Introduction to Energy ODD SEMESTER

YEAR 2022/2023
Technology & Business
Ika Dyah Widharyanti,
MS.

Chemical Engineering
Pertamina University
Faculty Member
2nd Floor R0GL9
Energy
Technology &
Business ? This courses discuss various forms of
the energy to power generation and fuel
in terms of technology and business;
Sourced can be from: oil and gas, coal,
geothermal, solar and wind energy,
offshore renewable energy, biofuel and
waste-fuel energy and nuclear energy.

Onshore vs offshore
Outline

STUDENT OUTCOMES CLASS RULES LECTURE TOPICS

& EVALUATION
STUDENT OUTCOMES
Student outcomes are the achievements of students through
this course, including:

2. Ability to keep up with

the trends of knowledges,
technology, and social
1. Ability to development especially in
communicate the energy sector
information, ideas,
problems and solutions .
effectively to the
community concerned
and society in general.
EVALUATION

25% Assignment 30% Mid Test

Independent assignments, group Written Examination
assignments, presentation
assignments (project)

15% Quiz 30% Final Test

Written Examination
Pop up quiz, Quiz before
Mid and Final Test
 CLASS RULES
Lecture materials,
assignment collection,
online quizzes can be
Students who are accessed at Pertamina
proven cheating during University E-Learning.
the exam will get zero
Students are prohibited on that exam
from plagiarizing while
doing assignments,
Students are required quizzes & exams.
to attend the class at
least 80% of the
meetings. If attendance
is less than 80%, the
Student is not entitled
to take final and re-
evaluation exam
LEARNING
CONTRACT
LECTURE TOPICS
Basic of energy, utilization, technology, economic and environment analysis

Fossil Energy: Oil,

Energy Overview Natural Gas & Geothermal Hydropower
Coal

Wind Energy Solar Energy Nuclear Energy Biomass

Energy Issues: Energy Storage,

Sustainability, Safety of Energy
Sources, Emission & Climate Change
Week #1
Energy Overview – part 1

Energy Definition Local and World’s Energy availability and consumption

1 2 3

Energy by source
WHAT IS
ENERGY ?
Capacity to produce work
Energy is the ability to do work
which can be in the form of heat,
light, mechanics, chemistry and
electromagnetics

(Law No. 30 of 2007)

Form of
Energy
ENERGY BY SOURCE

PRIMARY ENERGY SECONDARY ENERGY

Any form of energy source All forms of energy obtained

found in nature, which does not after converting or
go through any conversion or transforming primary energy.
transformation process.
PRIMARY
ENERGY
 Nuclear Raw
Coal Crude Oil Natural Gas Hydro
Material

Ocean waves,
Biomass Wind Geothermal Solar Radiation ocean currents,
tidal currents

PRIMARY FORM OF ENERGY

SECONDARY
ENERGY
 Coal Coke

Coal Bunsen

Crude Oil Petrol

Heat energy

Kinetic energy
Crude Oil Diesel

Electricity
Geothermal

Nuclear

Solar, Wind, Tidal, Wave

Primary Energy
Secondary Energy
ENERGY CONVERSION IN NATURE

Solar Photo-
Oxidation Work
radiation synthesis

Basically, nature also converts energy without us realizing it,

and we can feel the benefits directly.
Energy conversion
in ancient times
used the help of
animals to produce
mechanical energy
 Units in Energy
1 Joule The energy required to move a
force of 1 Newton by 1 meter

1 Watt Amount of work per unit time

(equiv J/s)

1 Calorie Amount of heat required at a pressure of

1 standard atmosphere to raise the
temperature of 1 gram (g) of water
through 1 o Celsius. 1 calorie (cal) = 4.2 Joule
 Energy
Resources

Non-renewable Renewable

• Solar energy
• Wind energy
Non-fossil fuel Fossil Fuel
• Ocean energy
• Hydro energy
• Thorium • Coal • Geothermal
• Uranium • Petroleum • Biomass
• Natural gas
• Shale (oil, gas)

Source: Basic of energy and environment

 HULU (UPSTREAM: EKSPLORASI +PRODUKSI
VS HILIR (DOWNSTREAM: PENGOLAHAN)
Non-Renewable
Energy
Non-renewable energy sources
are sources of energy
produced from energy
resources that will run out if
exploited continuously,
including oil, natural gas, coal,
peat, and bitumen shale.

- Law No. 30 of 2007 -

Fossil
Energy
Non-Fossil
Energy
Renewable
Energy

Renewable energy sources are forms

of energy that will never run out.

All renewable energy sources come

from nature and will last as long as
they are available in nature.
How is the World's Energy Availability and Consumption?
Electricity Demand
Carbon emission reduction2 ● Scenario Rapid: is based on a series of policy
measures, led by a significant increase in carbon
prices, such that carbon emissions from energy
use fall by around 70% by 2050
● Scenario Net Zero: assumes that the policies in
Rapid are reinforced by significant shifts in
societal behaviours and preferences which
further accelerate the reduction in carbon
emissions.
● Scenario Business as Usual: assumes that
government policies, technologies and social
preferences continue to evolve in a manner and
speed seen over the recent past.

Sumber: BP Energy Overview 2020

Changes in Electricity Demand (2018-2050)

● Scenario Rapid & Scenario Net Zero → shows a shift in

the use of electricity to the transportation sector. This
could be due to the large-scale use of electric cars.

● Scenario Business as Usual → shows the same

conditions today where the use of electricity is mostly in
the household (building) and industrial sectors

Sumber: BP Energy Overview 2020

Technology to Help Balance the Electricity Sector

Sumber: BP Energy Overview 2020

Electricity Capacity Additions from Renewable Energy

Sumber: IEA, Renewable electricity capacity additions, 2007-2021, updated IEA forecast, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/renewable-electricity-
capacity-additions-2007-2021-updated-iea-forecast
 WORLD TOTAL
ENERGY SUPPLY
BY SOURCE

IEA, World total energy supply by source, 1971-2018,

IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-
statistics/charts/world-total-energy-supply-by-
source-1971-2018
 The world's energy consumption in 2020
(the pandemic era)
Fact…
● World energy demand fell 3.8% in the first quarter of 2020
● World coal demand fell 8% compared to the first quarter of 2019
● Petroleum demand down 5% in Q1 2020
● Renewable's energy is the only energy source that will develop during
2020 along with the addition of the installed energy capacity
● Electricity demand is reduced by up to 20% in some countries that
implement full lockdown

IEA (2020), Global Energy Review 2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020

PERCENTAGE OF THE WORLD'S PRIMARY ENERGY NEED
JANUARI-APRIL 2020

IEA (2020), Global Energy Review 2020, IEA, Paris

https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020
 ELECTRICITY MIX IN CHINA
JANUARI-JULI 2020

Sumber: https://www.iea.org/reports/covid-19-impact-on-electricity
Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption: Challenges, lessons and emerging opportunities
by Peng Jiang,a Yee Van Fan,b and Jiří Jaromír Klemešb,⁎
Impacts of COVID-19 on energy demand and consumption: Challenges, lessons and emerging opportunities
by Peng Jiang,a Yee Van Fan,b and Jiří Jaromír Klemešb,⁎

The different sources of energy

consumption of physical and virtual
schools/offices.

Note: Red boxes indicated with a negative

(minus) sign shows the other effects which could
be minimised or overrule the positive effects of
e-office (teleworking) and e-schools (e-learning),
in green. The lengths of boxes denote rough
estimates of the magnitude of the effect. A longer
length means a higher effect.
How is Indonesia's Energy Availability and Consumption?
RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL
Source: BPPT outlook energy Indonesia 2021

ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY

POTENTIAL OIL
NATURAL GAS POTENTIAL
COAL POTENTIAL
INDONESIA'S TOTAL ENERGY SUPPLY BY SOURCE
INDONESIA'S TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SOURCE
INDONESIA'S TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR
INDONESIA ENERGY CONSUMPTION
BY SOURCE AND SECTOR IN 2019

Source: BPPT outlook energy Indonesia 2021

 NEXT WEEK
Energy Overview – part 2

Evolution of Energy Use National Energy Policy Concept

1 2 3

Energy Security

References:
● https://energytracker.asia/renewable-energy-in-indonesia/
● https://www.statista.com/topics/5781/energy-in-indonesia/
● https://www.iea.org/countries/indonesia
● https://www.iea.org/reports/covid-19-impact-on-electricity
Task #1
• Prepare a 2 page summary of the article
A review on Electric Vehicles:
Technologies and Challenges. Provision:
font calibri, text size 12 & line spacing
1.15
• To be submitted next week (Week #2)
• Individual assignments, it is forbidden to
copy-paste friends' answers
• Lecturers can use Turnitin to check
plagiarism between students