰𝑻 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝟖 𝑨
1. 𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝟖
2. 𝟓. 𝟔𝟗𝟗𝟐
Currents in each
3. 𝟖. 𝟓𝟒𝟖𝟖 𝑨
resistor
4. 𝟔. 𝟑𝟑𝟐
5. 𝟕. 𝟗𝟏𝟔
1. 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓
2. 𝟗𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟔
Power in each
3. 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟏𝟔𝟒 𝑾
resistor
4. 𝟐𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟏
5. 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟐
𝑷𝑻 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟗. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟒 𝑾
 NUMBER 2 PROBLEM
Design a problem, complete with solutions about Kirchhoff’s Current Law. Design
the problem by specifying values of ia, ib, ic and solve for the values of i1, i2 and
i3. Provide a brief discussion on the procedure done.

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that in any electric circuit, the sum of
electric currents flowing into a node is equal to the sum of the currents flowing
out of that node.
Current Flowing In = Current Flowing Out

Where currents “a” and “b” are the ones flowing into node A while currents “c”,
“d” and “e” are the ones flowing out of node A so this means that using the
Kirchhoffs Current Law:
𝑎+𝑏 =𝑐+𝑑+𝑒

Situation:

Givens
𝑖𝑎 = 24𝐴
𝑖𝑏 = 18𝐴
𝑖𝑐 = 9𝐴

Find
𝑖1 =?
𝑖2 =?
𝑖3 =?
 1st is to put nodes in the situation to determine the currents flowing in and out
of a specific node.

 2nd is to determine the currents passing through the 3 nodes (a, b and c) and
obtain the 3 equations to be used in finding the values of the remaining
currents, 𝑖1 , 𝑖2 and 𝑖3 .
Node “a”
𝑖𝑏 = 𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖1 Eq1 Node “c”
𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖3 = 𝑖𝑐 Eq3
Node “b”
𝑖1 + 𝑖2 = 𝑖3 Eq2

 3rd is to substitute the given values in these 3 equations to obtain the currents
required.

Use eq1 to find the 𝑖1 :

𝑖𝑏 = 𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖1 → 𝑖1 = 𝑖𝑏 − 𝑖𝑎

𝑖1 = 𝑖𝑏 − 𝑖𝑎

𝑖1 = 18𝐴 − 24𝐴

𝑖1 = −6𝐴 WAD

Use eq3 to find the 𝑖3 :

𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖3 = 𝑖𝑐 → 𝑖3 = 𝑖𝑐 − 𝑖𝑎

𝑖3 = 𝑖𝑐 − 𝑖𝑎

𝑖3 = 9𝐴 − 24𝐴

𝑖3 = −15𝐴 WAD

Use eq2 to find the 𝑖2 :

𝑖1 + 𝑖2 = 𝑖3 → 𝑖2 = 𝑖3 − 𝑖1

𝑖2 = 𝑖3 − 𝑖1

𝑖2 = (−15𝐴) − (−6𝐴)

𝑖1 = −9𝐴 WAD

“WAD” or “Wrong Assigned Direction” which it means that the assumed flow
direction of the current is in the opposite direction of the correct flow direction
of the current. The assumed flow direction can be determined as WAD when
the obtained current is negative.

 4th is when all the missing currents are already obtained with their respective
directions, plot again the situation with all the currents and their correct flow
directions.
 UNIT TO
ANSWERS BE
USED

𝒊𝟏 -6 𝐴

𝒊𝟐 -9 𝐴

𝒊𝟑 -15 𝐴

Correct
Diagram
of the
Situation