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Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 1 - Module No: 3
Carbon Compounds

AIRs - LM
Introductory Message
For the Learner

Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module 3!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will enable to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Target This provides you the skills or competencies you

are expected to learn in the learning material..

Jumpstart This introduces the lesson through varied

activities like an activity, games, graphic
organizer, problem opener, song, or a situation.

Discover This gives a brief discussion of the lesson. It

intends to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

Explore This includes activities for independent practice

to intensify your understanding of the topic and to
harness your skills.

Deepen This provides activities which will encourage you

to apply your new knowledge or skills into real life
situations.

Gauge This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the desired learning
competency.

Answer Key An answer key to a test or activities.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.
 Target

Carbon is a special element as it forms an unusually large number of

compounds because of its strong tendency to share electrons and to form covalent
bonds with other elements to attain valence shell (outermost shell) stability. Carbon
is so unique that before we delve on it deeper, we need to learn first about chemical
bonds to understand why it is special. This module will introduce carbon and the
carbon compounds.

This module will provide you with information and activities that will help
you understand the types of chemical bonds and the properties of organic
compounds.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the three main types of chemical bonds: ionic, covalent and metallic;
and
2. describe the properties of organic compounds.

Jumpstart

This activity will enable you to assess your prior

knowledge on types of chemical bonds and the
properties of organic compounds.

Pre-Test/Pre-assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct while
FALSE if it is incorrect. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. The chemical bond is the attractive force that exists between atoms and
holds them together.
2. The three simple bond types are ionic, covalent, and nonmetallic.
3. If the electronegativity difference of two ions is between 0.5 and 1.6, the
bond is considered polar covalent.
4. The ions in metallic bond are held together by a sea of protons.
5. There are two types of covalent bonds, organic and inorganic.

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 6. Covalent bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to
another.
7. Ionic bond joins metal to nonmetal.
8. H2O is an example of metallic bond.
9. Finding the Atomic weight difference is one way to determine bond type.
10.Li2O is an example of ionic bond.
11.Carbon compounds are produced exclusively by living organisms.
12.Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is considered an organic compound.
13.Organic compounds are combustible in nature.
14.One must contain carbon with hydrogen attached to be considered an
organic compound.
15.Organic compounds are mostly insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents.

How did you find the pretest? What was your score? If you got 15 items
correctly, you may not take this module. But if your score is 14 and below, you must
proceed with the module.
Have fun in learning about Carbon Compounds! God bless you!

Discover

Types of Chemical Bonds

 The chemical bond is the attractive force that exists between atoms and
holds them together.
 Chemical bonds are usually classified into three simple types: ionic,
covalent, and metallic.
 Ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between cations (positive
charge ions) and anions (negative charge ions) that occur through complete
transfer of electrons from one atom to another. It joins metal to nonmetal. It
is also called as electrovalent bond.
 Covalent bond involves the sharing of the electrons between the atoms. It
joins nonmetal to nonmetal. There are two types of covalent bonds, polar
and nonpolar. This division is based on electronegativity.
 Metallic bond is a type of chemical bond that join metals to metals. The
metal atoms are ionized, and the ions are held together by a sea of electrons.
The electrons are not localized to a particular ion but are free to move about
within the crystal lattice. The attraction of the cations for the electrons keeps
the crystal intact.
Carbon Compounds
 Carbon compounds are formed through covalent bonds.
 Carbon compounds are also known as organic compounds because scientists
at first thought that carbon compounds were produced exclusively by living
organisms.

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  Later, it was discovered that not all compounds containing carbon are
organic as many of these compounds can be synthesized in a lab or have
been found distinct from organisms. For example, carbon dioxide is an
inorganic compound.
 An organic compound must contain hydrocarbons or carbon bonded to
hydrogen (C-H).
 One important characteristic of carbon is catenation, which is the ability to
form long chains of polymers.

The general characteristics of Organic Compounds include:

 Can be isolated as well as prepared in laboratory
 Comprise almost 90% of all known compounds.
 Mostly built up of only three elements- carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Other
elements like halogen, nitrogen as well as phosphorous are also present but
to a lesser extent.
 Possess complex structures and high molecular weights
 Their properties are decided by certain active atom or group of atoms known
as the functional group.
 They are mostly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
 Most carbon compounds have low reactivity at ordinary temperature but
may react vigorously when heat is applied.
 They are combustible in nature.
 Chemical reactions involving organic compounds proceed at slower rates.

The presence of a covalent bond renders certain characteristics to the organic

compounds. These include:
 Low melting points and boiling points in comparison to the inorganic
compounds.
 Organic acids and bases are less strong and thus they have a limited
dissociation in an aqueous medium.
 They exhibit the phenomenon of isomerism in which a single molecular
formula represents several organic compounds differing in physical and
chemical properties.
 They are volatile in nature.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Activity 1: Connecting the Chemicals

Directions: Identify the chemical bond type (IONIC, COVALENT, OR METALLIC) in
each item. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

e. g. Chlorate [Chlorine (Cl) + Oxygen (O)]  Covalent

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 1. Carbon tetrachloride (C + Cl)  _______________________
2. Red Gold (Au + Cu)  _______________________
3. Bronze (Cu + Sn)  _______________________
4. Hydrogen Peroxide (H + O)  _______________________
5. Calcium Chloride (Ca + Cl)  _______________________
6. Glucose (C + H + O)  _______________________
7. Manganate (Mn + O)  _______________________
8. Brass (Cu + Zn)  _______________________
9. Lithium Oxide (Li + O)  _______________________
10.Potassium Bromide (K + Br)  _______________________
11.Titanium Phosphide (Ti + P)  _______________________
12. Amalgam (Hg + other metals)  _______________________
13.Gold (III) Iodide (Au + I)  _______________________
14.Hydrochloric Acid (H + Cl)  _______________________
15.Sodium Hydroxide (Na + OH)  _______________________

Chemical bond type can be also determined through finding the

electronegativity difference between ions. Electronegativity is a measure of the
tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. This is helpful especially
if you want to determine if a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar. Discover it by
completing the activity below.

Activity 2: The Bond and The Electronegativity

What You Need: Periodic Table of Elements, pen, and pad paper
What You Have To Do:
1. Read and analyze the “Rules in Determining the Chemical Bond Type using
Electronegativity” below.
2. Using a Periodic Table of Elements, locate the electronegativity of an element
under Key Information.
3. After determining the electronegativity of the elements involved, find their
difference.
4. Then identify the bond type (IONIC, POLAR COVALENT, or NONPOLAR
COVALENT) present in each item using these rules. Use a separate sheet for
your answers.

Rules in Determining the Chemical Bond Type using Electronegativity

(Note: This rule varies according to reference. Textbooks typically use a maximum
difference of 0.2 - 0.5 to indicate nonpolar covalent.)
1. If the electronegativity difference (usually called ΔEN) is less than 0.5, then
the bond is nonpolar covalent.
2. If the ΔEN is between 0.5 and 1.6, the bond is considered polar covalent
3. If the ΔEN is greater than 2.0, then the bond is ionic.
4. If the ΔEN is between 1.6 and 2.0 and if a metal is involved, then the bond
is considered ionic. If only nonmetals are involved, the bond is considered
polar covalent.

Example: The electronegativity of Hydrogen is 2.1 while Oxygen is 3.5. Their ΔEN
is 1.4 (3.5-2.1=1.4). Following the rules, the bond type between them is Polar
Covalent.

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 ΔEN Chemical Bond
e.g. Hydrogen (2.1) and Oxygen (3.5) 1.4 Polar Covalent
1. Calcium and Nitrogen
2. Oxygen and Sulfur
3. Sodium and Bromine
4. Silver and Fluorine
5. Nitrogen and Fluorine
6. Phosphorus and Selenium
7. Hydrogen and Iodine
8. Potassium and Oxygen
9. Carbon and Chlorine
10. Titanium and Oxygen
11.Nitrogen and Oxygen
12.Phosphorus and Fluorine
13.Iron and Oxygen
14.Cobalt and Fluorine
15. Magnesium and Hydrogen

Activity 3: Carbon Compounds! Fact or Bluff?!

Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write FACT if the statement is
correct otherwise, BLUFF if it is incorrect. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. Carbon compounds are also known as organic compounds.

2. Carbon can form long chains of polymers through covalent bonding.
3. Organic compounds can be artificially prepared.
4. Functional groups determine certain properties of organic compounds.
5. Organic compounds cannot be dissolved in water.
6. Organic compounds cannot be burned or combusted.
7. Chemical reactions involving organic compounds proceed at slower rates.
8. Organic compounds have higher melting points and boiling points than
inorganic compounds.
9. Organic compounds evaporate easily in normal temperature.
10.Most of organic compounds are mainly composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and
other metallic elements.

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 Deepen

Activity 1: Chemical Crossword

Directions: Read each item carefully then fill in the appropriate terms. Use a
separate sheet of paper and write only your answer.

4 5

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Across Down
3. Easily evaporated at normal 1. The ability to form long chains of
temperatures. polymers.
7. Chemical bond type mainly present in 2. Term for certain active atom or group
organic compounds. of atoms that determines the properties
8. Another term for ionic bond. of organic compounds.
9. Main element in organic compounds. 4. The attractive force that exists between
10. A bond type where metals donate atoms and holds them together.
their electrons completely to nonmetals. 5. A bond type that is known as sharing
of electrons between nonmetals.
6. A bond type that holds metals together
by a "sea of electrons".

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 Gauge

Post-test/Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. Which of the following refers to the attractive force that exists between atoms
and holds them together?
A. Atomic bond C. Electron bond
B. Chemical bond D. Nuclear bond
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond?
A. Ionic B. Covalent C. Gravitational D. Metallic
3. What is the main element present in organic compounds?
A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Sulfur
4. What does covalent bond joins together?
A. Metal to Metalloid C. Metals
B. Metal to Nonmetal D. Nonmetals
5. In metallic bond, what holds the ions together?
A. Sea of electrons C. Sea of nucleus
B. Sea of neutrons D. Sea of protons
6. Which of the following compounds shows ionic bonding?
A. BeO B. CO3 C. H2O D. NSe
7. Gwyneth is trying to determine the type of bond that exist in the compound CO2
using electronegativity difference. What chemical bond type will occur if the
electronegativity of Carbon is 2.5 and Oxygen is 3.5?
A. Ionic bond C. Nonpolar covalent bond
B. Metallic bond D. Polar covalent bond
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Carbon Compounds?
A. They are mostly soluble in water.
B. They are exclusively formed by living things.
C. They have high melting points and boiling points.
D. They can be isolated as well as prepared in laboratory.
9. Ionic compounds are characterized by what type of bonding?
A. Complete transfer of electrons C. Sea of electrons
B. Hydrogen connection D. Sharing of electrons
10. What chemical bond type will occur if the electronegativity of Lithium is 1.0 and
Oxygen is 3.5?
A. Ionic bond C. Nonpolar covalent bond
B. Metallic bond D. Polar covalent bond
11. Which of the following is an example of organic compounds?
A. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) C. Carbon Sulfide (CS2)

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 B. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) D. Glucose (C6H12O6)
12. If the electronegativity difference between two ions is less than 0.5, what bond
type will the compound exhibits?
A. Ionic bond C. Nonpolar covalent bond
B. Metallic bond D. Polar covalent bond
13. Can we consider calcium cyanate (CNO) as organic compound?
A. Yes, as it contains carbon.
B. Yes, as it contains oxygen.
C. No, as it does not contain sulfur.
D. No, as it does not contain hydrogen.
14. What type of chemical bonding is represented in the
figure on the right?
A. Ionic bond
B. Metallic bond
C. Nonpolar covalent bond
D. Polar covalent bond
15. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about chemical bonds?
I. Elements that form a covalent bond share electron between them.
II. A complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another occurs in ionic
bonding.
III. Metallic bond consists of the attraction of the free-floating valence
electrons for the positively charged metal ions.
IV. Ionic bond can occur either between metal and non-metal or between two
non-metals.
A. I only C. I, II and III
B. I and II D. I, II, III and IV

How was the Assessment? What was your score? Congratulations if you got 12 to 15
items correctly. If your score is below 12, you must review the parts of the lesson that you did not
understand well. You may also ask your teacher/facilitator for further explanation of these parts.

Great job! You are done with this

module.

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 Answer Key

Jumpstart: Pre-test/Pre-assessment

Explore:
Activity 1: Connecting the Chemicals

Activity 2: The Bond and The Electronegativity

Activity 3: Carbon Compounds! Fact or Bluff?!

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Deepen: Activity 1: Chemical Crossword

Gauge: Post-test/Assessment

References
A. Books
 Echija, Elena C., et al., editors. Science and Technology for the Future III. Diwa
Scholastic Press Inc, 2003.

B. Online Resources
 “Difference Between Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonds with Detailed
Comparison.” BYJUS, BYJU'S, 13 Aug. 2020, byjus.com/chemistry/difference-
between-ionic-covalent-and-metallic-bonds/.
 “Electronegativity: Classifying Bond Type.” The ChemTeam,
www.chemteam.info/Bonding/Electroneg-Bond-Polarity.html.
 “General Introduction to Organic Compounds: Properties,Uses with Videos.” Toppr,
24 June 2020, www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry/general-
introduction-organic-compounds/.
 Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What You Should Know About Carbon Compounds.”
ThoughtCo, Dotdash Publishing Family, 30 July 2018, www.thoughtco.com/carbon-
compounds-what-you-should-know-4123856.

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