UNIVERSIDAD DEL MAGDALENA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
PROGRAMA: INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA
RESUMEN DE FÓRMULAS
PRIMER MOMENTO - 2023
MATERIAL DE ESTUDIO. VECTORES Y ESCALARES.

𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠: ⃗𝑨 + ⃗𝑩

⃗ = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑖 𝒖
⃗𝒊 ⃗𝑨 − ⃗𝑩
⃗ = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑖 𝒖
⃗𝒊

⃗ = 𝑘𝐴𝑖 𝒖
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟: 𝑘𝑨 ⃗𝒊

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜: ⃗𝑨 ∙ ⃗𝑩

⃗ = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐴𝐵

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜: ⃗𝑨 ∙ ⃗𝑩

⃗ = 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑧

⃗ ∙𝑩
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎: 𝑨 ⃗⃗ = 𝑩
⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑨
⃗

⃗ ∙ (𝑩
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎: 𝑨 ⃗)= 𝑨
⃗⃗ + 𝑪 ⃗ ∙𝑩
⃗⃗ + 𝑨 ⃗
⃗ ∙𝑪

⃗ ∙𝑨
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 ∶ 𝑨 ⃗ =𝑨
⃗ 2=𝐾

⃗⃗ 1,2 = 𝑃
𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
1 𝑃2 = 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹1

⃗⃗ 1,2 | = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )2

𝐿𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎: 𝑑 = |𝑹

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑧: ⃗𝑨 × ⃗𝑩

⃗ = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝐴𝐵 𝒏
̂

𝑆𝑖 ⃗𝑨 = 𝐴𝑥 𝒖𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦 𝒖𝑦 + 𝐴𝑧 𝒖𝑧 𝑦 ⃗𝑩
⃗ = 𝐵𝑥 𝒖𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 𝒖𝑦 + 𝐵𝑧 𝒖𝑧 ,

𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑡é𝑐𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒

𝒖𝑥 𝒖𝑦 𝒖𝑧
⃗ = |𝐴𝑥
⃗𝑨 × ⃗𝑩 𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝑧 | = (𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 )𝒖𝑥 + (𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 )𝒖𝑦 + (𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 )𝒖𝑧 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝐵𝑥 𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝑧

⃗ ×𝑩
𝐸𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑧 𝑁𝑂 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜: 𝑨 ⃗⃗ ≠ 𝑩
⃗⃗ × 𝑨
⃗ = −𝑩
⃗⃗ × 𝑨
⃗

⃗ × (𝑩
𝐸𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑧 𝑁𝑂 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜: 𝑨 ⃗ ) ≠ (𝑨
⃗⃗ × 𝑪 ⃗ ×𝑩 ⃗
⃗⃗ ) × 𝑪

⃗⃗ + ⃗𝑪) = ⃗𝑨 × ⃗𝑩
𝐸𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑧 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜: ⃗𝑨 × (𝑩 ⃗ + ⃗𝑨 × ⃗𝑪

⃗⃗ × ⃗𝑪) = ⃗𝑩
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟: ⃗𝑨 ∙ (𝑩 ⃗ × ⃗𝑨) = ⃗𝑪 ∙ (𝑨
⃗ ∙ (𝑪 ⃗ × ⃗𝑩
⃗)

𝑺𝑰𝑺𝑻𝑬𝑴𝑨𝑺 𝑫𝑬 𝑪𝑶𝑶𝑹𝑫𝑬𝑵𝑨𝑫𝑨𝑺 𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑶𝑮𝑶𝑵𝑨𝑳𝑬𝑺. 𝐷𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖:

𝐴. 𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛 á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝐵. 𝑆𝑢 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜

COORDENADAS RECTANGULARES O CARTESIANAS: 𝒖𝑥 𝒖𝑦 𝒖𝑧

⃗ = 𝐴𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐴𝑧 ⃗
𝑨 𝑘

⃗𝑩
⃗ = 𝐵𝑥 𝑖 + 𝐵𝑦 𝑗 + 𝐵𝑧 ⃗
𝑘

⃗ +𝑩
𝑨 ⃗⃗ = (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥)𝑖 + (𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑥)𝑗 + (𝐴𝑧 + 𝐵𝑧)𝑘

̂∙𝒙
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜. 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒙 ̂=𝒚
̂∙𝒚
̂ = 𝒛̂ ∙ 𝒛̂ = 1 → 𝒙
̂∙𝒚
̂=𝒚
̂ ∙ 𝒛̂ = 𝒛̂ ∙ 𝒙 ̂∙𝒌
̂ = 0 ⋯ 𝒊̂ ∙ 𝒊̂ = 𝒋̂ ∙ 𝒋̂ = 𝒌 ̂=1
 ̂×𝒚
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑧. 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒙 ̂ = 𝒛̂ ̂ × 𝒛̂ = 𝒙
𝒚 ̂ ̂=𝒚
𝒛̂ ∙ 𝒙 ̂

̂ = −𝒛̂
̂×𝒙
𝒚 𝒛̂ × 𝒚
̂ = −𝒙
̂ 𝒙
̂ ∙ 𝒛̂ = −𝒚
̂ → 𝒙
̂×𝒙
̂=𝒚
̂×𝒚
̂ = 𝒛̂ × 𝒛̂ = 𝟎

⃗ | = 𝐴 = √𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐴2𝑦 + 𝐴2𝑧

𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟(𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟): |𝑨

⃗𝑨
𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜: 𝒖𝐴 =
|𝑨⃗|

𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑧.

𝐹𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑧
𝛼 = cos−1 ( ) 𝛽 = cos −1 ( ) 𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
⃗|
|𝑭 ⃗|
|𝑭 ⃗|
|𝑭

⃗𝑨 ∙ ⃗𝑩
⃗
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠: cos =
|𝑨⃗ ||𝑩
⃗⃗ |

𝟐 𝟐
|𝑨 ⃗ | = √|𝐴| + |𝐵
⃗ + ⃗𝑩 ⃗ | + 2|𝐴||𝐴| ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

⃗𝑨 · ⃗𝑩
⃗ = 𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

⃗𝑨 × ⃗𝑩
⃗ = 𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃

[𝑨 ⃗ , ⃗𝑪] = ⃗𝑨 · (𝑩
⃗ , ⃗𝑩 ⃗⃗ × ⃗𝑪) = ⃗𝑩 ⃗ × ⃗𝑨) = ⃗𝑪 · (𝑨
⃗ · (𝑪 ⃗ × ⃗𝑩
⃗)

𝐴𝑥 𝐴𝑦 𝐴𝑧
⃗⃗ × ⃗𝑪) = [ 𝐵𝑥
⃗𝑨 · (𝑩 𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝑧 ]
𝐶𝑥 𝐶𝑦 𝐶𝑧

⃗ × (𝑩
𝑨 ⃗) = 𝑩
⃗⃗ × 𝑪 ⃗⃗ (𝑨 ⃗ )−𝑪
⃗ ·𝑪 ⃗ (𝑨
⃗ ·𝑩
⃗⃗ )

⃗ ·𝒖
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑨 ⃗𝑩
⃗
𝑨 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶𝑧
⃗ 𝑩 = (𝑨
𝑨 ⃗ ·𝒖
⃗ 𝑩 )𝒖
⃗𝑩 ⃗𝐴=
𝒖 =
|𝐴|
√𝐴2𝑥 + 𝐴2𝑦 + 𝐴2𝑧

⃗ | = 𝐴 = √𝐴2𝑖 = √𝐴12 + 𝐴22 + 𝐴23 = √𝐴2𝑥 + 𝐴2𝑦 + 𝐴2𝑧

|𝑨

𝑅𝐸𝐿𝐴𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁𝐸𝑆 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴 𝑇𝑅𝐴𝑁𝑆𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀𝐴𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁 𝐷𝐸 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅𝐷𝐸𝑁𝐴𝐷𝐴𝑆

+ 𝑦
𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑙í𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎: 𝜌 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝜙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑧=𝑧
𝑥
𝐶𝑖𝑙í𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠: 𝑥 = 𝜌 cos 𝜙 𝑦 = 𝜌 sin 𝜙 𝑧=𝑧
𝑧
𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝐸𝑠𝑓é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠: 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 [ ] 𝜙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦⁄𝑥 )
𝑟
𝐸𝑠𝑓é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠: 𝑥 = 𝑅 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝑦 = 𝑅 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 𝑧 = 𝑅 cos 𝜃
 COORDENADAS CILÍNDRICAS
⃗ 𝝆 + 𝐴𝜙 𝒖
𝐴 = 𝐴𝜌 𝒖 ⃗ 𝝓 + 𝐴𝑧 𝒖
⃗𝒛

⃗ 𝝆·𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝝆 =𝒖
⃗ 𝝓·𝒖
⃗𝝓 = 𝒖
⃗ 𝒛·𝒖
⃗𝒛 = 1

⃗ 𝝆·𝒖
𝒖 ⃗ 𝝓 =𝒖
⃗ 𝝆·𝒖
⃗𝒛 = 𝒖
⃗ 𝝓·𝒖
⃗𝒛 =0

⃗ 𝝆×𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝝓=𝒖
⃗𝒛

⃗ 𝝓×𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝒛=𝒖
⃗𝝆

⃗ 𝒛×𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝝆=𝒖
⃗𝝓

COORDENADAS ESFÉRICAS

⃗ 𝒓 + 𝐴𝜃 𝒖
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟 𝒖 ⃗ 𝜽 + 𝐴𝜙 𝒖
⃗𝜙

⃗ 𝒓·𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝒓=𝒖
⃗ 𝜽∙𝒖
⃗𝜽=𝒖
⃗ 𝝓·𝒖
⃗𝝓 = 1

⃗ 𝒓·𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝜽=𝒖
⃗ 𝜽∙𝒖
⃗𝝓=𝒖
⃗ 𝝓·𝒖
⃗𝒓 = 0

⃗ 𝒓·𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝜽=𝒖
⃗𝝓

⃗ 𝜽∙𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝝓=𝒖
⃗𝒓

⃗ 𝝓·𝒖
𝒖 ⃗𝒓=𝒖
⃗𝜽

⃗ 𝑖𝑑𝒍𝑖 = 𝒖
𝑑𝒍 = 𝒖 ⃗ 𝟏 𝑑𝑥1 + 𝒖
⃗ 𝟐 𝑑𝑥2 + 𝒖
⃗ 𝟑 𝑑𝑥3

⃗ 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 𝒂
𝑑𝒍 = 𝑑𝑥 𝒂 ⃗ 𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 𝒂
⃗𝑧

⃗ 𝜌 + 𝜌𝑑𝜙 𝒂
𝑑𝒍 = 𝑑𝜌 𝒂 ⃗ 𝜙 + 𝑑𝑧 𝒂
⃗𝑧

⃗ 𝑟 + 𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝒂
𝑑𝒍 = 𝑑𝑟 𝒂 ⃗ 𝜃 + 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝒂
⃗𝜙

⃗ =𝒖
𝑑𝑺 ⃗ 𝒏 𝑑𝑆 = 𝒖
⃗ 𝒏 𝑑𝑥𝑖 𝑑𝑥𝑗

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝒂⃗𝑥 𝜌𝑑𝜙𝑑𝑧 𝒂⃗ 𝜌 (𝜌 𝑐𝑡𝑒) 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃 𝒂

⃗𝑟
⃗ = { 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝒂
𝑑𝑺 ⃗𝑦 ⃗ 𝜙 (𝜙 𝑐𝑡𝑒) 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜙 𝒂
𝑑𝜌𝑑𝑧 𝒂 ⃗ 𝜃}
⃗𝑧
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝒂 𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜙 𝒂⃗ 𝑧 (𝑧 𝑐𝑡𝑒) ⃗𝜙
𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝒂

𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑥1 ∗ 𝑑𝑥2 ∗ 𝑑𝑥3

 𝑑𝑥 ∗ 𝑑𝑦 ∗ 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑉 = { 𝜌 ∗ 𝑑𝜌 ∗ 𝑑𝜑 ∗ 𝑑𝑧 }
2
𝑅 sin 𝜃 ∗ 𝑑𝑅 ∗ 𝑑𝜃 ∗ 𝑑𝜑

+
𝜌 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑝̂ = 𝑥̂ cos 𝜙 + 𝑦̂ sin 𝜙 𝐴𝜌 = 𝐴𝑥 cos 𝜙 + 𝐴𝑦 sin 𝜙
𝜙 = −𝑥̂ sin 𝜙 + 𝑦̂ cos 𝜙 𝐴𝜙 = −𝐴𝑥 sin 𝜙 + 𝐴𝑦 cos 𝜙
𝜙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑧̂ = 𝑧̂ 𝐴𝜁 = 𝐴𝜁
𝑦
𝑧=𝑧
𝑥 = 𝜌 cos 𝜙 𝑥̂ = 𝑟̂ cos 𝜙 − 𝜙 sin 𝜙 𝐴𝑥 = 𝐴𝑟 cos 𝜙 − 𝐴𝜙 sin 𝜙
𝑦 = 𝜌 sin 𝜙 𝑦̂ = 𝑟̂ sin 𝜙 + 𝜙 cos 𝜙 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟 sin 𝜙 − 𝐴𝜙 sin 𝜙
𝜁=𝜁 𝑧̂ = 𝑧̂ 𝐴𝜁 = 𝐴𝜁
+
𝑅 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝜁 2 𝑅̂ 𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑥 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙
+ = 𝑥̂ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 + 𝐴𝑦 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 + 𝐴𝜁 cos 𝜃
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ⁄𝜁 ]
+ 𝑦 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 + 𝑧̂ cos 𝜃 𝐴𝜃 = 𝐴𝑥 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙
𝜙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦⁄𝑥) 𝜃̂ + 𝐴𝑦 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙 − 𝐴𝜁 sin 𝜃
= 𝑥̂ cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝐴𝜙 = −𝐴𝑥 sin 𝜙 + 𝐴𝑦 cos 𝜙
+ 𝑦̂ cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙 − 𝑧̂ sin 𝜃
𝜙̂ = −𝑥̂ sin 𝜃 + 𝑦̂ cos 𝜙
𝑥 = 𝑅 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝑥̂ 𝐴𝑥 = 𝐴𝑟 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 + 𝐴 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙
𝑦 = 𝑅 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 = 𝑅̂ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙 − 𝐴𝜙 sin 𝜙
𝜁 = 𝑅 cos 𝜃 + 𝜃̂ cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 − 𝜙 sin 𝜙 𝐴𝑦 = 𝐴𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 + 𝐴𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙
𝑦̂ + 𝐴𝜙 cos 𝜙
= 𝑅̂ sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙 𝐴𝜁 = 𝐴𝑅 cos 𝜃 − 𝐴𝜃 sin 𝜃
+ 𝜃̂ cos 𝜃 sin 𝜙 + 𝜙 sin 𝜙
𝑧̂ = 𝑅̂ cos 𝜃 − 𝜃̂ sin 𝜃
+
𝑅 = √𝜌2 + 𝜁 2 𝑅̂ = 𝑟̂ sin 𝜃 + 𝑧̂ cos 𝜃 𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑟 sin 𝜃 + 𝐴𝜁 cos 𝜃
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (/𝜁) 𝜃̂ = 𝑟̂ cos 𝜃 − 𝑧̂ sin 𝜃 𝐴𝜃 = 𝐴𝑟 cos 𝜃 − 𝐴𝜁 sin 𝜃
𝜙=𝜙 𝜙̂ = 𝜙̂ 𝐴𝜙 = 𝐴𝜙
𝜌 = 𝑅 sin 𝜃 𝜌̂ = 𝑅̂ sin 𝜃 + 𝜃̂ cos 𝜃 𝐴𝜌 = 𝐴𝑅 sin 𝜃 + 𝐴𝜁 cos 𝜃
𝜙=𝜙 𝜙̂ = 𝜙̂ 𝐴𝜙 = 𝐴𝜙
𝜁 = 𝑅 cos 𝜃 𝑧̂ = 𝑅̂ cos 𝜃 − 𝜃̂ sin 𝜃 𝐴𝜁 = 𝐴𝑟 cos 𝜃 − 𝐴𝜃 sin 𝜃

FUERZA ENTRE CARGAS ELECTRICAS – LEY DE COULOMB

𝑁
𝑄1 𝑄2 (𝒓2 − 𝒓1 ) 𝑄 𝑄𝐾 (𝒓 − 𝒓𝐾 )
𝐹12 = 𝐹= ∑
4𝜋𝜀0 |𝒓2 − 𝒓1 |3 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝒓 − 𝒓𝐾 |3
𝐾=1

INTENSIDAD DE CAMPO ELECTRICO

𝑁
𝑭 1 𝑄𝐾 (𝒓 − 𝒓𝐾 )
𝑬= 𝑬= ∑
𝑄 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝒓 − 𝒓𝐾 |3
𝐾=1

CAMPO ELECTRICO DEBIDO A

DISTRIBUCIONES CONTINUA DE CARGAS

𝑄 = ∫𝐿 𝜌𝐿 𝑑𝑙 (CARGA DE LINEA)
 𝑄 = ∫𝑆 𝜌𝑆 𝑑𝑆 (CARGA SUPERFICIAL)

𝑄 = ∫𝑉 𝜌𝑉 𝑑𝑉 (CARGA VOLUMETRICA)
𝜌 𝑑𝑙
𝑬 = ∫ 4𝜋𝜀𝐿 ⃗
2 𝒖𝒓 (CARGA DE LINEA)
0𝑅

𝜌 𝑑𝑠
𝑬 = ∫ 4𝜋𝜀𝑆 ⃗
2 𝒖𝒓 (CARGA SUPERFICIAL)
0𝑅

𝜌𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑬=∫ ⃗
𝒖 (CARGA VOLUMETRICA)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2 𝒓

DENSIDAD DE FLUJO ELECTRICO

𝑫 = 𝜀𝟎 𝑬 Ψ = ∫ 𝑫. 𝑑𝑆

POTENCIAL ELECTRICO
𝐵 𝐵
𝑊
𝑊 = −𝑄 ∫ 𝑬 ∙ 𝑑𝒍 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = = − ∫ 𝑬 ∙ 𝑑𝒍
𝐴 𝑄 𝐴

𝑉 = − ∫ 𝑬. 𝑑𝑙 + 𝐶

𝑄 1 1 𝑄
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = [ − ] 𝑉=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐵 𝑟𝐴 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
𝑛
𝑄 1 𝑄𝐾
𝑉(𝑟) = 𝑉(𝑟) = ∑
4𝜋𝜀0 |𝒓 − 𝒓′ | 4𝜋𝜀0 |𝒓 − 𝒓𝒌 |
𝐾=1

𝟏 𝜌𝐿 (𝒓′ )𝑑𝑙′ 𝟏 𝜌𝑆 (𝒓′ )𝑑𝑆′

𝑉(𝒓) = ∫ 𝑉(𝒓) = ∫
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑳 𝒓 − 𝒓′ | 𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑺 |𝒓 − 𝒓′ |

𝟏 𝜌𝑉 (𝒓′ )𝑑𝑉′
𝑉(𝒓) = ∫
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑽 |𝒓 − 𝒓′ |

ECUACIONES DE MAXWELL DIFERENCIAL

𝛁 ∙ 𝑫 = 𝜌𝑣 𝛁∙𝑩=0
𝛁×𝑬=0 𝛁×𝑯=𝐽

LEY DE GAUSS--ECUACION DE MAXWELL

𝑄 = ∮ 𝑫. 𝑑𝒔 = ∫ 𝝆𝒗 𝒅𝒗 𝜌𝑣 = ∇. 𝑫
𝑆 𝒗

RELACION ENTRE E y V--ECUACION DE MAXWELL

∮ 𝑬 𝑑𝒍 = 0 ∇ × 𝑬=0 𝑬 = −𝛁𝑉

DENSIDAD DE ENERGIA EN CAMPO ELECTROESTATICO

𝑛
1
𝑊𝐸 = ∑ 𝑄𝐾 𝑉𝐾
2
𝐾=1
 1
𝑊𝐸 = 2 ∫ 𝜌𝐿 𝑉𝑑𝑙 (CARGA DE LINEA)
1
𝑊𝐸 = ∫ 𝜌𝑠 𝑉𝑑𝑆 (CARGA SUPERFICIAL)
2

(CARGA VOLUMETRICA)
1 1 1
𝑊𝐸 = ∫ 𝜌𝑉 𝑉𝑑𝑣 ó 𝑊𝐸 = ∫𝑉 𝑫. 𝑬 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝜀0 |𝑬|𝟐 𝒅𝒗
2 2 2

CORRIENTE Y DENSIDAD DE CORRIENTE

𝑱 = 𝜌𝑉 𝒖 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑱. 𝑑𝑺
𝑆

GRADIENTE DE UN CAMPO ESCALAR

𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
𝛁𝑉 = ⃗ 𝒙+
𝒖 ⃗𝒚+
𝒖 ⃗
𝒖
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝒛
𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
𝛁𝑉 = ⃗ 𝝆+
𝒖 ⃗ 𝝓+
𝒖 ⃗
𝒖
𝜕𝜌 𝜌 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧 𝒛
𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉
𝛁𝑉 = ⃗ 𝒓+
𝒖 ⃗ 𝜽+
𝒖 ⃗
𝒖
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝝓
DIVERGENCIA
𝜕𝐴𝑥 𝜕𝐴𝑦 𝜕𝐴𝑧
⃗𝛁 ∙ ⃗𝑨 = + +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

1 𝜕𝜌𝐴𝜌 1 𝜕𝐴𝜑 𝜕𝐴𝑍

⃗ ∙𝑨
𝛁 ⃗ = + +
𝜌 𝜕𝜌 𝜌 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑍

1 𝜕𝑟 2 𝐴𝑟 1 𝜕𝐴𝜃 sin 𝜃 1 𝜕𝐴𝜑

⃗ ∙𝑨
𝛁 ⃗ = + +
𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜑

ROTACIONAL
𝜕𝐴𝑧 𝜕𝐴𝑦 𝜕𝐴𝑥 𝜕𝐴𝑧 𝜕𝐴𝑦 𝜕𝐴𝑥
⃗ ×𝑨
𝛁 ⃗ =[ − ⃗ 𝒙−[
]𝒖 − ⃗ 𝒚+[
]𝒖 − ⃗𝒛
]𝒖
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

1 𝜕𝐴𝑧 𝜕𝐴𝜙 𝜕𝐴𝜌 𝜕𝐴𝑧 1 𝜕(𝜌𝐴𝜙 ) 𝜕𝐴𝜌

⃗𝛁 × ⃗𝑨 = [ − ⃗ 𝝆+|
]𝒖 − ⃗ 𝝓+ |
|𝒖 − ⃗
|𝒖
𝜕 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝜌 𝜌 𝜕𝜌 𝜕𝜙 𝒛

1 𝜕(𝐴𝜙 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃) 𝜕𝐴𝜙

⃗𝛁 × ⃗𝑨 = | − ⃗𝒓
|𝒖
𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜙

1 1 𝜕𝐴𝑟 𝜕(𝑟𝐴𝜙 ) 1 𝜕(𝑟𝐴𝜃 ) 𝜕𝐴𝑟

+ | − ⃗ 𝜽+ |
|𝒖 − ⃗𝝓
|𝒖
𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃