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Types of Functions - Javatpoint

The document discusses 8 different types of functions: 1) Injective functions map each element of the domain to a unique element in the codomain. 2) Surjective functions map each element of the codomain to an element in the domain. 3) Bijective functions are both injective and surjective. 4) Into functions have a codomain element with no pre-image in the domain. 5) One-one into functions map different domain elements to different codomain elements. 6) Many-one functions map two or more domain elements to the same codomain element. 7) Many-one into functions are both many-one and into. 8) Many-one

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39 views

Types of Functions - Javatpoint

The document discusses 8 different types of functions: 1) Injective functions map each element of the domain to a unique element in the codomain. 2) Surjective functions map each element of the codomain to an element in the domain. 3) Bijective functions are both injective and surjective. 4) Into functions have a codomain element with no pre-image in the domain. 5) One-one into functions map different domain elements to different codomain elements. 6) Many-one functions map two or more domain elements to the same codomain element. 7) Many-one into functions are both many-one and into. 8) Many-one

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Types of Functions
1. Injective (One-to-One) Functions: A function in which one element of Domain Set is connected to one element of Co-Domain Set.

2. Surjective (Onto) Functions: A function in which every element of Co-Domain Set has one pre-image.

Example: Consider, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {a, b, c} and f = {(1, b), (2, a), (3, c), (4, c)}.

It is a Surjective Function, as every element of B is the image of some A

Note: In an Onto Function, Range is equal to Co-Domain.

3. Bijective (One-to-One Onto) Functions: A function which is both injective (one to - one) and surjective (onto) is called bijective
(One-to-One Onto) Function.

Example:

Consider P = {x, y, z}
Q = {a, b, c}
and f: P → Q such that
f = {(x, a), (y, b), (z, c)}

The f is a one-to-one function and also it is onto. So it is a bijective function.

4. Into Functions: A function in which there must be an element of co-domain Y does not have a pre-image in domain X.

Example:

Consider, A = {a, b, c}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f: A → B such that
f = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 3)}
In the function f, the range i.e., {1, 2, 3} ≠ co-domain of Y i.e., {1, 2, 3, 4}

Therefore, it is an into function

5. One-One Into Functions: Let f: X → Y. The function f is called one-one into function if different elements of X have different unique
images of Y.

Example:

Consider, X = {k, l, m}
Y = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f: X → Y such that
f = {(k, 1), (l, 3), (m, 4)}

The function f is a one-one into function

6. Many-One Functions: Let f: X → Y. The function f is said to be many-one functions if there exist two or more than two different
elements in X having the same image in Y.

Example:

Consider X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Y = {x, y, z} and f: X → Y such that
f = {(1, x), (2, x), (3, x), (4, y), (5, z)}

The function f is a many-one function

7. Many-One Into Functions: Let f: X → Y. The function f is called the many-one function if and only if is both many one and into
function.

Example:

Consider X = {a, b, c}
Y = {1, 2} and f: X → Y such that
f = {(a, 1), (b, 1), (c, 1)}

As the function f is a many-one and into, so it is a many-one into function.

8. Many-One Onto Functions: Let f: X → Y. The function f is called many-one onto function if and only if is both many one and onto.

Example:

Consider X = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Y = {k, l} and f: X → Y such that
f = {(1, k), (2, k), (3, l), (4, l)}

The function f is a many-one (as the two elements have the same image in Y) and it is onto (as every element of Y is the image of some
element X). So, it is many-one onto function
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