what is the titration?

a titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the unknown
concentration of a solution usually the solution of known concentration or titrant is added from a
burette to a known quantity of the analyte the unknown solution and so the reaction is complete
which is indicated by the endpoint.

the accuracy of the results of your titration will be a reflection of the care you took while performing
it. when done carefully titrations give very accurate precise results.

here is a step-by-step procedure required for performing successful titrations

the burette has now been cleaned and prepared. as shown in the previous videos, the meniscus is
level with any graduation mark on the period between 0 and 2 millimetres

the initial reading will be recorded remembering to

do it to two decimal places the analyte

solution is pipette it into the conical

flask and then a few drops of the

indicator is added the conical flask is

then placed under the Burien when

forming the first titration the solution

is delivered at a rapid pace to get a

rough idea what volume is needed to

reach the endpoint

this is known as a rough saturation and

it is not included in your final results

as it is not accurate however you still

need to record the final volume reading

from the Buren's the volume of solution

delivered is determined by subtracting

the final reading with the initial

reading the pr8 will then be refold

initial readings recorded in the zoo

and the conical flasks prepared in

preparation for the next saturation the

to ensure that the end points is not

missed using the volume recorded during

the rough saturation the general

procedure is to deliver approximately

3/4 of the volume of titrant recorded

from the rough titration at a rapid pace

and then at the titrant slowly until the

endpoint it is even possible to add a

drop swirl at another drop and so on

until an endpoint is reached when

approaching the endpoint volume a good

habit is to wash the sides of the

conical flask with distilled water from

a wash bottle as when swirling the side

of the conical flask will touch the tip

and some of the titrant will stick to

the walls of the flask

if there is a droplet hanging on the tip

of the burette wash the droplets into

the flask using a wash bottle especially

when approaching the endpoint washing

off the titrant will result in a more

accurate and precise result once the

endpoint is reached the final reading is

taken and the total volume of titrant

delivered is determined by subjecting

the final reading from the initial

reading titrations are generally done in

triplicate so you will need to perform

two more titrations

titrant delivered for the three non

rough saturations should be zero point

one milliliter difference between each

titrant volume delivered if this is not

the case

additional titrations will be performed

to get precise results to better observe

the color change of the indicator a

plain white piece of paper is placed

under four conical flasks for

right-handed individuals the burette cap

will be handled using your left hand

while the flask is swelled with the

right hand

however for left-handed individuals the

burette cap is handled with the right

hand the flask swirled using the left

hand in this case the left-handed

individuals will have to reverse the

period to accommodate their titration

here is the summarized procedure

required for successful titration

step 1 if the sample is a solid it is

weighed and then dissolved to make up a

known volume of solution in a volumetric

flask step 2 a pipette is used to

measure accurately a volume of the

solution for example 10.00 milliliters

this is emptied into a conical flask

step 3 a few drops of an indicator may

show a change of color once we have

reached the end points or in the

titration is complete the following

indicators will be used in your

practicals step 4 a second solution is

placed in a be rate this is the titrant

this solution contains a chemical that

will react with the analytes chemical

sample in the conical flask step 5 the

solution from the burette is run into

the conical flask the solution is added

one drop at a time and swirl to mix the

illusions as the endpoint is approached

eventually a color change shows the

correct amount that has been added to

react completely with the analytes

chemical in the sample step 6

the volume of solution added from the

burette is noted the titration results

can then be used to calculate

concentration using the following steps

ensures that your titration experiments

are carried out using the correct

techniques that enable you to get

precise and accurate results