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377 views24 pagesPhysics Project Class 12 Cbse
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
377 views24 pagesPhysics Project Class 12 Cbse
physics project class 12 cbse
Uploaded by
Soham PalCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 24
GYAN GANGA
INTERNATIONAL
ACADEMY
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
TOPIC-To investigate the relation
between
the ratio of :-
1. Input and output voltage.
2. Number of turnings in the
ondary coil and primary coil of a
e self made transformer.
6
SUBMITHE iD TO: MR, FAISAL SHAREEF
SUBMITTED BY: CH-MURLIDHAR,
(A)
JEYPINW HO Certificate
This is to certify that CH MURLIDHAR of class 12"* A has
satisfactorily completed his physics Investigatory Project as
prescribed by the CBSE course during the academic year
2014-2015
L further certifies that this is own work and not submitted anywhere
else,
se Ml sce SIGNATURE (EXAMINER)
SIGNATURE (PRINCIPAL)
JeYPILNW'HO ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby acknowledge my
deep sense of gratitude
and indebtedness to my
principal Mr. D. ASHOK
and my physics teacher
Mr. FAISAL SHAREEF
PGT (physics) whose
immense help, genius
guidance encouragement,
necessary suggestions
initiations, enthusiasm
and inspiration made this
work a master art anda
joint enterprise. 8
JeYPIN HO. CONTENT
9 1,CERTIFICATE OF EXCELLENCE
9 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2 3. AIM OF PROJECT
2 4, INTRODUCTION
o 5, THEORY
oe 6, APPARATUS REQUIRED
2 7, PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
8, OBSERVATION
2 9. CONCLUSION
210, PRECAUTION
° 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
JEYpINW HO OBJECTIVE
Te investigate the relation between
the ratio of :-
o 1. Input and output voltage.
o 2. Number of turnings in the
secondary coil and primary coil of a
self made transformer. INTRODUCTION
Transformer is a device which increase or decrease the
voltage. It is based on the Principle of mutual induction.
According to this principle, the amount of magnetic flux
linked with a coil changing, an e.m.f is induced in the
neighboring coil.
A transformer is an electrical device which is used for
changing the A.C. voltages. A transformer is most widely
used device in both low and high current circuit. As such
transformers are built in an amazing strength of sizes. In
electronic, measurement and control circuits, transformer
size may be so small that it weight only a few tens of grams
where as in high voltage power circuits, it may weight
hundred of tones.
2eUPILNW'HO
In a transformer, the electrical energy transfer from one
circuit to another circuit takes place without the use of
moving parts.
A transformer which increases the voltages is called a
step-up transformer. A transformer which decreases the
A.C. voltages is called a step-down transformer. an |
essential piece of apparatus both for high and low current
circuits. THEORY
(0 When an altering e.m-f. is supplied to the primary coil
p1p2, an alternating current starts falling in it. The
altering current in the primary produces a changing
magnetic flux, which induces altering voltage in the
primary as well as in the secondary. In a good-
transformer, whole of the magnetic flux linked with =
primary is also linked with the secondary, and then the.
induced e.m.f. induced in each turn of the secondary ig
equal to that induced in each turn of the primary. Thus i
Ep and Es be the instantaneous values of the e.m-f.’s
induced in the primary and the secondary and Np and |
Ns are the no. of turns of the primary secondary coils of
the transformer and
deb / dt = rate of change of flux in each,
turnoff the coil at this instant
we have,
Ep =-Np dep/dt (1) and Ep =-Np ddp/dt ...........cccsceeeeseeeeeeneees |
and,
Es = -Ns dop/dt
2 SE nO i core ay (2)
Since the above relations are true at every
instant, so by dividing 2 by 1,
we get,
Es/Ep=-Ns/Np
22cm (3)
As Ep is the instantaneous value of back
e.m.f induced in the primary coil p1, so the
instananeous current in primary coil is due to
the difference (E — Ep ) in the instantaneous
values of the applied and back e.m.f. further if
Rp is the resistance 0, p1p2 coil, then the
instantaneous current Ip in the primary coil is
given by.
2eUPIENW'HO
Ip =E-—Ep/Rp
E-—Ep=IpRp 0G When the resistance of the primary is
small, Rp Ip can be neglected so therefore.
E-Ep=O0OorEp=E
Thus back e.m.f = input e.m.f
Hence equation 3 can be written as
Es /Ep = Es/€E = output e.m.f/ input
e.m.f=Ns/Np=K
Where K is constant, called turn or
transformation ratio.
2eUPILNW'HO IN A STEP-DOWN
TRANSFORMER
Step Down Transformer
22UPILNW'HO Es < Eso K <1, hence Ns < Np
If Ip = value of primary current at the sa
instant.
And,
Is = value of secondary current at this
instant,
then,
2eUPILNW'HO
Input power at the instant = Ep Ip
Output power at the same instant = Es
If there are no losses of power in the
transformer.
then,
Input power = output power
Ep Ip =Es Is "@
Es/Ep=lIp/Is=K IN A STEP-UP
TRANSFORMER
Step Up Transformer
Primary Secondary
22UPILNWHO Es > EsoK> 1, hence Ns > Np
As, k>1,solp>Isorls
