1

GRADE

San Fabian National High School

San Fabian, Pangasinan
11
MODULE
in
GENERAL
MATHEMATICS

Quarter 1 Week 1

For queries, please contact us:

Name of Teacher Contact Number Messenger

MICHAEL P. NAVARRO 09202837857 Mike Navarro

GERALD M. SAMBRANO 09275006812 Gee Sambrano

MARVIN D. SOLIS 09952672792 Marvin Solis

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Lesson
Representations of Functions and Relations
1.1
Learning Competencies: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

 Represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.

 Evaluates a function.
 Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of functions.
 Solves problems involving functions.

A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set
of values (called the range).

A function is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values. Using functional notation, we can write 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦, read as
“𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑦. ” In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the function f,
then we say that 𝑓(2) = 1.

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) where the x’s are the values of the domain and the
y’s are the values of the range.
Example 1.1a : {(2,3),(2,4),(3,7),(5,2)}
Domain: {2,3,5}
Range: {2,3,4,7}
A function is a relation defined as a set of ordered pairs (x,y) where no two or more
distinct ordered pairs have the same first element.

Function or mere
Representation Given
relation?
t= {(-2,0),(-1,1),(0,1),(-2,2) Mere relation
1. Set of ordered pairs
r= {(a,0),(b,-1),(c,0),(d,-1)} Function

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 3 4
Function
y 10 5 2 1 2 5 6

2. Table of values

x 1 1 1 2 4

y 1 2 3 4 5 Mere relation

1 4

2 5
3. Mapping Diagram Function
3 6
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1 4

2 5
Mere relation
3 6

If a given mathematical relation is presented in a graphical form, you can easily

determine whether it is a graph of a function by using the Vertical Line Test.
Vertical Line Test

A graph of a mathematical relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the
graph intersects the graph at exactly one point.

Function

4. Graph

Mere relation

Process Questions:
1. What makes the above examples mere relations?
2. Are all functions relations?
3. Are all relations functions?

Write your answers here:

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS expressed as an equation.

Finding the domain:

Solve the equation for y in terms of x.

i. If y is a polynomial, the domain is the set of real numbers.

ii. If y is a rational expression and contains an expression d(x) in the denominator, the domain
is the set of real numbers, except those values of x that makes d(x) equal to zero.
iii. If y contains a radical expression 𝑛 𝑟(𝑥) where n is an even natural number, the domain is
the set of real numbers except those values of x that make r(x) less than 0.

Finding the range:

Solve the equation for x in terms of y.

i. If x is a polynomial, the range is the set of real numbers. Exclude all restrictions in the
defining equation (where y is in te rms of x), if there is any.

ii. If x is a rational expression and contains an expression d(y) in the denominator, the range is
the set of real numbers except those values of y that make d(y) equal to 0.

iii. If y contains a radical expression 𝑛 𝑟(𝑦) where n is an even natural number, the range is
the set of real numbers except those values of y that make r(y) less than 0.
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Example 1.1b : Determine the domain and range of each of the following function.

a. 3 =4 b. = 4

c. 3 =2 d. = √5 2

Solutions:

a. 3 =4
= 3 4 Solve y in terms of x.
=3 4 Since y is polynomial, the domain is =* +

3 =4
3 = 4 Solve x in terms of y.
= Since x is a polynomial without restriction, the range is
=* +.

b. = 4 It is already expressed for y in terms of x.

Since y is polynomial, the domain is = * +

= 4

= 4 Solve x in terms of y.

= 4 For x to be real, the radicand 4 must be greater than or equal to

0. That is 4 implies that 4. Therefore the range is
=* +.

c. 3 =2
(3 )=2 Solve y in terms of x

= Note that y is a rational expression with the denominator containing

the independent variable x. This means that the denominator 3
cannot be equal to 0. That is 3 implies that 3. Thus,
the domain is = * +

3 =2

= 3 2

=3 2 Solve x in terms of y.

= For x to be real, the denominator y cannot be 0. Therefore, the

range is =* = +

d. = √5 2 The defining equation is already expressed for y in terms of x.

Since y is a radical,
y must be greater than or equal to 0, and its radicand 5 2 must
be greater than or equal to 0.
That is,
5 2
2 5
2 5

Thus, the domain of y is =* +

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= √5 2
=5 2 Solve x in terms of y.
2 = 5
= Since x is a polynomial, y can be any real number. However, the
defining equation
is restricted to values of y that are greater than or equal to 0.
Hence, the range of y
is = * +.

FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS OF REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS.

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate

functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example 1.1c : Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one
meal costs P40.

Solution: Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is C(x) = 40x.

Example 1.1d: One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area
next to a river

(see figure). Give a function A that can represent the area that can be
enclosed, in terms

of x.

Solution: The area of the rectangular enclosure is = .

We will write this as a function of .

Since only 100 m of fencing is available, then 2 = 1 or =

1
2
= 5 – .5 .

Thus, = (5 – .5 ) = 5 – .5 .

PIECE-WISE FUNCTIONS.

Definition

Piece-wise functions are functions in which the rule for obtaining the value of the functions is
different for specific values of the independent variable.

Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value
of the independent variable.
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Example 1.1e : A user is charged 3 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the function ( ), where m is the number of messages
sent in a month.
Solution: The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function
3 , 1
( )={
3 , 1
Example 1.1f: A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional
integer kilometer adds P1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in
terms of the distance (d) in kilometers.
Solution: The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare.
If ( ) represents the fare as a function of distance, the function can be represented as follows:
8. , 4
( )={
8 1⌊ ⌋ , 4

Note that ⌊ ⌋ is the floor function applied to d. The floor function gives the largest integer less
than or equal to d, e.g. ⌊4.1⌋ = ⌊4.9⌋ = ⌊4⌋

Lesson
Evaluating a Function
1.2
Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x, with a
value from the function's domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating
at a for some in the domain of f, we write ( ).

Example 1.2a : Evaluate the function ( ) = 4 1 given that = 2.

Solution: ( )= 4 1

(2) = 2 4(2) 1

(2) = 4 8 1

(2) = 11

Example 1.2b: Evaluate the following functions, where f and q are defined as 3 2.

a). (2 1) b). (4 3)

Solution:

a. (2 1) = 3(2 1) 2
(2 1) = 6 3 2
(2 1) = 6 1

b. (4 3) = 3(4 3) 4(4 3)
(4 3) = 3(16 24 9) 16 12

(4 3) = 48 72 27 16 12*

(4 3) = 48 88 39
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Example 1.2c: Evaluate ( ) where ( )=4 3 .

Solution: ( ) = 4( ) 3( )

( ) = 4( 2 ) 3 3

( )=4 3 8 3 4

Note: You need a good grasp of GEMDAS. GEMDAS is an acronym for the words
Grouping symbols, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction. When asked to
simplify two or more operations in one algebraic/numerical expression, the order of the letters
in GEMDAS indicates what to calculate first, second, third and so on, until a simplified
expression is achieved.

Lesson
Operations and Composition of Functions
1.3
RECALL: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.
b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
c. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting fraction.

Example 1.3a. Find the sum of and

Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is 15.

= = =

Example 1.3b: Find the sum of and

Solution. The LCD of the two fractions is ( 3)( 5) = 8 15

( ) ( )
= = =

RECALL: MULTIPLICATION
a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime factors.
b. Common factors in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as “1”.
c. Multiply the numerators together to get the new numerator.
d. Multiply the denominators together to get the new denominator.
Example 1.3c: Find the product of and .

Solution: Express the numerators and denominators of the two fractions into their
prime factors.
Multiply and simplify out common factors in the numerator and the
denominator to
reduce the final answer to lowest terms.

1 15 2 5 3 5 25
= =
21 8 3 7 2 4 28
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Example 1.3d: Find the product of and .

Solution: Express the numerators and denominators of the two rational expressions
into their prime
factors. Multiply and simplify out common factors in the numerator and
the denominator
to reduce the final answer to lowest terms. Note the similarity in the
process between this
example and the previous one on fractions.
4 5 5 6 ( 1)( 5) ( 2)( 3) ( 1) ( 3) 2 3
= = =
3 2 3 1 ( 1)( 2) ( 5)( 2) ( 1) ( 2) 2

RECALL: DIVISION
To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of
the divisor.

Example 1.3e: Divide and

Solution:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
= =( )( ) ( )( )
= ( )

Definition.

Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions.

1. Their sum, denoted by 𝑓 𝑔 , is the function denoted by

(𝒇 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙)

2. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓 𝑔 , is the function denoted by

(𝒇 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈(𝒙)

3. Their product, denoted by 𝑓 𝑔 , is the function denoted by

(𝑓 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓
4. Their quotient, denoted by , is the function denoted by
𝑔
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
(𝑥 ) = , excluding the values of x where 𝑔(𝑥 ) = .
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)

Use the following functions below for Example 1.3

( )= ( )= ( )=

( )= ( )= ( )=
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Example 1.3f: Determine the following functions.

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )

Solution:

a. ( )( ) = ( 5 4) ( 2 8) = 5 4 2 8=
2 7 4
b. ( )( ) = ( 3)(2 7) = 2 21
( )( ) ( )( )
c. ( )( ) = ( 3) = = =

d. ( )( ) = (2 7) ( 3) = 2 7 3= 1
( )( ) ( )
e. ( )= =( =(
)( ) )

COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
Let and be functions.
The composite function denoted by is defined by ( ) = ( ( )).

The process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition.

For examples 1.3g to 1.3j, use the following functions:

( )=2 1 ( )=√ 1 ( )= ( )= 2 2
( )=⌊ ⌋ 1

Example 1.3g: Find and simplify ( )

Solution: ( ) = (2 1 ) = √2 1 1 = √2 2

Example 1.3h: Find and simplify ( )

Solution: ( ) = (2 1) 2(2 1) 2=4 4 1 4 2

2=4 1

Example 1.3i: Find and simplify ( )

( ) ( )
Solution: ( )=2 1= =

Example 1.3j: Find and simplify (5)

( )
Solution: (5) = ⌊ ⌋ 1= 1=2 1=3
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Name: ________________________________________
Grade & Section:_____________________________
General Mathematics
Quarter I Week 1: Activities on Functions

PART I: Function or Not a Function.

Directions: Determine whether the following is a function or not. Write FUNCTION or NOT A
FUNCTION on the space provided before each number.

1. r = {(2,3) , (2,4) , (3, 7) , (5,2)}

2. f = {(0, -1),(2,-5),(4,-9),(6,-13)}
3.

4.

5.

PART II: Domain and Range of A Function.

Directions: Determine the domain and range of each of the following function. Show your
solutions below. Keep your work neat.

1. 16 =7 2. = 6

3. 5 =1 4. = √7 4
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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of the correct answer before
each number.
_____1. Given ( ) = 2 5 and ( ) = 3 4, solve for ( ).
a. 11 6 c. 6 11
b. 6 7 2 d. 6 23 2
_____2. Given = 3 7, what is ( 2)?
a. 1 c. 13
b. 1 d. 13

_____3. It is a set of ordered pairs ( , ) such that no two ordered pairs have the same xvalue but
different y-values?
a. relation c. domain
b. function d. Range

_____4. What is the domain of the equation, =3 4 ?

a. * , 1+ c. * +
b. * , 1+ d. * , 4

_____5. Given ( ) = 2 5 and ( ) = 3 4, solve for ( ).

a. 6 23 2 c. 6 2
b. 6 23 2 d. 6 7 2

_____6. If ( ) = 7 and ( ) = 2 3, what is ( )?

a. 4 c. 4
b. 1 d. 1 3

_____7. Which of the following set of ordered pairs in NOT a function?

a. (1,2 ), (2,3), (3,4 ), (4,5) c. (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)
b. (1,2), (1,3), (3,6), (4,8) d. (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2)

_____8. A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most _____.
a. once c. twice
b. thrice d. all of the these

For items no. 9 and 10, refer to the table below:

_____9. Find ( )(4).

a. 8 c. 1
b. 8 d. 1

_____10. Find ( )(2).

a. 1 c. 5
b. 1 d. 1

Reminders:
*Do not forget to right your name, grade level and section.
*Read and follow instructions.
*Keep your work neat.
*Pass your answer sheets on time.

Please detach pages 10-11 and pass it to the teacher-in-charge in your

barangay on the given time.