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Gateway

A gateway connects different types of networks that use different protocols. It translates packets from the format and protocol of one network to the format and protocol of another network, allowing communication between the otherwise incompatible networks. Gateways operate at the network layer and can translate between any layer protocols. Common uses of gateways include connecting networks for voice calls, IoT devices, cloud storage, cellular access, and wireless networks. Gateways provide security features, support multiple protocols, and enable visibility and analytics capabilities.

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267 views11 pages

Gateway

A gateway connects different types of networks that use different protocols. It translates packets from the format and protocol of one network to the format and protocol of another network, allowing communication between the otherwise incompatible networks. Gateways operate at the network layer and can translate between any layer protocols. Common uses of gateways include connecting networks for voice calls, IoT devices, cloud storage, cellular access, and wireless networks. Gateways provide security features, support multiple protocols, and enable visibility and analytics capabilities.

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s_samit
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Gateway

A gateway, as the name suggests, it will settle for and transfer the
packet across networks employing a completely different protocol.

A gateway is also call as a protocol converter. They work as messenger


agents that take data from one system, interpret it, convert it according to
format of second system protocol and transfer it to that system, so while
using gateway, format of packet gets changed.

A gateway is typically uses on the network layer of the Open Systems


Interconnection (OSI) model, but it could be theoretically deployed on
any of the OSI layers, depending on type of protocol they support in
Network. Therefore, Gateway works in OSI model’s all layer.
Default Gateway: The default gateway is the node that forwards the
packet from the source to other networks when there is no routing
information about the destination i.e. host (or router) does not know where
the destination is present. Default means that the designated device is
the first option that has looked upon when data needs to exit the
network.

How do Computer know if another computer is on their own


network or on a different network?
Types of Default Gateways
Internet default gateways are typically one of two types:

 In home or small business networks with a broadband router to share


the internet connection, the home router serves as the default
gateway.
 In home or small business networks without a router, such as for
residences with dial-up internet access, a router at the internet
service provider location serves as the default gateway.
 How is a gateway different from a router?
A gateway connects networks, while a router typically delivers data
within a network.
Historically, gateways and routers have been separate devices. However,
it is becoming more common for their functions to be combined and
simply called a router. For example, the Wi-Fi routers commonly
provided for home and small business internet service are both a router
(delivering data) and a gateway (translating it so destination devices
can use it).

Types of Gateway
Gateway in a computer network has mainly two types as Unidirectional
and Bidirectional Gateways.
Standalone or virtual gateways (consolidates information and service)
may be placed anywhere in a network where translation is needed. They
can be unidirectional (allowing data to flow in only one direction) or
bidirectional (allowing data to flow both in and out of a network).

Configuring gateways: -
1. Using multiple configuration files : -
Most gateways are configured using a properties file, a map
definition file, a start-up command file, and a table replication
definition file.
The map definition file defines how the gateway maps alert fields
(columns) in an Object Server table to fields in a target database
or application.
The table replication definition file defines how data is
replicated between an ObjectServer and a target database or
application. Replicate data to support high availability, backup,
and/or disaster recovery.
The start-up command file contains a set of commands that the
gateway runs automatically each time it starts.

2. Creating conversion tables


You can create conversion tables to enable certain data
conversions to take place between fields.

 How does a network gateway work?


Gateway can be implement completely in software, hardware or in a
combination of both.
A physical network gateway includes network interface cards (NICs)
and inputs and outputs — usually Ethernet and software for translating
network protocols.

 Gateway functions may also be defined, deployed, and controlled


through software, and are increasingly, built into routers and other
equipment.

As an entry or exit point for data, a gateway can be use in a variety of


security processes, such as a firewall to scan and filter data or a proxy
server to maintain restricted access to certain applications or assets.

Proxy Server The basic purpose of Proxy servers is to protect the


direct connection of Internet clients and internet resources. The proxy
server also prevents the identification of the client's IP address when the
client makes any request is made to any other servers
 Use cases for network gateways
A network gateway is commonly use to provide LAN or WAN access to
the internet. However, a gateway can be deployed anywhere within a
network to perform specific functions according to workflow and needed
services
1. Voice over IP (VoIP): A VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)
gateway translates legacy analogy landline voice and fax
transmissions into digital VoIP.

2. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT devices with their own protocols


may require certain gateway capabilities to connect to IT
networks and servers.

For example: Bluetooth, Zigbee (allows smart objects to work


together.), fog computing.
3. Cloud storage: A cloud storage gateway translates storage service
APIs to either block-based storage protocols or file-based storage
interfaces, enabling use by multicloud applications.

File storage organizes and represents data as a hierarchy of


files in folders; block storage chunks data into arbitrarily
organized, evenly sized volumes; and object storage manages
data and links it to associated metadata.

4. Cellular access: Cellular gateways transpose a cellular signal into


wired WAN Ethernet or provides the ability to make cellular data
compatible with the local and wide network.

5. Wireless access: The wireless access involves both a gateway built


into the router (to convert the data from wireless LAN to wired or
wireless WAN) and the NIC in the local device.

6. Internet-To-Orbit Gateway (I2O) − It connects devices on the


Internet to satellites and spacecraft orbiting the earth. Two
prominent I2O gateways are Project HERMES and Global
Educational Network for Satellite Operations (GENSO).

 Gateway features and capabilities

1. Security: The network gateway can be implement as firewalls and


security software. Cloud Security features where Secure Internet
Gateway (SIGs) provides multiple levels of defense against
internet-based threats.

2. Multiprotocol: A network gateway should be customizable and


programmable so it can work with a variety of network protocols.
This capability provides greater flexibility.
3. Visibility
Since it is often the single connection among networks, the gateway
is a natural place to monitor and measure network activity. It's
important for a gateway to be observable and to allow updates with
new instructions when necessary.

4. Analytics
With monitoring and observability software, a network gateway can
also play a role in collecting information from other parts of the
network, assisting in diagnostics, and troubleshooting.

Linked Terms:
Fog Computing: -
1. This selected data is chosen for long-term storage and is less
frequently accessed by the host.
2. It is used when the data should be analyzed within a fraction of
seconds i.e Latency should be low.
3. Real-world examples where fog computing is used are in IoT
devices (eg. Car-to-Car Consortium, Europe), Devices with
Sensors, Cameras (IIoT-Industrial Internet of Things), etc.
ZeeBee:-
1. ZigBee is a Personal Area Network task group with low rate task
group 4 so it is based on IEEE 802.15.4 and is created by Zigbee
Alliance.
2. It is a technology of home networking. ZigBee is a technological
standard created for controlling and sensing the network.
3. IEEE802.15.4 developed the PHY and MAC layer whereas, the
ZigBee takes care of upper higher layers.
IEEE Standard: - The physical layer (PHY) and medium access
control (MAC) sublayer specifications for low-data-rate
wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices
with no battery or very limited battery consumption
requirements are defined in this standard.
Q: - An electric device used to connect different types of topologies
having same protocol
A. Repeater
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q:- Which of the following devices understands the format and


contents of the data and translate message from one format to
another.
A. Repeater
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q: - Identify the device from the following option that usually links
two heterogeneous packed network.

A. Full Duplex Switch


B. Hub
C. Bridge
D. Gateway

Q: - A network point that provides entrance into another network, is


called ___________

A. Full Duplex Switch


B. Hub
C. Bridge
D. Gateway

Q: - Gateway is
A. Two Layer Switch
B. Three Layer Switch
C. All Layers Switch
D. None of above

Q: - If we need to split a 10Base5 into two independent LANs with


each LAN using different higher-level protocol, we need a _______
A. Repeater
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q: - Gateway recognize _______________ Layers addresses.


A. data link
B. data and network
C. data link, network and transport
D. None of above

Q: - The Table of a router performing function router as gateway


normally contains addresses belonging to ___________ protocol(s).
A. single
B. two
C. multiprotocol
D. None of above

Q: - A _______ performs data translation and protocol conversion


functions.
A. Repeater
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q: - A ________ uses logical address.


A. Repeater
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q: - Which one has overhead


A. Repeater
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q:- Which of the following device is used to connect two systems,


especially if the system use different protocol ?
A. Hub
B. Bridge
C. Gateway
D. Router

Q:- Repeaters operates in which layer of OSI model?

A. Physical Layer
B. Data Link Layer
C. Network Layer
D. Transport Layer

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