SECTION 1.

3 NEW FUNCTIONS FROM OLD FUNCTIONS 31

17. =2 = 2

18. =3 2 cos = cos 2

19. = sin( 2)

= sin
2

2 1
20. = 2 = 2 2

°
32 CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS

21. = 12 (1 cos ) = cos

22. =1 2 +3 = 3 2
1

23. =| 1| = 1

24. = |cos | = cos

°
 SECTION 1.3 NEW FUNCTIONS FROM OLD FUNCTIONS 33

25.
2
14 12 = 2 ( ) = 12 + 2 sin 365
( 80) 90
(90) 12 34 12 26 12 43
12 43 12 34
12 43
0 007 1%

26. 54
0 35 40 =0

2
( ) = 4 0 + 0 35 sin 54

12 2 12 + 2
27. () =5m =7m
2 2
12 ( = 6 75 h) = 6 75 h
2
( ) = 5 cos 12
( 6 75) + 7 = 5 cos 6
( 6 75) + 7

2500 2000
28. () = 250 mL
2
2500 + 2000
= 2250 mL 4 ( ) = 250 sin 24 + 2250 = 250 sin 2
+ 2250
2
mL
29. = (| |) = ( )
= sin | | = | |

30.

=1 ( )

= ( ) 1

= ( ) 1 1=1 =1 ( )

= ( )

=1 ( )

= ( ) =1 ( )

3 2 2
31. ( )= +2 ( )=3 1 =
3 2 2 3 2
( + )( ) = ( +2 ) + (3 1) = +5 1 =( )
3 2 2 3 2
( )( ) = ( +2 ) (3 1) = +1 =
3 2 2 5 4 3 2
( )( ) = ( +2 )(3 1) = 3 +6 2 =

°
34 CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS
3 2
+2 1 2
( )= 2
= | 6= ± 3 1 6= 0
3 1 3

32. ( )= 3 =( 3] ( )= 2 1 =( 1] [1 )
( + )( ) = 3 + 2 1 =( 1] [1 3]

( )( ) = 3 2 1 =( 1] [1 3]

( )( ) = 3 · 2 1 =( 1] [1 3]

3
( )= =( 1) (1 3] = ±1
2 1
2
33. ( )=3 +5 ( )= + =
2 2 2
( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( + ) = 3( + )+5 =3 +3 +5 =
2
( )( ) = ( ( )) = (3 + 5) = (3 + 5) + (3 + 5)
2 2
=9 + 30 + 25 + 3 + 5 = 9 + 33 + 30 =

( ) = ( ( )) = (3 + 5) = 3(3 + 5) + 5 = 9 + 15 + 5 = 9 + 20 =
2 2
( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( + )=( + )2 + ( 2
+ )
4 3 2 2 4 3 2
= +2 + + + = +2 +2 + =

3
34. ( )= 2 ( )=1 4 =
( )( ) = ( ( )) = (1 4 ) = (1 4 )3 2
3 2 2
= (1) 3(1) (4 ) + 3(1)(4 ) (4 )3 2=1 12 + 48 2
64 3
2
2 3
= 1 12 + 48 64 =
3 3 3 3
( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( 2) = 1 4( 2) = 1 4 +8=9 4 =
3 3
( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( 2) = ( 2)3 2
3 3 3 2 3
=( ) 3( ) (2) + 3( )(2)2 (2)3 2= 9
6 6
+ 12 3
10 =

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (1 4 )=1 4(1 4 )=1 4 + 16 = 3 + 16 =

35. ( )= +1 ={ | 1} ( )=4 3 =

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (4 3) = (4 3) + 1 = 4 2
1 1
{ |4 3 1} = { | 4 2} = | 2
= 2

( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( + 1) = 4 +1 3
{ | ( ) }
{ | +1 0} = { | 1} = [ 1 )

( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( + 1) = +1+1
+1 0 1 +1 1
[ 1 )

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (4 3) = 4(4 3) 3 = 16 12 3 = 16 15 =

°
 SECTION 1.3 NEW FUNCTIONS FROM OLD FUNCTIONS 35

2
36. ( ) = sin ( )= +1 =
2 2
( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( + 1) = sin( + 1) =

( ) = ( ( )) = (sin ) = (sin )2 + 1 = sin2 +1 =

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (sin ) = sin(sin ) =
2 2
( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( + 1) = ( + 1)2 + 1 = 4
+2 2
+1+1= 4
+2 2
+2 =

1 +1
37. ( )= + ={ | 6= 0} ( )= ={ | 6= 2}
+2
+1 +1 1 +1 +2
( )( ) = ( ( )) = = + = +
+2 +2 +1 +2 +1
+2
2
( + 1)( + 1) + ( + 2)( + 2) +2 +1 + 2+4 +4 2 2+6 +5
= = =
( + 2)( + 1) ( + 2)( + 1) ( + 2)( + 1)

( ) = 2 ( ( )) = 2 = 1

)( ) ={ | 6= 2 1}

1 2
+1+
+ +1 2 2
1 + +1 + +1
( )( ) = ( ( )) = + = = 2 = 2
=
1 +1+2 +2 +1 ( + 1)2
+ +2

( ) =0 ( ( )) = 1
( )( ) ={ | 6= 1 0}
1 1 1 1 1 1
( )( ) = ( ( )) = + = + + 1
= + + = + + 2
+ +1 +1
2
( ) +1 +1 2+1 + ( ) 4
+ 2
+ 2 +1+ 2
= =
( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)
4
+3 2+1
= ={ | 6= 0}
( 2 + 1)
+1 + 1 + 1( + 2)
+1
+1 +2 +2 +1+ +2 2 +3
( )( ) = ( ( )) = = = = =
+2 +1 + 1 + 2( + 2) +1+2 +4 3 +5
+2
+2 +2
5
( ) = 2 ( ( )) = 3

5
( )( ) = | 6= 2 3

38. ( )= = [0 ) ( )= 1 =

( )( ) = ( ( )) = 1 = 1 = 1

{ | 1 0} = { | 1 0} = { | 1} = ( 1]

( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( )= 1
{ | ( ) }
[0 )
°
36 CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS

( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( )= = { | 0 0} = [0 )

( )( ) = ( ( )) = 1 = 1 1 ( )
2 2 2
39. ( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( ( )) = (sin( )) = 3 sin( ) 2

40. ( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( ( )) = (2 )= 2 4

3 3
41. ( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( ( + 2)) = [( + 2)2 ]
6 3 6 3 6 3
= ( +4 + 4) = ( +4 + 4) 3= +4 +1

42. ( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( ( )) = = tan

1 1
2 4 2 2 4
43. ( )=2 + ( )= ( )( ) = ( ( )) = (2 + ) = (2 + ) = ( )
2
44. ( ) = cos ( )= ( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( cos ) = (cos )2 = cos2 = ( )

45. ( )= ( )= ( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( )= = ( )
1+ 1+

46. ( )= ( )= ( )( ) = ( ( )) = = = ( )
1+ 1+ 1+
2
47. ()= ( ) = sec tan ( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( 2 ) = sec( 2 ) tan( 2 ) = ( )

tan
48. ( ) = tan ()= ( )( ) = ( ( )) = (tan ) = = ()
1+ 1 + tan
49. ( )= ( )= 1 ( )=

( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( ( )) = ( 1) = 1= ( )

50. ( )=| | ( ) = 2+ ( )=

( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( (| |)) = (2 + | |) = 2+| |= ( )

2
51. ( ) = cos ( ) = sin ()=

( )( ) = ( ( ( ))) = ( (cos )) = (sin(cos )) = [sin (cos )]2 = sin2 (cos ) = ( )

52. ( (1)) = (6) = 5 ( (1)) = (3) = 2
( (1)) = (3) = 4 ( (1)) = (6) = 3
( )(3) = ( (3)) = (4) = 1 ( )(6) = ( (6)) = (3) = 4

53. (2) = 5 (2 5) ( (2)) = (5) = 4 (5 4)

( (0)) = (0) = 3

( )(0) = ( (0)) = (3) = 0

( )(6) = ( (6)) = (6)

6
( )( 2) = ( ( 2)) = (1) = 4

( )(4) = ( (4)) = (2) = 2

°
 SECTION 1.3 NEW FUNCTIONS FROM OLD FUNCTIONS 37

54. ( ( )) =0 (0) 28 (2 8) 05
( (0)) (2 8) 05

( ) ( ( )) ( ) ( ( ))
5 02 4 0 28 05
4 12 33 1 22 17
3 22 17 2 12 33
2 28 05 3 02 4
1 3 02 4 19 22
5 41 19

55. distance = rate · time ( ) = 60

2
= ( )( ) = ( ( )) = (60 )2 = 3600 2

56. 2 cm s ( ) = (2 cm s)( s) = 2 cm
3
= 4
3
( )( ) = ( ( )) = (2 ) = 4
3
(2 )3 = 32
3
3

3
= 32
3
cm3 s

57. 6
2
+ 62 = 2
= ( )= 2 + 36

= = (30 h)( ) = 30
= ( ) = 30

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (30 ) = (30 )2 + 36 = 900 2 + 36

58. = ( ) = 350

1
2
+ 12 = 2
( )= 2 +1

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (350 ) = (350 )2 + 1

59.

0 0 0 0
()= ( )= ( ) = 120 ( )
1 0 120 0

120 240
5 =0
5 ( ) = 240 ( 5)

°
38 CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS

0 0 0 7
60. ()= () ( )= ()=
2 0 60 4( 7) 7 32
0 0
= ( )=2 () 60 ( ) = 4( 7) ( 7) 32
0

61. ( )= 1 + 1 ( )= 2 + 2

( )( ) = ( ( )) = ( 2 + 2) = 1( 2 + 2) + 1 = 1 2 + 1 2 + 1

1 2

62. ( ) = 1 04

( )( ) = ( ( )) = (1 04 ) = 1 04(1 04 ) = (1 04)2

( )( ) = (( )( )) = ((1 04)2 ) = 1 04(1 04)2 = (1 04)3

( )( ) = (( )( )) = ((1 04)3 ) = 1 04(1 04)3 = (1 04)4

( ··· )( ) = (1 04)

2
63. 4 4
2
( )= + ( )( ) = ( ( )) = (2 + 1) = (2 + 1)2 + = 4 2
+ 4 + (1 + )
2 2
( )=4 +4 +7 1+ =7 =6 ( )= +6

( ( )) = 3( ( )) + 5 = ( )
2 2 2 2
( )=3 + 3 + 2 = 3( + ) + 2 = 3( + 1) + 5 ( )= + 1

64. ( ( )) = ( + 4) = ( ) = 4 1 = 4( + 4) 17
( )=4 17

65. ( )
( )=( )( )= ( ( )) = ( ( )) = ( )
( )= ( )

66. ( )= ( ( )) = ( ( ))
2 2
( )= ( )= + ( )= +

( ( )) = ( ( )) = ( ) ( )= ( )

( ( )) = ( ( )) = ( ) ( )= ( )

°
 SECTION 1.4 THE TANGENT AND VELOCITY PROBLEMS 39

1.4 The Tangent and Velocity Problems

1. (15 250)
= 10 = 20
=
694 250 444 38 8 + ( 27 8)
5 (5 694) 5 15
= 10
= 44 4 = 33 3
2
444 250 194
10 (10 444) 10 15
= 5
= 38 8
111 250 139
20 (20 111) 20 15
= 5
= 27 8
28 250 222
25 (25 28) 25 15
= 10
= 22 2

0 250 250
30 (30 0) 30 15
= 15
= 16 6

300
9
= 33 3

2948 2530 418 2948 2661 287

2. = 42 36
= 6
69 67 = 42 38
= 4
= 71 75
2948 2806 142 3080 2948 132
= 42 40
= 2
= 71 = 44 42
= 2
= 66

71 66 42

1
3. = (2 1)
1
=1
( 1 (1 ))
(2 1) ( 1) = 1( 2)
15 (1 5 2) 2
19 (1 9 1 111 111) 1 111 111 = 3

1 99 (1 99 1 010 101) 1 010 101

1 999 (1 999 1 001 001) 1 001 001
25 (2 5 0 666 667) 0 666 667
21 (2 1 0 909 091) 0 909 091
2 01 (2 01 0 990 099) 0 990 099
2 001 (2 001 0 999 001) 0 999 001

°
40 CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS AND LIMITS

4. = cos (0 5 0)
1
0= ( 0 5) = + 2
0 (0 1) 2
04 (0 4 0 309017) 3 090170
0 49 (0 49 0 031411) 3 141076
0 499 (0 499 0 003142) 3 141587
1 (1 1) 2
06 (0 6 0 309017) 3 090170
0 51 (0 51 0 031411) 3 141076
0 501 (0 501 0 003142) 3 141587

2
5. = ( ) = 10 49 =15 = 10(1 5) 4 9(1 5)2 = 3 975 15
15+

(1 5 + ) (1 5) 10(1 5 + ) 4 9(1 5 + )2 3 975

ave = =
(1 5 + ) 15
2 2
15 + 10 11 025 14 7 49 3 975 47 49
= = = 47 49 6= 0

[1 5 2] =05 ave = 7 15 [1 5 1 6] =01 ave = 5 19

[1 5 1 55] = 0 05 ave = 4 945 [1 5 1 51] = 0 01 ave = 4 749

=15 0 47

2
6. = ( ) = 10 1 86 =1 = 10(1) 1 86(1)2 = 8 14 1 1+
2 2
(1 + ) (1) 10(1 + ) 1 86(1 + ) 8 14 6 28 1 86
ave = = = = 6 28 1 86 6= 0
(1 + ) 1

[1 2] =1 ave = 4 42 [1 1 5] =05 ave = 5 35

[1 1 1] =01 ave = 6 094 [1 1 01] = 0 01 ave = 6 2614

[1 1 001] = 0 001 ave = 6 27814

=1 0 6 28

(3) (1) 10 7 1 4 93
7. [1 3] ave = = = = 4 65
3 1 2 2

(3) (2) 10 7 5 1
[2 3] ave = = =56
3 2 1

(5) (3) 25 8 10 7 15 1
[3 5] ave = = = = 7 55
5 3 2 2

(4) (3) 17 7 10 7
[3 4] ave = = =7
4 3 1