DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ON PED4  Computer literacy – Skill in using computers and digital technology

 Statistical literacy – Ability to understand and reason with statistics and data
Globalization - The term “globalization” encompasses a number of things, including  Critical literacy – Ability to find embedded discrimination in media.
economics, culture, politics, and education. Globalization in education refers to the increasing  Media literacy – Analyses regarding production agenda, representation,
mobility of students and teachers for educators to be more inclusive. propaganda, censorship, bias.
 Ecological literacy – Ability to understand natural systems and their interactions
Understanding globalization in education requires a broader perspective, one that looks at  Disaster literacy – Ability to understand the causes and survival skills during natural
local and global influences in a unified way. Teachers need to widen their cross-cultural skill or man-made disasters
set, and school leaders policies in order to respond to these global impact changes.
 Health literacy – Ability to understand health care information
 Linguistic literacy – i.e. language
International global education is a catalyst for leading change around the world, and there are
L global educators who have the right skills in multiculturalism. One of the key challenges in  Social literacy – Literacy gained through social interactions
supporting international teaching in higher education to prepare the students in the shrinking  Quantitative literacy aka numeracy – Ability to apply numerical concepts
world. In order to maintain international relations and help future professionals establish  Visual literacy – the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from
important multicultural studies are essential for the curriculum. presented in the form of an image, e.g. body language, pictures, maps, and video.
Information
Some big benefits of globalization in education include greater awareness of other cultures,
between nations, reduced discrimination and racism, the spread of technology and THE 21ST CENTURY LEARNERS
innovation, and higher standards in education.
Understanding 21st Century Learners. Today’s students are referred to as “digital natives”,
A simple globalization definition: it means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of while educators as “digital immigrants” (Prensky, 2001). They react, are random holistic and
human beings, goods and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the non-linear. Their predominant senses are motion and touch. They learn through experience
planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions and learn differently. Digital immigrants often, reflect, are sequential, and linear. Their
between different regions and populations around the globe. predominant senses are hearing and seeing. They tend to intellectualize and believe the
learning is constant. (Hawkins and Graham, 1994)
An official definition of globalization by the WHO: “the increased interconnectedness and
interdependence of peoples and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter- Schools and teachers should use a variety of applied skills, multiple technologies, and new
related elements: the opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, ways of analyzing and processing information, while also taking initiative, thinking creatively,
services, finance, peoples and ideas; and the changes in institutions and policies at national planning out the process and working collaboratively in teams with other students.
and international levels that facilitate or promote such flows.”
More so, schools may allow students to pursue althernatives in which students can earn
Literacy is simply defined in the dictionary as “the ability to read and write”. academic merits and satisfy graduation requirements by completing an internship,
apprenticeship or volunteer experience. Teachers should practice teaching cross-disciplinary
Literacy in the broadest sense describes “particular ways of thinking about and doing reading skills in related courses, such as integrating research methods in various disciplines;
and writing” with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form articulating technical scientific concepts in verbal, written, and graphic forms; presenting
in some specific context of use. In other words, humans in literate societies have sets of laboratory reports to a pool of specialists, or use emerging technologies and multimedia
practices. In 2003, Adult Literacy in USA included “qualitative literacy” (numeracy) or using applications as an extension of an assigned project.
arithmetic operations. In 2018, UNESCO includes “printed and written materials” and “varying
context” in the definition of literacy. The ability to use printed and written information to A PAARADIGM SHIFT FOR 21ST EDUCATION
function in society, to achieve one’s goals and to develop one’s knowledge and potential.
Before 21st Century Education 21st Century Education
As of 2021, the International Literacy Association, USA includes “audible materials”, across Time-based Outcome-based
disciplines” and “in any context” in its definition of literacy; i.e. “the ability to identify, Focus: memorization of discrete facts Focus: what students know. Can Do and
understand, interpret,, create, compute, and communicate using viual, audible, and digital Are Like after all the details and forgotten.
materials across disciplines and in any context”. Lower order thinking skills in Bloom’s Higher order thinking skills (metacognition),
Taxonomy, such as knowledge and such as application, analysis, synthesis,
Multiliteracies has gained currency, particularly in English Language Arts curricula, on the comprehension and evaluation
grounds that reading “is interative and informative, and occurs in ever increasingly Textbook-driven Research-driven
technological settints where nformation is part of spatial, audio, and visual patterns (Rhodes Passive learning Active learning.
and Robnolt, 2009. Learners work in isolation and confined in Learners work collaboratively with
the classroom (walled classroom). classmates and others around the world
Beginning 1940, the term literacy has often been used to mean knowledge or skill in a (global classroom).
particular field (new literacies) such as:
 Teacher-centered: teacher is dispenser of Student-centered: teacher is 6. Flexible
knowledge, information and attention. facilitator/coach of students’ learning. 7. Creative problem solver
Little to no student freedom. Great deal of student freedom. 8. Critical thinker
“Discipline problems” – No trust between No “discipline problems” – Students and 9. Has a passion for excellent teaching
educators and students. Little student teachers have mutual respect and 10. High Emotional Quotient (EQ)
motivation. relationship as co-learners. High student
motivation.
Fragmented curriculum Integrated and interdisciplinary curriculum
Grades taken from formal assessment Grades are based on students’
measures entered in class record for performance as evidence of learning
reporting purposes outcomes.
Assessment is for marking purposes and Assessment is important aspect of
placed as part of lesson plan structure. instruction to gauge learning outcome.
Low expectations. What students receive is High expectations that students succeed in
what they get. learning to high extent.
Teacher is judge. No one else sees Self, peer and others serve as evaluators of
student work. Outputs are assessed using student learning using wide range of
structured metrics. metrics and authentic assessments.
Curriculum is irrelevant and meaningless to Curriculum is connected to students’
the students. interests, experiences, talents and the real
world.
Print is the primary vehicle of learning and Performances, projects and multiple forms
assessment. of media re used for learning and
assessment.
Student diversity is ignored Curriculum and instruction address student
diversity.
Students just follow orders and instructions Students are empowered to lead and
while listening to teacher’s lecture. initiate while creating solutions and solving
problems.
Literacy is the 3 R’s (reading, writing, Multiple literacies of 21st century aligned to
rithmetic). living working in an globalized new society..
Factory model, based upon the needs of Global model based upon the needs of a
employers for the Industrial Age of the 19th globalized high-tech society.
Century.

EIGHT ATTRIBUTES OF 21ST CENTURY EDUCATION: (EXPLAIN THE IMPLICATIONS)

1. Integrated and Interdisciplinary.
2. Technologies and Multimedia.
3. Global Classrooms.
4. Creating/Adapting to Constant personal and Social Change and Lifelong Learning
5. Student-Centered
6. 21st Century Skills
7. Project-Based and Research Driven.
8. Relevant, Rigorous and Real World

CHARACTERISTICS OF 21ST CENTURY TEACHER (EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF EACH

CHARACTERISTICS)
1. Multi-literate
2. Multi-specialist
3. Multi-skilled
4. Self-directed
5. Lifelong learner
 To address the call for literacy in today’s world, students must become proficient in
NEW LITERACIES, FUNCTIONAL LITERACY AND MULTILITERACY (SYNTHESIS) the new literacies of 21st century technologies.
Educational strategies that include authentic, outcome-based learning, project-
 New literacy demands the ability to move confidently, efficiently and ethically based learning and performance-based learning tend to be cross-disciplinary in nature.
between and among a wide range of written and visual, print, live, digital or Students complete a research project, create multiple technologies, analyze and process
electronic text types according to purpose information, think creatively, plan out the process, and work collaboratively in teams with
 Functional literacy is the level of literacy that includes not only reading and other students. They also in apprenticeship or immersion experience.
writing but also numeracy skills that would help people cope with the daily
demands of life.
 There are various plans and programs of the government in improving functional
literacy in the Philippines.
 New literacies can be integrated into the curriculum through effective teaching-
learning implementation.
 Multiple literacies are multimodal ways of communication, which include
communications among different languages, using language within different
cultures, and the ability to understand technology and multimedia.

From 1940 to 2000, various types of literacies were added to the word literacy. In the 21 st
Century Curriculum, there are seven new literacies that are stressed:
1. Multicultural Literacy is about understanding ethnic groups that comprise the
population and focuses on complex issues of identity, diversity and citizenship.
2. Social literacy is the development of social skills, knowledge and positive values
in human beings to act positively and responsibly in sophisticated complex social
settings.
3. Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and create media.
4. Financial literacy is the ability to make informed judgments and make effective
decisions regarding the use and management of money.
5. Digital literacy is the ability to effectively use digital devices for purposes of
communication, expression, collaboration and advocacy in a knowledge-based
society.
6. Ecological literacy is understanding the principles of ecosystems toward
sustainability.
7. Creative literacy is the ability to make original ideas that have value, and the
ability to see the world in new ways.

FUNCTIONAL LITERACY
Based on UNESCO and other definitions of functional literacy can be concluded as
an activity that contributes to the development of an individual and the society, including the
ability to use information and skills related to listening, speaking, reading, writing, and
arithmetic necessary for daily life in social, cultural and economic aspects effectively.

FUNCTIONAL LITERACY IN THE PHILIPPINES

In 2003, 90.3% of Filipinos aged 10-64 were functionally literate. (Manuyo, 2019)
Study made by the World Vision, boys and girls aged 11-13 who were functionally literate
placed at a critical rate of 44% who were able to read and write with comprehension. School
drop-outs contributed to the low rate of functional literacy.
World Vision study made in 2016, the functional literacy rate went up at 76.53%.
One of the government initiatives to address this is the Alternative Learning System
(ALS) that provides opportunity for learning among out-of-school youth for them to land in
better jobs.