Lambojo, Andrea Rhei M. Seat No.

: 307

GED102-B11

MODULE 4: EXERCISE 2.1

Answer each problem completely.

1. The following is the preference table from a science club election where the candidates are
Arrow (A), Bennett (B), Candice (C), and Danny (D).

Number of Votes 42 23 35 28 14
1st choice A B C A D
2nd choice D A D B A
3rd choice B C B D C
4th choice C D A C B

Determine the winner of the election using the indicated method.

a. Plurality method

Getting all the total of 1st choice votes, you will obtain the following:

Candidate Ranking Total 1st choice votes

A 1 2 3 1 4 70
B 3 1 4 2 1 37
C 4 3 2 4 3 0
D 2 4 1 3 2 35
No. of Voters 42 23 35 28 14 142

Candidate A (Arrow) has the greatest number of first choice votes but he wins in the science club
election according to the plurality method.

b. Plurality with elimination method

Solution:

For round 1, candidate C (Candice) should be eliminated.

Candidate Total 1st choice votes

A 70
B 37
C 0
D 35
Round 2

Candidate Ranking
A 1 2 2 1 3
B 3 1 3 2 1
D 2 3 1 3 2
No. of votes 42 23 35 28 14

Candidate Total 1st choice votes

A 42+28=70
B 23+14=37
D 35

Candidate A (Arrow) is the winner for this method for he has the greatest number of votes than
Candidates B and C who have the lower and lowest number of votes.

c. Borda count

n=4 CANDIDATE A
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
1 4 42 168
2 3 23 69
3 2 35 70
1 4 28 112
4 1 14 14
Borda Count= 433

n=4 CANDIDATE B
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
3 2 42 84
1 4 23 92
4 1 35 35
2 3 28 84
1 4 14 56
Borda Count= 351

n=4 CANDIDATE C
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
4 1 42 42
3 2 23 46
2 3 35 105
4 1 28 28
3 2 14 28
 Borda Count= 249

n=4 CANDIDATE D
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
2 3 42 126
4 1 23 23
1 4 35 140
3 2 28 56
2 3 14 42
Borda Count= 387

The candidate with the highest Borda count is candidate A. Thus, candidate A wins the science club
election.

d. Top two run off

Candidate Ranking Total 1st choice votes

A 1 2 3 1 4 70
B 3 1 4 2 1 37
C 4 3 2 4 3 0
D 2 4 1 3 2 35
No. of Voters 42 23 35 28 14

The top two candidates with the highest number of first choice votes are candidates A and B.
Thus, remove candidates C and D from the list.

Candidate Ranking Total 1st

choice votes
A 1 2 1 1 2 105
B 2 1 2 2 1 37
No. of Votes 42 23 35 28 14

Thus, candidate A wins this election.

e. Pairwise comparison

Number of 42 23 35 28 14 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
A(winner) 1 2 3 1 4 42+35+28=105
B 3 1 4 2 1 23+28+14=65

Number of 42 23 35 28 14 Total 1st

Voters choice votes
A(winner) 1 2 3 1 4 42+23+28=93
C 4 3 2 4 3 35+14=49
 Number of 42 23 35 28 14 Total 1st
Voters choice votes
A(winner) 1 2 3 1 4 42+23+28=93
D 2 4 1 3 2 35+14=49

Number of 42 23 35 28 14 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
B(winner) 3 1 4 2 1 42+23+28+14=107
C 4 3 2 4 3 23+35+14=72

Number of 42 23 35 28 14 Total 1st

Voters choice votes
B 3 1 4 2 1 23+28+14=65
D(winner) 2 4 1 3 2 42+35=77

Number of 42 23 35 28 14 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
C 4 3 2 4 3 23
D(winner) 2 4 1 3 2 42+35+28+14=119

A B C D
A A A A
B B D
C D
D

From the above table, Candidate A (Arrow) has the highest number of wins. Therefore, he should be the
winner by the pairwise comparison method.

2. One hundred customers were asked to rank their choices of five most popular fast food chains
in the country. The results are shown in the preference table below.

Number of Votes 72 20 25 18 7
1st choice A B C A D
2nd choice D A D B A
3rd choice B C B D C
4th choice C D A C B
Determine the most popular fast food chain using the indicated method.

a. Plurality method

Getting all the total of 1st choice votes, you will obtain the following:

Candidate Ranking Total 1st choice votes

A 1 2 3 1 4 90
B 3 1 4 2 1 27
C 4 3 2 4 3 0
D 2 4 1 3 2 25
No. of Voters 72 20 25 18 7 142

Candidate A has the highest number of first choice votes but wins in the most popular fast food chain
according to the plurality method.

b. Plurality with elimination method

For round 1, candidate C should be eliminated.

Candidate Total 1st choice votes

A 90
B 27
C 0
D 25

Round 2

Candidate Ranking
A 1 2 2 1 3
B 3 1 3 2 1
D 2 3 1 3 2
No. of votes 72 20 25 18 7

Candidate Total 1st choice votes

A 72+18=90
B 20+7=27
D 25

Candidate A is the winner for this method for he has the greatest number of votes than Candidates B
and C who have the lower and lowest number of votes.
c. Borda count

n=4 CANDIDATE A
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
1 4 72 288
2 3 20 60
3 2 25 50
1 4 18 72
4 1 7 7
Borda Count= 477

n=4 CANDIDATE B
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
3 2 72 144
1 4 20 80
4 1 25 25
2 3 18 54
1 4 7 28
Borda Count= 331

n=4 CANDIDATE C
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
4 1 72 72
3 2 20 40
2 3 25 75
4 1 18 18
3 2 7 14
Borda Count= 219

n=4 CANDIDATE D
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
2 3 72 216
4 1 20 20
1 4 25 100
3 2 18 36
2 3 7 21
Borda Count= 393
 The candidate with the highest Borda count is candidate A. Thus, candidate A wins the most popular
fast food chain.

d. Top two run off

Candidate Ranking Total 1st choice votes

A 1 2 3 1 4 90
B 3 1 4 2 1 27
C 4 3 2 4 3 0
D 2 4 1 3 2 25
No. of Voters 72 20 25 18 7

The top two candidates with the highest number of first choice votes are candidates A and B. Thus,
remove candidates C and D from the list.

Candidate Ranking Total 1st

choice votes
A 1 2 1 1 2 118
B 2 1 2 2 1 27
No. of Votes 72 20 25 18 7

Thus, candidate A wins the customers’ choices.

e. Pairwise comparison

Number of 72 20 25 18 7 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
A(winner) 1 2 3 1 4 72+25+18=115
B 3 1 4 2 1 20+18+7=45

Number of 72 20 25 18 7 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
A(winner) 1 2 3 1 4 72+20+18=110
C 4 3 2 4 3 25+7=32

Number of 72 20 25 18 7 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
A(winner) 1 2 3 1 4 72+20+18=110
D 2 4 1 3 2 25+7=32

Number of 72 20 25 18 7 Total 1st choice

 Voters votes
B(winner) 3 1 4 2 1 72+20+18+7=117
C 4 3 2 4 3 25+7=32

Number of 72 20 25 18 7 Total 1st

Voters choice
votes
B 3 1 4 2 1 20+18+7=45
D(winner) 2 4 1 3 2 72+25=97

Number of 72 20 25 18 7 Total 1st choice

Voters votes
C 4 3 2 4 3 25
D(winner) 2 4 1 3 2 72+25+18+7=122

A B C D
A A A A
B B D
C D
D

From the above table, Candidate A has the highest number of wins. Therefore, he should be the winner
by the pairwise comparison method.

3. Forty senior high school students from a math class were asked to pick four varieties of food
that will be served for a dinner event. The students were allowed to vote for more than one
choice. The results are shown in the table below.

Choices Number of students who voted

Korean food and American food 7
American food and Filipino food 7
Chinese food and Filipino food 8
Korean food, American food, and Chinese food 14
All four kinds of food 4

Which food will be served for the dinner event using the approval voting method?

Solution

Tallying the votes, you will obtain the following:

Candidate Number of Votes

American food 7+7+14+4=32
 Chinese food 8+14+4=26
Korean food 7+14+4=25
Filipino food 7+8+4=19

Hence, the American food will be served for the dinner event with 32 votes.

4. Shown below is the preference list for three candidates. Determine the winner using the
Borda count method.

Candidate Ranking
A 3 2 1
B 1 3 3
C 2 1 2
Total Votes 83 75 5
Does this election violate the majority criterion using the Borda count method?

n=3 CANDIDATE A
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
3 1 83 83
2 2 75 150
1 3 5 15
Borda Count= 248

n=3 CANDIDATE B
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
1 3 83 249
3 1 75 75
3 1 5 5
Borda Count= 329

n=3 CANDIDATE C
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
2 2 83 166
1 3 75 225
2 3 5 15
Borda Count= 406

The candidate with the highest Borda count is candidate C. Thus, candidate C wins. The Borda count
method doesn’t violate the majority criterion.

5. Given the customers’ preference list for three different choices of ice cream flavors, determine
the top choice of the customers using the Borda count method. Re-evaluate the vote counting
if the option cheese flavor is removed from the choices and determine if the IIA criterion is
violated.
 Choices Ranking
Cheese 2 1 3
Chocolate 1 2 2
Mango 3 3 1
Total Votes 6 81 90
There are 3 candidates and 50 voters in an election.

Borda Count Method

n=3 CHEESE
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
2 2 6 12
1 3 81 243
3 1 90 90
Borda Count= 345

n=3 CHOCOLATE
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
1 3 6 18
2 2 81 162
2 2 90 180
Borda Count= 360

n=3 MANGO
RANK Rank Point No. of Votes Total
3 1 6 6
3 1 81 81
1 3 90 270
Borda Count= 357

a. What is the maximum number of votes that a candidate can receive using the Borda count
method?

The maximum number of votes using Borda count method that a candidate can receive is 360 votes
which is the Chocolate flavor.

b. What is the minimum number of votes that a candidate can receive?

The minimum number of votes that a candidate can receive is 345 votes which is the Cheese ice
cream flavor.

Removing the option cheese flavor from the choices still, the chocolate flavor has the highest
number of votes and IIA criterion using the Borda count method is violated.