INDEX

SR. NO. DESCRIPTION OF CHAPTER PAGE NO.

1 Introduction 5

1.1 About Our Project 6

2 Canvases and framework 7

2.1 AEIOU Framework 13

2.2 Empathy Mapping Canvas 12

2.3 Ideation Canvas 14

2.4 Product Development Canvas 16

3 Detail Design 18

3.1 Rough Design 18

3.2 Components 19

3.3 Design Of Components 19

3.3.1 Shaft 19

3.3.2 Bearing 19

3.3.3 Blade 20

3.3.4 Crank 20

3.3.5 Wheel and Gera ratio 21

3.3.6 Supporting Frame 22

3.4 AutoCAD Design 23

3.5 Design As Per Other Parameter 24

3.6 After Review of Customer 24

3.7 Cost of Parts 25

3.8 Youtube video link 25

4 Conclusion 26
5 Reference 27
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 About Our Project

• why and how select this topic.

First of all in 5th semester we were visited many places for select our community
based project topic, like society, farms, dairy, railway station, gardens, vegetable market etc.
After visited that places, from collected data we choose the farm for our project topic. We
were select farm because farm product is our primary needs and in our country major number
of peoples are farmers.

In that farm we were interacted with farmers. When we go there they are cutting their
crop. We observed that they are cut the crop by Sickle which is very time consuming and not
safe for them. We told them about advance machinery but they said that those machinery are
not affordable for them. So after observation and interact with them we decided our project
on crop cutting mechanism.

After various brainstorming sessions and iterations we settled on a final problem statement
which was “Mechanical Sickle”.

• Our Project topic

Our project is the solution for Cutting Crop with low cost and High speed. Here is the
Prototype that we have made in 5th sem. This Mechanism Work with Less human power and
safety. This mechanism is work on simple pushing it forward, So operating cost is very low

Sickle Design engineering

Development

Ideas
Innovation
Engineering
skills

Mechanical Sickle
2.Canvases and Framework

2.1 AEIOU Framework

• ACTIVITY
➢ Observation
1. Cutting the crop

2. Threshing the crop

3. Arranging the crop uniformly

4. Grain storage

➢ Element, Feature, and special notes

1. Thresher
2. Sickles
3. Water pipes
4. Farm worker
ENVIROMENT
➢ Observation
1. Proper land
2. Rainy season
3. Sunny weather
4. Proper Irrigation
➢ Element, feature and special notes
1. Crops
2. Thresher
3. Fertilizer
4. Trees
INTERECTION
➢ Observation
1. Farmer – Agriculture engineer
2. Worker – Farmer
3. Worker – crop
4. Asking for problem
5. Guiding to Worker

➢ Element, feature and special notes

1. Farmer
2. Worker
3. Agriculture
4. Crop

OBJECT
➢ Observation
1. Sickles
 2. Thresher
3. Tractors
4. Water pump

➢ Element, feature and special feature

1. Sickle – Cutting
2. Tractor – Cultivation
3. Thresher – Threshing
4. Water pump - Irrigation

USERS
➢ Observation
1. Farmer - Handling Farm and farm Worker
2. Farm Worker - Cutting Crop
3. Thresher Operator - Operate Tractor and Tractor

➢ Element, features and special notes

1. Famer
2. Farm Worker
3. Gardener
 4. Dairy farmer

2.2 EMPATHY MAPPING CANVAS:

USERS
The following users were considered:

1. Farmer
2. Farm worker
3. Dairy farmer
4. Gardener

ACTIVITIES
➢ Below are the activities we noted of the aforementioned group of users:

1. Farmer & Farm Workers: The farmer work daily activities related to cutting crop and
unwanted grass in his farm. When after the crop is ready then cut the crop.
2. Dairy Farmer: Dairy farmer also daily required grass for his animal. So he will be use
for the cut grass for his animals.
 3. Gardener: gardener is use for cut and set the lawn grass .

STACK HOLDERS
➢ Following are the stakeholders involved:

1. Farmer& Farm Worker: Farmer is also connecting with this project.

2. Thresher operator: Thresher operators operate the thresher. He takes rent for threshing
the crop.

3. Agriculture Engineer: It works deeply on farm condition in every weather.His advice to

farmer for How to increase quantity and quality of crop.
4. Manufacturing company: They manufacture the product and supply to shopkeeper.
5. Dealer: They deal with the shops for reasonable price and distribute products.
6. Seeds seller: They are selling various seed, fertilizer and agricultural pesticides for
farmer.

➢ These are the various user stories we created as a part of storyboarding process:

HAPPY STORY-1
After observing all things in farm. We told that farmers about our project can help them. They were
praised with our idea because it can help them with low cost, less time consuming & easy operate.

SAD STORY-1
When we visit the farms we got to know that small scale farmers have to cut the crops itself or with
the help of worker. They are using the sickles. This was very time consuming.

HAPPY STORY-2
During field work we visiting different farms we noticed that farmers are very hard working to
produce of crop vegetables and fruits.

SAD STORY-2
During field work when we were interacting with farmers that told us about their difficult. Which one
is talking machine for rant & their high rant & also they repairing & maintenance cost while it
breakdown.
 EMPATHI MAPPING CANVAS

2.3. IDEATION CANVAS:

PEOPLES
1. Farmer
2. Farm Workers
3. Thresher Operator
4. Agriculture Engineer
5. Transporter
6. Local public

ACTIVITY
1. Cutting
2. Safety
3. Thrashing crop
4. Irrigation crop
5. Storage crop
6. Cultivation crop

CONTEX/ SITUATION/LOCATION
- Proper land: Need the proper land for farming.
- Cultivable soil: Cultivable soil also required for batter cultivation and feed the seeds.
- Slow crop cutting: We have seen there the cutting of crop is very slow and more time
consuming by sickle.
- Proper irrigation: There was no problem for water so they were doing proper irrigation.
- Less polluted area: It was village area so there was less pollution and more greenery.

POSIBLE SOLUTIONS
- Tractor: we can use a reaper attachment on a tractor and cut the crop.
- More labour: we can use more labour and save our time.
- Proper machinery: we can use proper automatic, and semi automatic machinery for
cutting the crop.
- Reaper: reaper is the best solution for cutting the crop but it is more costly. For small
and medium scale farmer it is not affordable.
- Manual equipment: We can make manual equipment as our problem
- Harvester: Harvester is the multipurpose machine for crop. It is use for crop cutting,
crop binding, and separating the grain.
IDEATION CANVAS
 2.4 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
FUNCTION

1. Collecting the crop

2. Cutting crop
3. Arranging Crop uniformly

COMPONENT

➢ Here the components are following:

1. Gear
2. Wheel
3. Cutting Blade
4. Chain
5. Axle
6. Handle

PURPOSE

• Reduce labor cost

• They will be able to perform their work activities efficiently.
• They will be able to work easily compare to sickle, thresher etc.
• Low cost of machine
• Less maintenance

PRODUCT FEATURE

1. Low cost
2. Easy cutting at low cost
3. Less time consuming compare to sickle
4. Less human effort

COSTUMERS REVALIDATION

1. Lower life of cutting blade

2. Low Maintenance
PRODUCT EXPEIRIENCE
1. Easy to use
2. Using less effort
3. Easy to transport
4. Low Cost

PEOPLE
1. Farmer
2. Farm worker
3. Thresher operator
4. Agriculture engineer
5. Trans porters
 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

3.Detail Design
• 3.1 Rough Design
3.2 Components List
First of all we required the list of component for detail design of product. so
here list is given below.

1.Shaft
2. Bearing
3. Gear
4.Blades
5.Wheels
6.Oscilating Link
7.Crank
8. Supporting Frame

3.3 Design of Component

3.3.1 Shaft
In this Project shaft is required to transmit a Torque of 7.5 N.m . Permissible stresses in the
shaft are : 40 N/mm2 in shear (approx. for higher strength)

Solution

The Torque will cause shearing stress which is not allowed to exceed permissible value.

40 = (16Me)/ πd3 = (16x7.5x103)/ πd3

d = 22 mm
Take length of shaft is 320 mm.

3.3.2Bearing
 We already find diameter of shaft so as per diameter of shaft we select standard bearing for
that shaft. So, the dimension of inner Diameter of Bearing is 25.5mm.

• 3.3.3 Blade Design

Dimensions

5 cm

4 cm

In our project we select standard dimensions for Blades from Mahindra

Harvesters. That dimension is width - 4cm and height - 5cm.

• 3.3.4 Crank

Crank has eccentricity from center is 2 cm.

 That is derived from blades width. For complete cutting
Tooth has to be slide from it's one point same point on
it's adjacent Tooth.
so, distance(pitch) = 4cm
crank eccentricity = 4/2 = 2cm

• 3.3.5 Wheel and Gear Ratio

WHEEL

• Wheel Dimensions
In our Project two wheels are required. These wheels used for
supporting mechanism and drive the gears.

• Here we take wheels diameter is 60 cm. to get required torque and speed.

calculation
approx.
• 1 N force is required to cut the crop.
• Assume that normal human can give 50 N Force to drive mechanism
• In our mechanism the gear train and linkage is speed increasing gear train.

so, actual force transmitted to cutting blade is

• total force generated on shaft wheel = (5x0.33) = 16N.m

• force reduced by gear train ratio = 16/4 = 4N.m
• force reduce by crank = 4/2 = 2N.m
• force reduce by link = 2/2 = 1N.m= actual force transmitted to cutting blade

• Gear Ratio Calculation

• Problem Statement
In our project gear ratio is totally depended upon wheel diameter and blades
dimension.
Here, requirement is When Wheel Travel 5cm distance then Blades slides 4cm.
Because height of Tooth is 5cm so in 1 slide it cut in 5 cm length. So cutting action
exactly match with travel of machine.

• Calculation
Here, We take diameter of wheel = 30 cm
for 1 slides of tooth, crank has rotate = 0.5 rotation

distance travel by wheel in 1 rotation = πd = 3.14*30 = 94.24 cm

Requirement is At least 1 slides have to done in Every 5 cm Distance cover by

wheel.

So, total slides done in 1 Rotation of wheel = πd/5 = 94.24/5 = 18.9 ~ 20 slides

So, Require crank rotation = Total slides*0.5 = 20*0.5 = 10 rotation

Finally ratio between Wheel and Crank is = 1:10

Here we made Gear train from 2 Spure gear and 2 Bevel gear

Due to some revalidation we increase ratio 1:18

To get this ratio we set ratio between Driving spure gear and Driven spure gear = 1:6

and ratio between big bevel gear and small bevel gear = 1:3

But Driven spure gear and Big bevel gear are connected by common shaft.

So final ratio is 1:18 that we want.

• 3.3.6 Supporting Frame

 In our project we take 'L' section bar of MS material. It is used to simply support
moving part and engage all part. Here as per requirement we take 12 feet 'L' section
bar.

Supporting Frame

• 3.4 AutoCad Design

Handle

Wheel

Bevel Gear

Crank
 Bearing

Blade

• 3.5 Design As Per Other Parameter

• Design for Safety
In this project as per safety point of view it very safer than manual sickle. Because
Blade is fixed at front of machine so, There is no interaction between operator and
blade.

• Ergonomics
As per the ergonomics in our project we can change height of handle as per comfort.
So ergonomics point of view our project also good.

• Aesthetics
It is farm working related machinery so it is not look attractive as per this parameter.
So it is not good in this parameter.

• Manufacturability & Assembly

Due to simple Design, easy availability of parts, simple machining process, and low
cost of parts it's Manufacturability is very high.
And assembly point of view is also good Because of its simple design, And it can
easily assemble with only 6 nut and bolt.

• Environment
This project very environment friendly because of it runs on normal human power.
There is no use of fuel which are pollute the environment.

• Design for use

This Design can be Easily gives works for 1 year. In maintenance we have to grind
the blade for sharpening after 30 days of continuous working.

• 3.6 After Review of Customer

During test customer said that , we want The grass also convey to one side by
machine. To complete their requirement we add some Modification in our project.
 After them review we decide to add grass convey mechanism. So we Design and add
conveying mechanism in machine. That is shown in above image.

• 3.7 Cost Of Parts

Components No. of Unit Cost in ₨.

1.Shaft 1 200
2.Bearing 2 300
3.Gears 1 pair 500
4.Blades 1 pair 1000
5.Wheels 2 800
6.Oscilating Link 1 100
7.Crank 1 100
8.Structural Frame 1 500
Total - 3500/-
Labour cost 2 days 500
Overhead cost - 1500
Grand Total - 5000/- *Approx

• 3.8 Youtube video link

We made a video of our entire project work then publish it on youtube . The link
given below for access the video on youtube.

https://youtu.be/RAs3yRUdqwM

or search

Design Engineering Project" Mechanical Sickle"

 4. CONCLUSION

At last we conclude that from the above Detail design and 8 sheets our
project’s booms and boons are very well reflected with the clear appearance of
the product’s working, its capabilities, its manufacturability ,its users and the
benefits from this project. And our project works on normal human power and
cut the crop as per design aspect.
 5. REFERANCE

➢ www.studygtu.com
➢ www.google.com
➢ www.study.com
➢ www.wikipedia.com
➢ www.youtube.com
➢ www.engineeringtool.com
➢ www.gtu.ac.in
➢ www.encyclopedia.com
➢ www.youtube.com