CELL TYPES

ANNIVIC
OTAYDE
Different Types of
Cell in the Human
Body Based on
Tissue Formation
Different Types of Cell in the Human Body
Based on Tissue Formation

Connective Tissue Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue Muscle Tissue

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 1. Epithelial Tissue
• This type of tissue is commonly
seen outside the body as
coverings or as linings of organs
and cavities.
• Epithelial tissues are
characterized by closely-joined
cells with tight junctions (i.e., a
type of cell modification).
• Being tightly packed, tight
junctions serve as barriers for
pathogens, mechanical injuries,
and fluid loss. 4
 1. Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelial tissue or epithelium
forms the outer covering of the
skin and also lines the body
cavity.
• It forms the lining of
respiratory, digestive,
reproductive and excretory
tracts.
• They perform various functions
such as absorption, protection,
sensation and secretion. 5
Cells that make up epithelial tissues can have
distinct arrangements:

❑Cuboidal
❑Simple columnar
❑Simple squamous
❑Stratified squamous
❑Pseudo-stratified
columnar
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Pseudo-stratified columnar
 A. Cuboidal
• Cuboidal epithelial cells are cube-like
in appearance, meaning they have
equal width, height and depth.
• Their major functions are absorption
and secretion. Examples – cells covering
• Moreover, their prominent thickness thyroid follicles, ovary,
• Lines the pigment layer of
permits cytoplasm to be rich in the retina.

mitochondria and also other

organelles for a high degree of active
transport across the epithelium and
other functions. 7
 B. Simple columnar
• A single layer of columnar epithelial
cells which are tall and slender with
oval-shaped nuclei located in the
basal region, attached to the
basement membrane.
• In humans, simple columnar
epithelium lines most organs of the
digestive tract including the
stomach, and intestines.
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 B. Simple columnar
• The main function of simple columnar
epithelial cells are protection.
• For secretion and active absorption
• For example, the epithelium in the
stomach and digestive tract provides
an impermeable barrier against any
bacteria that could be ingested but is
permeable to any necessary ions.
• This function is especially important
in the colon. 9
 C. Simple squamous
• Simple squamous epithelial cells
form a membrane that allows
selective diffusion of materials to
pass through.
• For exchange of material through
diffusion. Areas where it can be found include: skin,
capillary walls, glomeruli, pericardial lining,
• Diffusion helps with filtration, pleural lining, peritoneal cavity lining, and
alveolar lining.
absorption and secretion
functions.
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 D. Stratified squamous
• This type of epithelium usually has
protective functions, including
protection against microorganisms
from invading underlying tissue
and/or protection against water
loss.
• The outer layer of your skin (the
epidermis) is made of stratified
squamous epithelial cells.
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 E. Pseudo-stratified columnar
• Most commonly found along the respiratory
airways.
• It consists of column-like cells of varying
heights. The cells are not of equal heights
and as a result, not all cells the apical
surface of the tissue.
• It helps trap and transport particles
brought in through the nasal passages and
lungs.
• Usually lined with cilia (i.e., a type of cell
modification that sweeps the mucus). 12
 2. Connective Tissue
• Tissue that supports,
protects, and gives structure
to other tissues and organs
in the body.
• Connective tissue also
stores fat, helps move
nutrients and other
substances between tissues
and organs, and helps repair
damaged tissue.
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 A. BLOOD
• It is considered a connective
tissue, because it consists of
blood cells surrounded by a
nonliving fluid matrix called
blood plasma.
• Blood is the only liquid tissue
in the body that measures
about 5 liters in the adult
human and accounts for 8
percent of the body weight.
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 A. BLOOD
• Made up of plasma (i.e.,liquid
extracellular matrix);
• Contains water, salts, and
dissolved proteins;
• Erythrocytes that carry
oxygen (RBC),
• Leukocytes for defense
(WBC), and
• Platelets for blood clotting.
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 B. Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)
• Made up of loose connective tissue
that is found in the skin and fibrous
connective tissue that is made up of
collagenous fibers.
• Found in tendons and ligaments.

• Adipose tissues are also examples

of loose connective tissues that store
fats which functions to insulate the
body and store energy.
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 C. Cartilage
• Characterized by collagenous
fibers embedded in chondroitin
sulfate.
• Chondrocytes are the cells that
secrete collagen and
chondroitin sulfate.
• Cartilage functions as cushion
between bones.

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 C. Bone
• Mineralized connective tissue made by
bone-forming cells called osteoblasts which
deposit collagen.
• The matrix of collagen is combined with
calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions to
make the bone hard.
• Bones protect the various other organs of
the body, produce red and white blood
cells, store minerals, provide structure and
support for the body, and enable mobility.
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 3. Muscle Tissue
• These tissues are composed of long
cells called muscle fibers that allow
the body to move voluntary or
involuntary.
• Muscle tissue is composed of cells
that have the special ability to
shorten or contract in order to
produce movement of the body parts.
• The tissue is highly cellular and is well
supplied with blood vessels.
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3. Muscle Tissue

• Movement of muscles is a
response to signals coming
from nerve cells.
• In vertebrates, these
muscles can be categorized
into the following:

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 A. Skeletal Muscle
• Striated;
• Comprise 30 to 40% of your
total body mass.
• They're the muscles that connect
to your bones and allow you to
perform a wide range of
movements and functions.
• Skeletal muscles are voluntary,
meaning you control how and
when they work.
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 B. Cardiac Muscle
• Cardiac muscle (or
myocardium) makes up
the thick middle layer of
the heart.
• Striated with intercalated
disk for synchronized
heart contraction.
• Involuntary
• Responsible for the ability
of the heart to pump
blood.
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 C. Smooth Muscle
• Smooth muscle is found
throughout the body where it
serves a variety of functions.
• It is in the stomach and intestines
where it helps with digestion and
nutrient collection.
• It is found throughout the urinary
system where it functions to help
rid the body of toxins and works in
electrolyte balance.
• not striated; involuntary
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 4. Nervous Tissue
• The main tissue of our nervous
system.
• These tissues are composed of
nerve cells called neurons and
glial cells that function as support
cells.
• These neurons sense stimuli and
transmit electrical signals
throughout the animal body.
• Neurons connect to other neurons
to send signals.
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 4. Nervous Tissue
• The dendrite is the
part of the neuron
that receives
impulses from other
neurons while
• The axon is the part
where the impulse is
transmitted to other
neurons.
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Type of Cells in
Human Body Based
on their Function
1. Conductive cells
• These cells have the
internal ability to
conduct electric impulse
from one region to other
distant regions in the
body.
• Example of this are
nerve cells and muscle
cells. 27
2. Connective cells

• Cells like bone cells

and blood cells
falling in this
category helps to
connect other cells
and tissues.

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3. Glandular cells
• These cells are also
called secretory cells
because they form
glands like pancreas,
salivary glands.
• Glandular cells help in
the production of
enzymes, hormones.
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4. Storage cells
• These cells are like storage
room for example the
adipose cells (fat cells) and
some liver cells storing
materials like fat for later
use.
• This stored fat is consumed
when you’re feeling hungry
and/or cold.
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5. Supportive cells
• Glial cells in the brain and spinal
cord which provide nourishment to
the neurons and protects it from
shocks and trauma is one example
or supportive cells.
• These act as a support to adjacent
cells. The image on the right has
drawings of three different types of
glial cell — astrocytes, microglia
and oligodendrocytes
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6. Special type of cells
A. Sperms (Spermatozoa)
➢ Unlike other cells these cells are
haploid (i.e. have only one set of
chromosome).
➢ After puberty these becomes
present in male body. The tail
(flagella) having the enzyme
hyaluronidase helps them propel
through the female uterus and
reach the oocytes.
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 6. Special type of cells
B. Oocytes (Ovum)
➢ These cells like the sperm cells
are haploid and start to form
after puberty and continue until
menopause.
➢ The sperm after accepted by the
ovum fertilizes the egg also
called the zygote which later
grows and moves to the uterine
forming a baby.
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 6. Special type of cells
C. Stem cells
• Stem cells are special cells produced by bone
marrow (a spongy tissue found in the centre of
some bones) that can turn into different types of
blood cells.
• The 3 main types of blood cell they can become
are:
• red blood cells – which carry oxygen
around the body
• white blood cells – which help fight
infection
• platelets – which help stop bleeding
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6. Special type of cells
D. Rods and cones

• Cells in the eyes

having the ability to
capture image color
and light.

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6. Special type of cells
E. Ciliated cells
• These type of cells are can
be found in the lining of
respiratory tract and
esophagus.
• These have a pointed
thread-like cilia which move
in one particular direction to
move materials.
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6. Special type of cells
F. Blood cells
• Cells are never attached to one
another.
• Blood cells flows freely in the
liquid blood.
• Some red blood cells (RBC’s)
are not alive while others have
varied shapes like white blood
cells WBC, platelets (spindle
shape).
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6. Special type of cells
F. Blood cells
• These white blood cells
(WBC’s) have different types.
• Of these WBC’s macrophages
have ability to eat (gulp) any
foreign particle like bacteria in
the body.
• They comprise the body
defense cells.
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