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Integrator

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27 views

Integrator

Uploaded by

firstkenaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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- Bate a rk 7. Integrator Refer to the figure of integrator, This circuit performs the integration of the input waveform. The output voltage V. can be expressed as Vo = —qo J Vidt + k where kis the constant of integration which depends upon the value of V, at t = 0. The peak of the output waveform Vr is given by the expression Vr = jes, where T is the time period of the input square wave, Integrators are commonly used in analog computers and wave shaping networks, Gain and linearity of the output waveform are the two important advantages of op-amp integrators over ordinary RC integrators. Linearity of the waveform is achieved by the constant current through the capacitor. Due to the property of virtual-ground, current through the input resistance is constant due to constant potential drop across it. Current through the input resistor and capacitor is the same. At low frequencies of the input voltage, capacitor behaves as an open circuit. Op-amp may saturate at low frequency even for a very low voltage at the input. This is because the open loop gain is very high. A high value feedback resistor Rp is connected across the capacitor to prevent the op-amp from going to saturation. When Rr is connected, gain will be reduced considerably at low frequencies. At higher frequencies circuit behaves as an ordinary integra. tor. In other words; at low frequencies Rp is effective and C is effective at high frequencies in the feedback path. Integrator is a first order Low Pass Filter. It permits low frequencies to pass to output. Circuit diagram Rr 150k 001M Practical Integrator Waveforms Vin +V t -V Ny VT/ARC t Table and graph Procedure i Set up the integrator circuit. Feed 2 Vpp, 1 ms square wave at the input and observe the input and output simultaneously on CRO. Vary the de offset of the square wave input and observe the difference in the output waveform. Repeat the experiment by feeding triangular wave and sine wave at the input and observe the output. he output amplitude by varying the tre- Feed a sine wave to the input and note down tl quency of the sine wave. Enter it in the tabular column and plot the frequency curve.

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