REPORTING SYSTEM

* What is Reporting System?

o developed to communicate the students’ achievement to families, post-secondary

institutions, and employers.
o developed for the organization of assignment scores in gradebooks (either online or

paper)
https://youtu.be/bjh5C-Ilhfk
o determination of final grades for report cards and transcripts (study abroad, job,
internship)
When you’re preparing for a study experience abroad, whether as an exchange
student for a semester or two, or for completing a full Bachelor’s or Master’s degree,
you need to go through an extensive ‘paperwork’ process. The transcript of records is
one of those important documents you’ll have to take care of and make sure the
information is properly filled in. The transcript of records, also known as academic
records or sometimes as student records, are closely linked with the learning
agreement plan, which is an official document that specifies the courses, research and
training/teaching activities you are supposed to achieve during your mobility.
The learning agreement has to be signed and approved by both your home university
and the host institution and any change should be agreed by all three parties (the
universities and yourself).
The Transcript of Records is a document you will need to present, as part of the
application process at your future host university from abroad. If you will be part of
an exchange programme, you will also need another official transcript of records at
the end of your study period, completed by the university where you attended
courses.
The Transcript of Records (ToR) consists basically of a list of the course units taken,
the exams you have passed and the credits gained.
 o reporting the level of the achievement of the students (checklist of objectives)
o above all, communicate clear information about the skills a student has mastered or
the areas where they need more support or practice (intro. Of types)

* Reporting vs Grading vs Assessment

https://www.turnitin.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-assessment-and-grading-why-does-it-
matter#:~:text=The%20goal%20of%20grading%20is,on%20what%20is%20being%20evaluated.

TYPES OF REPORTING SYSTEM

(Take note: Some types of reporting system are also used in grading system)

a. Letter-Grade System– students’ performance is summarized by means of letters. (K-12)

A letter grading system is one that uses a letter scale, instead of numbers to categorize
students into a certain band (denoted by the letter grade) according to their score. A sample letter
grading system could look like below, where letter grade and explanation follow:
These letter grades are also often ascribed a qualitative description – for instance, letter grade E and
above are passed, letter grade F fail, letter grades C and D are average, letter grade B is above
average, and letter grade A is outstanding.

Find picture of this.

*Sample in grading
*Sample in report card

Pros:
 ● Takes the pressure off students (comparison to
percentage)
● More easily achievable
● Better than a pass/fail system
● Better reflects student’s overall ability
● Understandable at a glance

Cons:
● In traditional grading, letter grades report the number of points earned
in a subject but not very much about what the student has learned.
Standards-based grading, proponents say, offers better feedback by
evaluating how well students meet measurable mileposts and
objectives. That, in turn, improves instruction for each individual
student, and it allows the student more ways to demonstrate that
they’ve learned the material before moving on.
(https://www.nea.org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/are-letter-
grades-failing-our-students)
● Low levels of accuracy
● Discourages competition, even when healthy

● Students are able to calculate their score/GPA

anyway

● Not universally applied

● Encourages lethargy

FACT : Why is there no E in letter-grade system?

Here’s the story.
To understand why there’s no E in our grading scale, we’ll have to go back 120
years ago as in 1897, we have the earliest record of a letter grade system. It was
used in the Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts and the lowest grade at that
system was E, which meant failure. The rest of the scale was A (scores between
95-100), B (scores between 94-85), C (scores between 84-75), D (scores between
74-65). Anything below 65, received the dreaded E.
In the years to come, F was added to the grading scale and basically replaced E for
failure. It actually made sense because the word failure starts with F. The scale was
tweaked and E covered the scored from 65 to 69. This new A, B, C, D, E,
F grading system was mainly used throughout the country for at least three
decades.
It all changed in the 1930s though. Because of F’s association with
failure, professors began to worry that their students would mistake E for
excellent. Thus, they removed E from the academic grading and left us with our
usual A, B, C, D, F grades!
https://theuijunkie.com/a-f-grading-scale-no-e/

(https://fedena.com/blog/2018/07/pros-and-cons-of-letter-grading-system-in-k-
12.html#:~:text=Letter%20grades%20look%20at%20cumulative,group%20of%20students%20to
%20failure.)

https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Education_and_Instructional_Assessment/
Grading/Report_Cards#:~:text=Traditional%20report%20cards%20show%20either,great
%20communication%20tool%20for%20parents.

b. Percentage-based The Percentage-Based System uses a 100% scale to grade student

performance. The sum of all the categories is 100. (K-12)
(Each assignment is assigned 100%; individual assignments are grouped into categories, which
are then assigned a different percentage or weight to calculate the final course grade. The sum
of all the categories is 100. Find picture of this.
https://commons.hostos.cuny.edu/edtech/grading-schemas-frameworks/percentage-grading-
system/
*Sample in grading
*Sample in report card (Computing Final grades through percentage)
(https://www.teacherph.com/deped-grading-system/)

pros:
 Easy to use.
 easy to interpret.
 Concise.
 More continuous than letter grades
  May be combined with letter grades.
 Students and teachers are accustomed to it.
cons:

 In percentage grading, especially with different things worth different "weights" it

is (a bit) harder for the student to know where they are likely to wind up.
 students can have a difficult time tracking their progress, or knowing, for
example, how well they must do on a test to keep their grade above a certain
percentage. In my experience
 it also takes more time as a teacher - determining how many questions to put on
a test or quiz so that percentages can be more easily calculated, for example.

c. Numbers - using number grades in multiples of 0.25 from 1.0 to 5.0 where 1.0 is the

highest and 3.0 as the lowest passing grade.

(https://www.carsu.edu.ph/?q=content/grading-system)

In the Philippines, some universities follow a 4-Point Scale, which resembles or is equivalent to
the U.S. grading system. This system uses a grade between 0.00 to 4.00 wherein 4.00 is the
highest and 0.00 being a failing mark.
Other universities follow a 5-Point Scale, wherein the highest grade is a 1.00 and the lowest is a
5.00 (failing mark). The lowest passing mark is actually a 3.00. Although usually not depicted, a
grade of 4.00 is equivalent to a grade of incomplete. If the school does not use the grade point
"4.00", it will use "INC" instead.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_Philippines)

*In grading and reporting System

 d. Pass/Fail - utilizes a dichotomous grade system. Either a student has complied and reached
certain standards, in which he passes, or he failed to do so and he gets a failing mark.
This allows all final grades of A, B, and C (and, in some cases, D) to be weighed

equally as a passing score.

*pros

 Pass/fail classes allow students to take risks and explore topics they’re interested in

without worrying about how a potentially low grade would affect their GPA (By using

this to their advantage, they can go out of their comfort zone and challenge

themselves while still having time to prioritize courses directly related to their

degree.)
  it removes the stigma around poor grades. (The traditional grading system punishes

students with low grades, even if they are technically passing. As and Bs reward

those who already excel academically, while lower grades can discourage students

and make them afraid to ask for help.)

 All students tend to engage more deeply in the course content with one another,

forgetting about the pressure to receive an A on every assignment. (Not to mention

the competition that students can have between one another! Pass/fail classes

encourage collaboration with everyone on an equal playing field, so nobody gets

caught up in the difference between a B and a B-. )

*cons

 many students can come to the conclusion that their performance no longer

matters. (This grading system asks that students only fulfill the bare minimum to

pass. But the problem is that working not to fail and working to earn an A are two

very different academic goals. Because of this, students have a higher risk of slacking

off when they know that a class is graded on a pass/fail basis. This mentality is

especially harmful if they choose to stop attending class when attendance and

participation end up counting toward their grade. It’s important that students

continue to try their hardest and take into consideration the time and effort required

to pass for course credit.)

 disadvantageous for those who want to measure their individual performance in

class (All students earn the same credentials, whether they understand the content

thoroughly or if they just barely scrape by. Not only do students who excel in these

courses miss out on a positive addition to their GPA, but they also lose a clear sense

of where they can improve in their studies. For example, in majors whose grades

accurately gauge how well prepared a student is for a specific profession, such as

medical and engineering fields, students are only taught to be “good enough” in a

pass/fail class, rather than to work harder to raise the bar.)

 may be seen by admissions offices as inadequate. (Without an actual grade to show

academic performance, a grad school may decide to ask you to retake a course that

could have otherwise counted in your undergraduate transcript. In this case, it may

be better to show that you earned a B in a class over nothing more than a passing

grade.)
 https://collegesofdistinction.com/advice/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-pass-fail-grading-
system/

*REPORT CARD
Checklist of Objectives
Uses a check list and a letter is assigned to each task depending on how well the student performed.
In this system, the objectives of the course are enumerated. After reach objective, the students’ level
of achievement is indicated: Outstanding, Very Good, Fair or Poor
(https://studylib.net/doc/10121377/grading-and-reporting-chapter-15)
*Pros
 This is a very detailed reporting system and tends to be more informative to parents and
pupils at the same time.

*Cons
 It is, however, very time consuming.
 There is also potential problem of keeping the list manageable and understandable.
*Pic the report card in elementary
 e. Letters to parents (unsure

*pros

Useful supplement to grades

*cons

Limited value as sole report, because:

a. very time consuming

b. accounts of weaknesses often misinterpreted
c. not systematic or cumulative

Great tact needed in presenting problems (lying, etc.)

*attach the sample ReportCardLettertoParents-1.docx

f. Portfolios
Is a set of purposely selected work, with commentary by student and
teacher.
How would you use portfolio in assessment, grading, and reporting?

Useful for:

a. showing student’s strengths and weaknesses

b. illustrating range of student work
c. showing progress over time or stages of a project
d. teaching students about objectives/standards they are to meet.
g. Parent-Teacher Conference

 Used mostly in elementary school

 Portfolios (when used) are useful basis for discussion
 Useful for:
a. two-way flow of information
b. getting more information and cooperation from parents
 Limited in value as the major report, because
a. time consuming
b. provides no systematic record of progress
c. some parents won’t come