Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 32 views

    ASSIGNMENT Organicanalysisnew 20230929150340

    Uploaded by

    sogarongt
    The document describes various tests performed to identify the functional groups present in an unknown organic compound. Preliminary tests on colour, odour and reaction with litmus paper provided clues about possible functional groups such as ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids or phenols. Further tests using reagents like Baeyer's, Fehling's and Tollen's confirmed the presence of specific functional groups such as unsaturated, aldehydic or alcoholic groups. Confirmatory tests like ester formation, Liebermann and azo dye tests conclusively identified the functional groups as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes or amines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ASSIGNMENT Organicanalysisnew 20230929150340

    Uploaded by

    sogarongt
    32 views4 pages
    The document describes various tests performed to identify the functional groups present in an unknown organic compound. Preliminary tests on colour, odour and reaction with litmus paper provided clues about possible functional groups such as ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids or phenols. Further tests using reagents like Baeyer's, Fehling's and Tollen's confirmed the presence of specific functional groups such as unsaturated, aldehydic or alcoholic groups. Confirmatory tests like ester formation, Liebermann and azo dye tests conclusively identified the functional groups as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes or amines.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes various tests performed to identify the functional groups present in an unknown organic compound. Preliminary tests on colour, odour and reaction with litmus paper provided clues about possible functional groups such as ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids or phenols. Further tests using reagents like Baeyer's, Fehling's and Tollen's confirmed the presence of specific functional groups such as unsaturated, aldehydic or alcoholic groups. Confirmatory tests like ester formation, Liebermann and azo dye tests conclusively identified the functional groups as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes or amines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views4 pages

    ASSIGNMENT Organicanalysisnew 20230929150340

    Uploaded by

    sogarongt
    The document describes various tests performed to identify the functional groups present in an unknown organic compound. Preliminary tests on colour, odour and reaction with litmus paper provided clues about possible functional groups such as ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids or phenols. Further tests using reagents like Baeyer's, Fehling's and Tollen's confirmed the presence of specific functional groups such as unsaturated, aldehydic or alcoholic groups. Confirmatory tests like ester formation, Liebermann and azo dye tests conclusively identified the functional groups as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes or amines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    ORGANIC ANALYSIS

    Experiment Observation Inference


    Preliminary test
    1. Colour and appearance i) Colourless liquid May be ketone, aldehyde,
    carboxylic acid or alcohol
    ii)White crystalline May be due to the presence of
    powder aromatic acid.
    iii) A pale brown viscous May be phenol or amine.
    liquid

    2. Odour i)mild pleasant smell May be ketone , aldehyde or


    alcohol
    ii) a carbolic smell May be due to the presence of
    phenol.
    iv) a fishy smell May be due to the presence of
    amine.

    3. Test with Litmus paper: i) Blue litmus turns red May be carboxylic acid or phenol
    Touch the moist litmus paper ii) Red litmus turns blue May be an amine
    with organic compound iii) No colour change is Absence of carboxylic acid,
    noted phenol and amine.

    Tests for functional group


    1. Test for unsaturation
    Baeyer’s test: 0.2 ml of organic Pink colour disappears Presence of unsaturated
    compound is added to baeyer’s compound , phenol or aromatic
    reagent.(alkaline KMnO4) amines

    2. Test for alcoholic group:


    To a little of the compound ,a A red colour is observed Presence of alcoholic group
    few drops of cerric ammonium
    nitrate reagent is added.

    3. Test for carboxylic group:


    Take 2mL of saturated aqueous Brisk effervescence Presence of carboxylic group.
    solution of sodium hydrogen
    carbonate in a test tube and
    add the organic compound .
    4. Test for phenolic group:
    Add 0.2 ml of organic Green or violet colour Presence of phenolic group.
    compound to 2-3 ml neutral obtained.
    ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution.

    5. Test for carbonyl group: Orange yellow precipitate Presence of carbonyl group.
    Shake 0.2 ml of organic formed. (may be an aldehydic or ketonic
    compound with 2-3 ml of group.)
    2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine.

    6. Test for aldehydic group: Silver mirror formed on Presence of aldehyde.


    Take 1mL of Tollen’s reagent inner side of test tube.
    and add 1ml of organic
    compound .Warm it over a
    water bath.

    7. Test for ketonic group:


    Dissolve a crystal of sodium A red colouration Presence of ketonic group.
    nitroprusside in about 1ml of
    distilled water and then add
    0.5ml of the organic compound.
    Shake and add NaOH solution
    dropwise.

    8. Test for amine group:


    To a small amount of organic Compound dissolves Presence of amine.
    compound add 2-3 ml of dil. HCl completely in HCl .
    Shake and note the solubility. A white turbidity appears.
    Then add NaOH to the above Then an oily layer is
    solution. formed.
    Confirmatory test
    1. Alcohols
    Ester test: Take 1ml of alcohol Friuty smell Presence of carboxylic group
    in a test tube and add 1ml of confirmed.
    glacial acetic acid and 2-3 drops RCOOH + C2H5OH H2SO4
    of con.H2SO4. Warm the RCOOC2H5 + H2O
    mixture in a water bath for 10
    minutes and pour into cold
    water taken in a beaker.

    2.Carboxylic group
    Ester test: Take about 1 g of
    carboxylic acid, 1ml of ethyl
    alcohol and 1-2 drops dil. H2SO4 A deep blue or green Presence of phenol confirmed.
    in a test tube. Heat the reaction colouration developed.
    mixture in a water bath for
    about 5 minutes. Pour the
    reaction mixture in a beaker
    with aqueous sodium
    carbonate.

    3. Phenols
    Liebermann’s Test: Take 2-3 A fruity smell. Presence of alcohol confirmed.
    crystals of sodium nitrite in a ROH + R’ COOH R’ COOR +
    test tube and add about 1mL of H2O
    phenol. Heat for half a minute
    and cool it. Then add about 1ml
    of Conc. Sulphuric acid and
    shake the content.

    4. Aldehydes
    Fehling’s test: Take 1ml each of A red precipitate Presence of aldehyde confirmed.
    Fehling’s solution A and B in a RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 5OH-
    test tube. Add 4-5 drops of Cu2O + RCOO- + 3H2O.
    aldehyde and warm it in a water
    bath for 4-5 minutes.
    5. Ketones
    m – dinitrobenzene test: Take A violet colour appears Presence of ketonic group
    0.5 ml of ketone in a test tube and slowly fades. confirmed.
    and add about 0.1g of finely
    powdered m-dinitrobenzene.
    Add about 1ml of dil.NaOH
    solution and shake.

    6. Amines
    Azo dye test:Dissolve organic Red or Orange dye. Presence of amino group
    compound in 2 ml of dilute confirmed.
    hydrochloric acid and cool it in
    ice. Then add cold sodium
    nitrite solution to it followed by
    beta naphthol in NaOH.

    Tollen’s test: Take 1 mL of freshly prepared (~ 2 %) silver nitrate solution in a test tube. Add 1-2
    drops of sodium hydroxide solution to it and shake, a dark brown precipitate of silver oxide
    appears. Dissolve the precipitate by adding ammonium hydroxide solution drop-wise.

    You might also like