9/4/23, 10:28 AM Android SQLite Database Example Tutorial | DigitalOcean

CONTENTS
Android SQLite

// Tutorial //

Android SQLite Database Example Tutorial

Published on August 3, 2022

Android

By Anupam Chugh

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While we believe that this content benefits our community, we have not yet thoroughly reviewed it. If you
have any suggestions for improvements, please let us know by clicking the “report an issue“ button at the
bottom of the tutorial.

Welcome to Android SQLite Example Tutorial. Android SQLite is the mostly preferred way to store data
for android applications. For many applications, SQLite is the apps backbone whether it’s used directly
or via some third-party wrapper. Below is the final app we wil create today using Android SQLite
database.

Android SQLite

Android SQLite is a very lightweight database which comes with Android OS. Android SQLite combines a
clean SQL interface with a very small memory footprint and decent speed. For Android, SQLite is “baked
into” the Android runtime, so every Android application can create its own SQLite databases. Android
SQLite native API is not JDBC, as JDBC might be too much overhead for a memory-limited smartphone.
Once a database is created successfully its located in data/data//databases/ accessible from Android
Device Monitor. SQLite is a typical relational database, containing tables (which consists of rows and
columns), indexes etc. We can create our own tables to hold the data accordingly. This structure is
referred to as a schema.
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A ndr oid SQLit e SQLit eOpenHelper

Android has features available to handle changing database schemas, which mostly depend on using the
SQLiteOpenHelper class. SQLiteOpenHelper is designed to get rid of two very common problems.

1. When the application runs the first time - At this point, we do not yet have a database. So we wil
have to create the tables, indexes, starter data, and so on.
2. When the application is upgraded to a newer schema - Our database wil stil be on the old schema
from the older edition of the app. We wil have option to alter the database schema to match the
needs of the rest of the app.
SQLiteOpenHelper wraps up these logic to create and upgrade a database as per our specifications. For
that we’l need to create a custom subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper implementing at least the following
three methods.
1. Constructor : This takes the Context (e.g., an Activity), the name of the database, an optional
cursor factory (we’l discuss this later), and an integer representing the version of the database
schema you are using (typically starting from 1 and increment later).
public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
}

2. onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) : It’s called when there is no database and the app needs one. It
passes us a SQLiteDatabase object, pointing to a newly-created database, that we can populate
with tables and initial data.
3. onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) : It’s called when the schema
version we need does not match the schema version of the database, It passes us a
SQLiteDatabase object and the old and new version numbers. Hence we can figure out the best
way to convert the database from the old schema to the new one.
We define a DBManager class to perform all database CRUD(Create, Read, Update and Delete)
operations.
Opening and C losing A ndr oid SQLit e D at abase C onnect ion

Before performing any database operations like insert, update, delete records in a table, first open the
database connection by calling getWritableDatabase() method as shown below:
public DBManager open() throws SQLException {
dbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}

The dbHelper is an instance of the subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper . To close a database connection the
following method is invoked.
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public void close() {

dbHelper.close();
}

Inser t ing new Recor d int o A ndr oid SQLit e dat abase t able

The following code snippet shows how to insert a new record in the android SQLite database.
public void insert(String name, String desc) {
ContentValues contentValue = new ContentValues();
contentValue.put(DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, name);
contentValue.put(DatabaseHelper.DESC, desc);
database.insert(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValue);
}

Content Values creates an empty set of values using the given initial size. We’l discuss the other
instance values when we jump into the coding part.
Updat ing Recor d in A ndr oid SQLit e dat abase t able

The following snippet shows how to update a single record.

public int update(long _id, String name, String desc) {
ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
contentValues.put(DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, name);
contentValues.put(DatabaseHelper.DESC, desc);
int i = database.update(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, contentValues, DatabaseHelper._ID + " =
return i;
}

A ndr oid SQLit e - D elet ing a Recor d

We just need to pass the id of the record to be deleted as shown below.

public void delete(long _id) {
database.delete(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, DatabaseHelper._ID + "=" + _id, null);
}

A ndr oid SQLit e C ur sor

A Cursor represents the entire result set of the query. Once the query is fetched a call to
cursor.moveToFirst() is made. Calling moveToFirst() does two things:
It allows us to test whether the query returned an empty set (by testing the return value)
It moves the cursor to the first result (when the set is not empty)
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The following code is used to fetch all records:

public Cursor fetch() {
String[] columns = new String[] { DatabaseHelper._ID, DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, DatabaseHelpe
Cursor cursor = database.query(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, columns, null, null, null, null,
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.moveToFirst();
}
return cursor;
}

Another way to use a Cursor is to wrap it in a CursorAdapter . Just as ArrayAdapter adapts arrays,
CursorAdapter adapts Cursor objects, making their data available to an AdapterView like a ListView .
Let’s jump to our project that uses SQLite to store some meaningful data.
A ndr oid SQLit e Example Pr oject St r uct ur e

In this application we wish to create records that store Country names and their respective currencies in
the form of a ListView. We cover all the features discusses above.
A ndr oid SQLit e Pr oject C ode

The application consists of 5 classes. We begin with defining with DatabaseHelper, which is a subclass
of SQLiteOpenHelper as follows: DatabaseHelper.java

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package com.journaldev.sqlite;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

// Table Name
public static final String TABLE_NAME = "COUNTRIES";

// Table columns
public static final String _ID = "_id";
public static final String SUBJECT = "subject";
public static final String DESC = "description";

// Database Information
static final String DB_NAME = "JOURNALDEV_COUNTRIES.DB";

// database version
static final int DB_VERSION = 1;

// Creating table query

private static final String CREATE_TABLE = "create table " + TABLE_NAME + "(" + _ID
+ " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " + SUBJECT + " TEXT NOT NULL, " + DESC + " TEXT

public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {

super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
}

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
}

@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME);
onCreate(db);
}
}

As discussed above we have overridden the onCreate() and onUpgrade() methods besides the
constructor. We’ve assigned the names to the database and the table as
JOURNALDEV_COUNTRIES.DB and COUNTRIES respectively. The index column is auto incremented
whenever a new row is inserted. The column names for country and currency are “subject” and
“description”. The DBManager classes is where the DatabaseHelper is initialized and the CRUD
Operations are defined. Below is the code for this class: DBManager.java
package com.journaldev.sqlite;

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import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

public class DBManager {

private DatabaseHelper dbHelper;

private Context context;

private SQLiteDatabase database;

public DBManager(Context c) {
context = c;
}

public DBManager open() throws SQLException {

dbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
database = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
return this;
}

public void close() {

dbHelper.close();
}

public void insert(String name, String desc) {

ContentValues contentValue = new ContentValues();
contentValue.put(DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, name);
contentValue.put(DatabaseHelper.DESC, desc);
database.insert(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, contentValue);
}

public Cursor fetch() {

String[] columns = new String[] { DatabaseHelper._ID, DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, DatabaseHelpe
Cursor cursor = database.query(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, columns, null, null, null, null,
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.moveToFirst();
}
return cursor;
}

public int update(long _id, String name, String desc) {

ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
contentValues.put(DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, name);
contentValues.put(DatabaseHelper.DESC, desc);
int i = database.update(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, contentValues, DatabaseHelper._ID + " =
return i;
}

public void delete(long _id) {

database.delete(DatabaseHelper.TABLE_NAME, DatabaseHelper._ID + "=" + _id, null);

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The CountryListActivity.java class is the activity which is launched when the application starts. Below
is layout defined for it: fragment_emp_list.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:dividerHeight="1dp"
android:padding="10dp" >
</ListView>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/empty"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:text="@string/empty_list_text" />

</RelativeLayout>

Here a ListView component is defined to included the records stored in the database. Initial y the
ListView would be empty hence a TextView is used to display the same. CountryListActivity.java
package com.journaldev.sqlite;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class CountryListActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

private DBManager dbManager;

private ListView listView;

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private SimpleCursorAdapter adapter;

final String[] from = new String[] { DatabaseHelper._ID,

DatabaseHelper.SUBJECT, DatabaseHelper.DESC };

final int[] to = new int[] { R.id.id, R.id.title, R.id.desc };

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

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super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.fragment_emp_list);

dbManager = new DBManager(this);

dbManager.open();

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Cursor cursor = dbManager.fetch();

listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);

listView.setEmptyView(findViewById(R.id.empty));

adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.activity_view_record, cursor, from, to, 0)

adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

listView.setAdapter(adapter);

// OnCLickListiner For List Items

listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long viewId) {
TextView idTextView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.id);
TextView titleTextView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.title);
TextView descTextView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.desc);

String id = idTextView.getText().toString();
String title = titleTextView.getText().toString();
String desc = descTextView.getText().toString();

Intent modify_intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ModifyCountryActivity.cl

modify_intent.putExtra("title", title);
modify_intent.putExtra("desc", desc);
modify_intent.putExtra("id", id);

startActivity(modify_intent);
}
});
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}

@Override

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public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

int id = item.getItemId();
if (id == R.id.add_record) {

Intent add_mem = new Intent(this, AddCountryActivity.class);

startActivity(add_mem);

}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

In this activity the DBManager object is invoked to perform the CRUD Operations. A
SimpleCursorAdapter is defined to add elements to the list from the query results that are returned in an
Cursor Object. On list item click an intent is performed to open the ModifyCountryActivity class. The
menu contains an item to add a new record from the ActionBar. Here again an intent is performed to
open the AddCountryActivity class. Below is menu.xml code. menu.xml
<menu xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools"
tools:context="com.example.sqlitesample.MainActivity" >

<item
android:id="@+id/add_record"
android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_add"
android:orderInCategory="100"
android:title="@string/add_record"
app:showAsAction="always"/>

</menu>

The xml layout and code of AddCountryActivity.java file are defined below: activity_add_record.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp" >

<EditText
android:id="@+id/subject_edittext"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="@string/enter_title" >

<requestFocus />
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</EditText>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/description_edittext"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="@string/enter_desc"
android:inputType="textMultiLine"
android:minLines="5" >
</EditText>

<Button
android:id="@+id/add_record"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="@string/add_record" />

</LinearLayout>

Two EditText components that take the inputs for country and currency along with a button to add the
values to the database and display it in the ListView are defined. AddCountryActivity.java
package com.journaldev.sqlite;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class AddCountryActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

private Button addTodoBtn;

private EditText subjectEditText;
private EditText descEditText;

private DBManager dbManager;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setTitle("Add Record");

setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_record);

subjectEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.subject_edittext);

descEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.description_edittext);

addTodoBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add_record);

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dbManager = new DBManager(this);

dbManager.open();
addTodoBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.add_record:

final String name = subjectEditText.getText().toString();

final String desc = descEditText.getText().toString();

dbManager.insert(name, desc);

Intent main = new Intent(AddCountryActivity.this, CountryListActivity.class)

.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);

startActivity(main);
break;
}
}

The CRUD operation performed here is adding a new record to the database. The xml layout and code
of ModifyCountryActivity.java file are defined below: activity_modify_record.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="10dp" >

<EditText
android:id="@+id/subject_edittext"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="@string/enter_title" />

<EditText
android:id="@+id/description_edittext"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="@string/enter_desc"
android:inputType="textMultiLine"
android:minLines="5" >
</EditText>

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<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:weightSum="2"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:orientation="horizontal" >

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="@string/btn_update" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_delete"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="@string/btn_delete" />
</LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

It’s similar to the previous layout except that modify and delete buttons are added.
ModifyCountryActivity.java

package com.journaldev.sqlite;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class ModifyCountryActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

private EditText titleText;

private Button updateBtn, deleteBtn;
private EditText descText;

private long _id;

private DBManager dbManager;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setTitle("Modify Record");

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setContentView(R.layout.activity_modify_record);

dbManager = new DBManager(this);

dbManager.open();

titleText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.subject_edittext);

descText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.description_edittext);

updateBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_update);

deleteBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_delete);

Intent intent = getIntent();

String id = intent.getStringExtra("id");
String name = intent.getStringExtra("title");
String desc = intent.getStringExtra("desc");

_id = Long.parseLong(id);

titleText.setText(name);
descText.setText(desc);

updateBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
deleteBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_update:
String title = titleText.getText().toString();
String desc = descText.getText().toString();

dbManager.update(_id, title, desc);

this.returnHome();
break;

case R.id.btn_delete:
dbManager.delete(_id);
this.returnHome();
break;
}
}

public void returnHome() {

Intent home_intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), CountryListActivity.class)
.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(home_intent);
}
}

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The CRUD operations performed here are updating and deleting a record. The below images are the
screenshots of the final output of our project. The first image is the output seen when the application is
launched for the first time.

The second image is the result of clicking the menu option from the ActionBar to add a new record as
shown below.

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The third image shows an output when 3 records are added :

The fourth image shows the output when any list item is clicked to modify or delete a record :

The final image is the output when a record is deleted. In this example we delete the first record :

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Opening t he A ndr oid SQLit e D at abase fi le

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As we’ve discussed earlier in this tutorial, the database file is stored in the internal storage that is
accessible from the Android Device Monitor as visible in the pic below.

To view this database we need to pull this file from the device to our desktop. This is done by clicking
the menu option in the top right as seen in the image below :

To open this file download the SQLiteBrowser from this link. The snippets below show the schema and
tables in the browser.

To view the table go to the Browse Data tab on top. The following image is seen:

This brings an end to Android SQLite tutorial. The final Android SQLite Project is downloadable from
the below link.
Download Android SQLite Example Project

Thanks for learning with the DigitalOcean Community. Check out our offerings for compute,
storage, networking, and managed databases.
Learn more about us ->
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About the authors

Anupam Chugh Author

Still looking for an answer? Ask a question Search for more help

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Comments

JournalDev • April 28, 2021

final int[] to = new int[] { R.id.id, R.id.title, R.id.desc }; can’t findany where these resource ids --
-- id, title, desc shows error
- sahid

JournalDev • April 28, 2021

activity_view_record.xml (layout file is not found. adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,
R.layout.activity_view_record, cursor, from, to, 0); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); Please let
me know the layout coding. Thank you

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- sahid

JournalDev • November 11, 2020

I have run and installed it successfully but can’t find the project’s package in sdcard
- phongdc
Show replies

JournalDev • August 21, 2020

Sir when i click list items my ModyfyActivity does not open, i have added intent for it,but stil
not working.Please suggest
- Sitansu

JournalDev • August 19, 2020

Hey,Can you please tell me where is the activity_view_record,that you add in
CountryListActivity?
- Sitansu

JournalDev • May 16, 2020

What to do when i have a custom adapter with multiple list view and I want to convert it into
customcursoradapter. Actually I am using recyclerview with multiple ArrayList of TextView.
- HIRAL PATEL

JournalDev • May 12, 2020

Thank you very much, it’s a awesome tutorial, i managed to handle datas. Great!

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- fgoraz

JournalDev • January 7, 2020

Hi you all, Got Anupam’s code running, with a vew minor adjustments. These are the problems I
encountered and the changes I made. Problem 1 Android Studio, version 3.5.3, had trouble
running the code. AS recommended migrating to Gradle. That did not work. I’m curious,
Anupam, if you are not using AS, what are you using? Solution Create a new application. Copy
and paste Anupam’s code to: app/src/main/AndroidManefest.xml
app/src/main/res/layout/activity_add_record.xml
app/src/main/res/layout/activity_veiw_record.xml
app/src/main/res/layout/activity_modify_record.xml app/src/main/res/layout/activity_emp_list.xml
app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml app/src/main/res/menu/main.xml //had to create this
directory app/src/main/java/com/example/yourapplicationname/AddCountryActivity.java
app/src/main/java/com/example/yourapplicationname/ModifyCountryActivity.java
app/src/main/java/com/example/yourapplicationname/CountryListActivity.java
app/src/main/java/com/example/yourapplicationname/DatabaseHelper.java
app/src/main/java/com/example/yourapplicationname/DbManager.java
app/src/main/java/com/example/yourapplicationname/MainActivity.java //Anupam’s project
structure did not list this file, but we seem to need it for app/src/main/res/menu/main.xml
Problem 2 AS did not recognize ActionBarActivity in CountryListActivity.java. public class
CountryListActivity extends ActionBarActivity { The version of AS I’m using requires androix
dependency. import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity; is no longer supported. Solution
First, check that the following is listed in dependencies in the build.gradle (Module: app) file.
implementation ‘androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2’ If it’s not there, copy and paste this line
in. Or, better yet, update your AS. Second, replace ActionBarActivity with AppCompatActivity in
CountryListActivity.java public class CountryListActivity extends AppCompatActivity { That
should do it. Good luck everybody and thank you Anupam Chungh. I also love learning new
stuff in Android.
- LJB
Show replies

JournalDev • January 5, 2020

Thanks Anupam. This was helpful.
- Siddharth

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9/4/23, 10:28 AM Android SQLite Database Example Tutorial | DigitalOcean

JournalDev • January 5, 2020

Anupam, just read your very thorough and easy to understand post. Looking forward to running
your code and learning new things. LJB
- LJB

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