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12 May Math

The document contains solutions to multiple questions involving linear algebra concepts such as matrices, eigenvalues, orthogonal matrices, and linear transformations. Question 1 involves solving a system of linear equations. Question 2 covers properties of square matrices and computing a determinant. Question 3 discusses properties of orthogonal matrices and transposes of matrix products. Question 4 finds eigenvalues of a matrix. Question 5 defines and tests properties of linear subspaces.

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21 views4 pages

12 May Math

The document contains solutions to multiple questions involving linear algebra concepts such as matrices, eigenvalues, orthogonal matrices, and linear transformations. Question 1 involves solving a system of linear equations. Question 2 covers properties of square matrices and computing a determinant. Question 3 discusses properties of orthogonal matrices and transposes of matrix products. Question 4 finds eigenvalues of a matrix. Question 5 defines and tests properties of linear subspaces.

Uploaded by

djoni07.alimasi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Qiestion#1

X- y+2z= 3
2x+ y—-z=4
5x—-2y+ az= b
{
(x- y+ 2z) + (y- 2z) = 3 + (y-2z)
2x+ y— z=4
5x— 2y+ az= b
}
{
x-y+2z+ y-2z=3+ y-2z
2x+ y-z=4
5x-2y+ az= b
}
{
X=y-2z+3
3y-5z+2=0
B=3y-10z+az+15
a€ real number
}

Question#2
A)
A square matrix is an n × n matrix; that is, a matrix having the same number of rows as columns.
For example, the following matrices are square: A = 2*2 and C= 2*2
If we Add A+C and the result is identity matrix
Then AC=CA bcz both have the number of order
B)
Eliminate elements in the 1st column under the 1st element
Sign A1 A2 A3

1 1 2 2

+ 2 0 -7 -5

3 0 0 1
Multiply the main diagonal elements

Sign A1 A2 A3

1 1 2 2

+ 2 0 -7 -5

3 0 0 1
Δ = 1 x (-7) x 1 = -7

C)

1. 7 of a parallelepiped
volume Vp

1. 1.1666666666667 of a tetrahedron
volume Vt

Parallelepiped and Tetrahedron


(1) Vp=→AD⋅(→AB×→AC)=(x4−x1)[(y2−y1)(z3−z1)−(z2−z1)(y3−y1)]+(y4−y1)[(z2−z1)
(x3−x1)−(x2−x1)(z3−z1)]+(z4−z1)[(x2−x1)(y3−y1)−(y2−y1)(x3−x1)]
(2) Vt=Vp/6

Question#3
A)
a square real matrix with orthonormal columns is called orthogonal.
if 𝐴 is orthogonal, then • 𝐴 is invertible, with inverse 𝐴 transport :

𝐴 tarnsport is also an orthogonal matrix • rows of 𝐴 are orthonormal (have norm one and
are mutually orthogonal)
Write the matrices AA and BB as A=[aij]A=[aij] and B=[bij]B=[bij], meaning that
their (i,j)(i,j)-th entries are aijaij and bijbij, respectively.
We know on the one hand that (AB)ji=(AB)Tij(AB)ji=(AB)ijT, hence
(AB)Tij=(AB)ji=∑k=1nAjkBki,(AB)ijT=(AB)ji=∑k=1nAjkBki,
on the other hand
(BTAT)ij=∑k=1nBTikATkj=∑k=1nBkiAjk=∑k=1nAjkBki,
(BTAT)ij=∑k=1nBikTAkjT=∑k=1nBkiAjk=∑k=1nAjkBki,
so, since (AB)Tij=(BTAT)ij(AB)ijT=(BTAT)ij for all i=1,...,pi=1,...,p and j=1,...,mj=1,...,m we
have
(AB)T=BTAT

B)
Here →A=(0,0),→B=(0,0)

Two vectors →A and →B are orthogonal, if their dot product is zero. i.e. →A⋅→B=0

1. Calculate dot product


→A⋅→B

=A1⋅B1+A2⋅B2

=0⋅0+0⋅0

=0+0

=0

Here dot product is zero, so vectors are orthogonal

Question#4
A)
Start from forming a new matrix by subtracting λ from the diagonal entries of the given matrix:
[2- λ 3 ; ½ 3/2- λ]
The determinant of the obtained matrix is[( λ -3)(2 λ -1)]/2
Solve the equation [( λ -3)(2 λ -1)]/2 =0
The roots are λ= 3 and λ ½
These are eigenvalues

B)
X=1.4
And Y= 3.8

Question#5

A)
As 0T 2×2 = −02×2, the set W is a nonempty subset of M2×2. Take any two elements A and B
from W. Then, AT = −A and BT = −B, so (A + B) T = A T + B T = (−A) + (−B) = −(A + B),
implying that A + B ∈ W. Thus W is closed under addition. Take any element A from W and any
real number c. Then, AT = −A and so (cA) T = cAT = c(−A) = −(cA), implying that cA ∈ W.
Thus W is closed under scalar multiplication.
B)
Let P2 be the space of polynomials of degree at most 2, and define the linear transformation T :
P2 → R2 T(p(x)) = [ p(0) p(1)]

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