The document contains 7 problems related to heat transfer through composite walls, cylinders, pipes, and conductors. The problems involve calculating heat transfer rates, temperatures, thermal conductivities, and thicknesses of insulation layers under various conditions.
The document contains 7 problems related to heat transfer through composite walls, cylinders, pipes, and conductors. The problems involve calculating heat transfer rates, temperatures, thermal conductivities, and thicknesses of insulation layers under various conditions.
The document contains 7 problems related to heat transfer through composite walls, cylinders, pipes, and conductors. The problems involve calculating heat transfer rates, temperatures, thermal conductivities, and thicknesses of insulation layers under various conditions.
The document contains 7 problems related to heat transfer through composite walls, cylinders, pipes, and conductors. The problems involve calculating heat transfer rates, temperatures, thermal conductivities, and thicknesses of insulation layers under various conditions.
1. A thermopane window consists of two 5 mm thick glass (k = 0.78 W/m-K) sheets
separated by 10 mm stagnant air gap (k = 0.025 W/m-K). The convection heat transfer coefficient for inner and outside air is 10 W/m2-K and 50 W/m2.-K, respectively. (a) Determine the rate of heat loss per m2 of the glass surface for a temperature difference of 60°C between the inside and outside air. b) Compare the result with the heat loss, if the window had only a single sheet of glass of thickness 5 mm instead of thermopane. (c) Compare the result with the heat flow, if window has no stagnant air (i.e., a sheet of glass, 10 mm thick).
2. The wall of a cold storage consists of three layers: an outer layer of ordinary bricks, 25 cm thick, a middle layer of cork, 10 cm thick and an inner layer of cement, 6 cm thick. The thermal conductivities of the materials are 0.7, 0.043 and 0.72 W/m-K, respectively. The temperature of the outer surface of the wall is 30°C and that of inner is – 15°C. Calculate : (a) Steady state rate of heat gain per unit area, (b) Temperature at the interfaces of composite wall, (c) The percentage of total heat resistance offered by individual layers, and (d) What additional thickness of cork should be provided to reduce the heat gain 30% less than the present value ?
3. A hollow cylinder with inner radius 30 mm and outer radius 50 mm is heated at the inner surface at a rate of 105 W/m2 and dissipated heat by convection from outer surface into a fluid at 80°C with heat transfer coefficient of 400 W/m2-K. There is no energy generation and thermal conductivity of the material is constant at 15 W/m-K. Calculate the temperatures of inside and outside surfaces of the cylinder.
4. A steam pipe of 5 cm inside diameter and 6.5 cm outside diameter is covered with a 2.75 cm radial thickness of high temperature insulation (k = 1.1 W/m-K). The surface heat transfer coefficient for inside and outside surfaces are 4650 W/m2.-K and 11.5 W/m2-K, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the pipe material is 45 W/m-K. If the steam temperature is 200°C and ambient air temperature is 25°C, Determine :(i) Heat loss per metre length of pipe. (ii) Temperature at the interface. (iii) Overall heat transfer coefficient.
5. A 3 cm outer diameter steam pipe is to be covered with two layers of insulation each having thickness of 2.5 cm. The average thermal conductivity of one material is five times of the other. Determine the percentage decrease in heat transfer, if better insulating material is kept next to pipe surface than it is as outer layer. Assume that the outside and inside temperatures are fixed 6. .A steam pipe, 10 cm in outer diameter is covered with two layers of insulation material each 2.5 cm thick, one having thermal conductivity thrice the other. Show that the effective thermal conductivity of two layers is approximately 15% less when better insulation material is placed as inside layer, than when it is on the outside.
7. A current of 1000 A is flowing through a long copper conductor (k = 390 W/m-K), 25
mm in diameter, having its electric resistivity of 1.08 μΩ cm. This rod is insulated to a radius of 17.5 mm with fibrous cotton (k = 0.058 W/m-K), which is further covered by a layer of plastic (k = 0.42 W/m-K) and then it is exposed to surrounding air at 20°C with a heat transfer coefficient of 20.5 W/m2-K. Calculate (i) Thickness of plastic layer, which gives minimum temperature in a cotton insulation. (ii) The temperature of copper rod and maximum temperature in the plastic layer for above condition.
