Heat Exchanger

NAME: SILIZIWE DIPA
STUDENT NO: 221099425

GROUP: B
PRACTICAL NAME: HEAT EXCHANGER
DATE OF THE EXPERIMENT: 2 SEPTEMBER 2022
SUBMISSION DATE: 19 SEPTEMBER 2022
MODULE: CEL260S
LECTURE: M NKOHLA
DECLARATION
I SILIZIWE declare that the work of this experiment
report is my own unaided work, based on my personal
study/research and that I have unknowledge all material
and sources used in its preparation whether they are
books, articles, reports, and electronics.
SIGNATURE X
Long Report Mark Allocation Students mark
Title page 3
Table of content 3
List of symbols 2
Structure 2
Executive summary 10
Introduction 5
Theory 15
Procedure 10
Results and Calculations 25
Discussion 10
Conclusion 5
Reference 10
Total 100
1
Table of Contents
1.LIST OF SYMBOLS................................................................................................................................3
2.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................3
3.INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................4
4.THEORY...............................................................................................................................................4
5.PROCEDURE........................................................................................................................................4
6.RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS............................................................................................................5
7.DISCUSSION........................................................................................................................................7
8.CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................8
9.REFERENCING.....................................................................................................................................9
10.APPENDICE.......................................................................................................................................9
2
1.LIST OF SYMBOLS
μ -fluid dynamic viscosity( Pa . s )
ρ -density ( kg . m−3 )
⋂ -efficiency
A -area of heat transfer ( m2 )
C - specific heat capacity( J . kg−1 . K−1 )
D-diameter ( m )
h -heat transfer coefficient( W . m−2 . K −1 )
k -thermal conductivity ( W . m−1 . K −1)
m -mass flowrate of fluid( kg . s−1 )
n - 0.4 when fluid is being heated and 0.4 when fluid is being cooled (dimensionless)
Nu-nusselt number (dimensionless)
P-perimeter of heat transfer( m )
Pr -Prandlt number ( dimensionless)
Q -power emitted or absorbed( W )
q -theoretical rate of heat transfer( W )
Re -Reynold’s number (dimensionless)
T -temperature( K )
U -overall heat transfer coefficient( W . m−2 . K −1 )
v- fluid velocity ( m . s−1 )
∆ T1 -temperature driving force at point 1 ( K )
∆ T2-temperature driving force at point 2 ( K )

∆ TLM -log mean temperature difference ( K )
3
2.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The industrial world depends heavily on heat exchangers, but it can be challenging
to identify those that can transmit heat most efficiently. This makes it necessary for
aspiring young engineers to research heat exchangers in order to grasp how they
operate and acquire insight into their potential for improving heat transmission. In
order to identify the most efficient fluid motion direction for transferring heat, the goal
of this experiment is to analyse both co-current and counter-current flow in heat
exchangers. The majority of people use heat exchangers in everyday appliances, so
it is crucial to conduct this experiment to ensure improved technology, a high quality
of life, and the environment.
The purpose of a heat exchanger is to move heat from one medium to another. Co-
current flow and counter-current flow are two different sorts of fluid motion directions
that were used in this experiment inside the heat exchanger.
A series of steps, including setting up the heat exchanger, operating in counter
current flow, and finally co-current operation, were taken in order to conduct the
experiment, which involved connecting counter current, then co-current operations to
a tubular heat exchanger with various combinations of flow rate.
The goal of this experiment is to compare the effects of countercurrent and cocurrent
flows with and without varying flow rates on heat transfer, temperature efficiency,
and temperature profiles.
3.INTRODUCTION
A piece of process equipment known as a heat exchanger is used to transfer heat
between two fluids that enter and depart at various temperatures. The equipment's
principal design goal may be to either add heat to a cold fluid or remove heat from a
hot fluid. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are divided into three categories based on
the relative direction of fluid motion: parallel flow, counter flow, and cross flow. The
hot and cold fluids flow in parallel, entering and leaving the exchanger on the same
end since they flow in the same direction. In a counterflow system, the two fluids flow
in the opposite directions, entering and leaving the exchanger from the opposing
ends.
4
4.THEORY
5.PROCEDURE
o Check that every drain valve is shut.
o Be sure the air leak valves are shut.
o To achieve the desired flow direction, confirm that the valves are opened or
closed correctly.
o Make absolutely sure the tank has enough water.
o Turn on the system's power supply.
o Adjust the thermostat to the desired set point, such as 40 degrees Celsius.
o Permit the water's temperature to rise to the desired level.
o Turn on the heat exchanger's cold-water supply.
o Execute the runs listed in the ensuing matrix.
o When changing the setup from co-current to counter current, stop the cold
stream's flow.
o Permit each run's system to attain steady state. (Everything stabilized)
6.RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS
5
6
7.DISCUSSION
7
8.CONCLUSION
8
9.REFERENCING
10.APPENDICE

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NAME: SILIZIWE DIPA

STUDENT NO: 221099425

μ -fluid dynamic viscosity( Pa . s )

C - specific heat capacity( J . kg−1 . K−1 )

h -heat transfer coefficient( W . m−2 . K −1 )

k -thermal conductivity ( W . m−1 . K −1)

m -mass flowrate of fluid( kg . s−1 )

U -overall heat transfer coefficient( W . m−2 . K −1 )

v- fluid velocity ( m . s−1 )

∆ T1 -temperature driving force at point 1 ( K )

∆ T2-temperature driving force at point 2 ( K )

6.RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

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