10

Science
Quarter 2 - Week 1
Module 1: Electromagnetic
Spectrum

AIRs - LM
Science 10
Quarter 2 - Week 1
Module 1: Electromagnetic Spectrum
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Michael O. Mejia

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Science 10
Quarter 2 - Week 1
Module 1: Electromagnetic
Spectrum
 Target

Waves happen all around us in this physical world. We observe these daily
but there is still a wide range of waves that our eyes cannot detect. Though
invisible, we still encounter this spectrum of waves on a daily basis like when we
watch a television program and use a remote control, when we listen music or news
on the radio, or when we heat our food in the microwave oven.

In your Science 7, you learned all about waves: the difference between
longitudinal and transverse as well as the difference between mechanical and
electromagnetic. For this module, we will focus on ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

This module will provide you with information and activities that will help
you understand the comparative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic
waves.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic waves
(S10FE-IIa-b-47); and
2. describe how the electromagnetic spectrum is arranged.

Pre-Test

Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write FACT if the statement is
correct
otherwise BLUFF if it is incorrect. Use a separate sheet for your
answers.

________ 1. According to electromagnetic theory, a changing magnetic field induces

an electric field.
________ 2. James Clerk Maxwell verified the existence of electromagnetic (EM)
waves.
________ 3. Both electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of
the wave motion.
________ 4. All EM waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
________ 5. The photon energy carried by an EM wave is described by the wave
equation.
________ 6. The electromagnetic spectrum arranges the EM waves according to
amplitude and wave height.
________ 7. The equation E=hf is called the Planck-Einstein relation.
________ 8. Radio waves have the longest wavelength.
________ 9. Visible light carries the highest quantity of photon energy.
________ 10. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength.
________ 11. The two waves that lie at the ends of the visible light spectrum are X-
ray and Gamma Ray.
________ 12. X-ray has a longer wavelength than Microwave.
________ 13. Photons are the smallest discrete amount of electromagnetic radiation.
________ 14. The symbol for wavelength is the Greek letter λ (lambda).
________ 15. The speed of an EM wave in an empty space is 3.0x108 m/s.

Jumpstart

This activity will enable you to assess your prior

knowledge on ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

Activity: Labelling the Wave!

Directions: Label the parts of a Transverse Wave. Use a separate sheet for your
answers.

Direction of Wave Propagation

1. 2.

A B

3. 4. 5.

6.  The number of wave crests passing point A each second.

7.  The time required for the wave crest at point A to reach point B.

8.  The distance a wave travels in a given amount of time.

 Discover

In 1865, Scotsman James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) formulated his

electromagnetic theory, predicting that visible light is electric and magnetic
phenomena. The third and fourth equations of the famous Maxwell’s equations
encompasses the Faraday’s law of induction and Ampere’s law which respectively
assumed that a changing magnetic field induces an electric field and that a
changing electric field generates a magnetic field. From this assumption, he
predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves.

According to Maxwell, an
electromagnetic wave is an electrical
and magnetic disturbances
produced by accelerated charges,
such as vibrating electrons, that
propagates through empty space at
the speed of light, c = 3.0 x 108 m/s.
As these waves are produced by a
changing electric field E and a
changing magnetic field B, they have
an electric and a magnetic
component where each component
is perpendicular to the other. Since
both components are perpendicular to Figure 1. The electric and magnetic fields are
the direction of the wave motion, all perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the
wave propagation.
electromagnetic waves are transverse. Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25
Electromagnetic (EM) waves are /Electromagnetic_waves.png
also known as Hertzian waves as German Heinrich R. Hertz (1857-1894) verified
the predictions of Maxwell. EM wave is also used interchangeably with
Electromagnetic radiation.
 Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Recall that the wavelength λ (read as “lambda”) of an EM wave depends on

its frequency and speed. In a vacuum, the wavelength of all electromagnetic waves
is described by the mathematical relationship:
𝑐
λ=
𝑓
Example:
What is the wavelength λ of a certain EM wave moving in a vacuum with a
frequency of 6x1011 Hz?
Given: f = 6x1011 Hz or 6x1011 s-1
Find: λ = ?
Solution:
𝑐
λ=
𝑓
3.0𝑥10⁸ 𝑚/𝑠
λ=
6𝑥1011 𝑠¯¹
λ = 5x10-4 m

This mathematical relationship is also known as the wave equation (c = λf).

Try the activity on wave equation below.

Activity 1: Solving the Wave Speed

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Then solve for the required value
with complete solutions. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. What is the frequency of radio waves with wavelength of 40 m?

2. A certain EM wave with a frequency of 990 Hz is traveling at a speed c. What
is its wavelength?
3. What is the wavelength of light waves with frequency of 6x1014 Hz?

The different types of electromagnetic waves are defined by the amount of

energy carried by the photons, the smallest discrete amount of electromagnetic
radiation. Basically, photons are bundles of wave energy where this energy is given
by the Planck-Einstein relation:
E = hf
where E is the photon energy carried by the EM wave, h is the Planck’s Constant
and has a value of 6.63x10-34 joules per second (J•s), and f is the frequency of the
EM wave.
 EM waves are arranged in an electromagnetic spectrum based on their
frequency (f), wavelength (λ), and photon energy (E). According to increasing
frequency, the EM spectrum includes: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible
light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The electromagnetic waves do not have
exact dividing region.

Do the activity below to understand more about the Electromagnetic

Spectrum.

Activity 2: A Spectrum of Answers!

Directions: Study the chart below critically. Then answer the following questions
briefly. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

← Increasing Energy (E)

← Increasing Frequency (f)
f (Hz)
Radio Waves

Figure 2. Chart of Electromagnetic Spectrum

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/EM_spectrum.svg/787px-
EM_spectrum.svg.png

Questions:

Q1. Which electromagnetic (EM) wave has the longest wavelength? How
about the shortest?
Q2. Which EM wave has the lowest frequency? How about the highest?
Q3. Which EM wave carries the lowest photon energy? How about the
highest?
Q4. What are the two waves lie at the ends of the visible light spectrum?
Q5. In the visible spectrum, what color has the longest wavelength? How
about the shortest?
Q6. What color in the visible spectrum has the lowest frequency? How
about the highest?
 Q7. What color in the visible spectrum carries the lowest photon energy?
How about the highest?
Q8. From the chart, what is the relationship of frequency and wavelength?
Q9. What is the relationship of wavelength and energy?
Q10. What is the relationship of frequency and energy?

Activity 3: An Electromagnetic Arrangement!

Directions: Then arrange the following sets of EM waves according to the required
order. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

Order EM Waves Correct Arrangement

1. Increasing f Radio wave, X-ray, Visible light
2. Decreasing E Gamma ray, Infrared, Ultraviolet
3. Decreasing λ Visible light, Ultraviolet, Microwave
4. Increasing λ Microwave, Infrared, X-ray
5. Increasing E Radio wave, Gamma ray, X-ray
6. Decreasing f Ultraviolet, Microwave, Radio wave
7. Increasing λ X-ray, Microwave, Visible light
8. Decreasing E Gamma ray, X-ray, Ultraviolet
9. Decreasing λ Visible light, Ultraviolet, Infrared
10. Increasing f Radio wave, Gamma Ray, Visible light

Deepen

Activity 1: Electromagnetic Spectrum Drawing

Materials: Pen, Bond Paper, Coloring materials
Directions:
1. Use a correct representation of the EM spectrum to pattern and create your
own spectrum.
2. In your spectrum, include the following parts: waves, frequency and
wavelength label, and size scale.
3. Begin your electromagnetic spectrum with long wavelengths/low frequency
waves and end with short wavelength/high frequency waves. Be sure to
properly label the wavelengths and frequencies.
a. Draw an arrow showing how frequency increases along your EM
spectrum.
b. Draw an arrow showing how wavelength increases along your EM
spectrum.
 4. On the “visible light” portion of the spectrum, break it down into the
component colors (ROYGBIV). Draw the visible spectrum below the main
wave.
5. Label the types of waves that are found along the spectrum and draw a
picture that compares the size of the wavelength of those wave types.
Regions to Include:
Frequency Wavelength Energy
Region Size Scale
(Hz) (m) (J)
mountains,
Radio Waves < 3x109 > 1x10-1 < 2x10-24
building
3x109 to 1x10-3 to 2x10-24 to
Microwaves
3x1010 1x10-1 2x10-22
3x1011 to 7x10-7 to 2x10-22 to
Infrared
4x1014 1x10-3 3x10-19
4x1014 to 4x10-7 to 3x10-19 to
Visible Light bacteria
7.5x1014 7x10-7 5x10-19
Red 620 – 750 nm
Orange 590 – 620 nm
Yellow 570 – 590 nm
Green 495 – 570 nm
Blue 450 – 495 nm
Indigo 420 – 450 nm
Violet 380 – 420 nm
7.5x1014 to 1x10-8 to 5x10-19 to
Ultraviolet virus
3x1016 4x10-7 2x10-17
3x1016 to 1x10-11 to 2x10-17 to
X-ray atoms
3x1019 1x10-8 2x10-14
Gamma Ray > 3x1019 <1x10-11 >2x10-14 nuclei
1. nanometer, nm = 10-9 m

Standards Rubric:
Required Elements (followed the instructions) 5 points
Labels (properly labeled and colored) 5 points
Accuracy (clear and correct) 5 points
Impact (attractive and neat) 5 points
Total- 20 points
 Gauge

Activity 1: Wavelength, Frequency and Energy!

Directions: Identify what is being asked in each item. Write your answers
on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Longer Wavelength  INFRARED or GAMMA RAYS

2. Higher Frequency  RADIO WAVES or VISIBLE LIGHT
3. Lower energy  X-RAYS or RADIO WAVES
4. Shorter wavelength  ULTRAVIOLET or RADIO WAVES
5. Lower frequency  MICROWAVES or GAMMA RAYS
6. Higher energy  VISIBLE LIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET
7. Longer wavelength  GAMMA RAYS or MICROWAVES
8. Shorter wavelength  X-RAYS or INFRARED
9. Higher energy  MICROWAVES or X-RAYS
10. Higher frequency  ULTRAVIOLET or INFRARED
11. Longer wavelength  GAMMA WAVES or VISIBLE LIGHT
12. Shorter wavelength  X-RAYS or INFRARED
13. Lower Energy  RADIO WAVES or ULTRAVIOLET
14. Higher frequency  RADIO WAVES or X-RAYS
15. Lower frequency  MICROWAVES or INFRARED

Post-Test

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

____1. Who is the proponent of Electromagnetic Theory and predicted the existence
of electromagnetic waves?
A. André-Marie Ampère C. James Clerk Maxwell
B. Heinrich Hertz D. Michael Faraday
____2. Who verified the existence of electromagnetic waves?
A. André-Marie Ampère C. James Clerk Maxwell
B. Heinrich Hertz D. Michael Faraday
____3. What is induced as electric field keeps on changing according to Maxwell’s
hypothesis?
A. A magnetic field C. An electric field
B. An electric current D. An EMF
____4. Which is TRUE of all electromagnetic waves?
A. They have the same amplitude. C. They have the same wave speed.
B. They have the same frequency. D. They have the same wavelength.
____5. Which has the longest wavelength?
A. Gamma rays B. Microwaves C. Radio waves D. X-rays
____6. Which has the highest frequency?
A. Gamma rays B. Microwaves C. Radio waves D. X-rays
____7. What set of electromagnetic waves is ordered correctly if the EM waves are
arranged according to increasing frequency?
A. Gamma, X-ray, Microwave C. Ultraviolet, Light, Infrared
B. Radio, Light, Gamma D. X-ray, Gamma, Radio
____8. What will be the arrangement of the electromagnetic waves if they will be
arranged according to decreasing wavelength?
A. Gamma ray, X-ray, Visible light, Radio wave
B. Radio wave, Visible light, X-ray, Gamma ray
C. Visible light, X-ray, Radio wave, Gamma ray
D. X-ray, Gamma ray, Visible light, Radio wave
____9. Which two waves lie at the ends of the visible light spectrum?
A. Gamma ray and X-ray C. Microwave and Radio wave
B. Infrared and Ultraviolet D. Radio wave and Gamma Ray
____10. What differentiate/s between infrared and ultraviolet radiation?

I. Color II. Speed in vacuum III. Wavelength

A. I only B. II and III C. III only D. I, II and III

____11. What are the bases of the arrangement of the electromagnetic spectrum?

I. Frequency II. Speed in vacuum III. Wavelength

A. I and II B. II and III C. III and I D. I, II and III

____12. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

I. Infrared and Ultraviolet radiation has the same speed.
II. Radio wave has the lowest energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
III. Violet has a higher frequency than Indigo.
IV. X-ray has a shorter wavelength than Gamma ray.
A. I only C. I, II and III
B. B. I and II D. I, II, III and IV
____13. A certain radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 750 kHz. What is the
wavelength of the radio waves?
A. 40 m B. 400 m C. 4,000 m D. 400,000 m
____14. What is the wavelength λ of a certain EM wave moving in a vacuum with a
frequency of 3x109 Hz.
A. 0.01 m B. 0.1 m C. 1 m D. 10 m
____15. What is the frequency of an EM wave that has a wavelength of 354 m?
A. 8.5x104 Hz B. 8.5x105 Hz C. 8.5x106 Hz D. 8.5x107 Hz

Great job! You are done with this

module.
Answer Key
References
A. Books

 Acosta, Herma D., et al. Science - 10: Learner's Manual. First ed., Department of
Education, Philippines, 2015.
 Evangelista, Eden Vela, et al. Science in Today's World: The New Grade 10. Sibs
Publishing House, Inc., 2015.
 Valdoz, Meliza P., et al. Science Links 10. Rex Printing Company, Inc., 2017.

B. Online Resources
 Electromagnetic Spectrum Drawing.
https://www.cbsd.org/cms/lib/PA01916442/Centricity/Domain/1803/Elec
tromagnetic-Spectrum-Drawing.doc