United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.

Background Guide

Agenda: Addressing the Human Rights of Women in Conflict and Post-

Conflict situations with special reference to Menstrual and Sexual Health.

Table of Contents

1. Letter from the Executive Board

2. Introduction to Committee
3. Introduction to the Agenda
 4. History
5. Effects of
a. Economic
b. Ethical
c. Political
d. Social
6. Laws and Paperwork related to the agenda
a. Important Actions
b. Important Resolutions
c. Important Conventions and Treaties
7. Relevant Case Studies
a. Syria
b. Yemen
8. Questions a Resolution Must Answer (QARMA)
9. Position Paper Guidelines
10. Resolution Guidelines

Letter from the Executive Board

Congratulations on getting the opportunity to participate in IHMUN’23. To
the veterans of MUN, we promise you a very enriching debate that you’ve never
experienced before and to the newcomers, we are excited to be a part of your maiden
voyage. The importance of our generation being ‘ready enough’ to accept various
challenges that lie ahead of us can hardly be overstated. What we desire from the
delegates is not how experienced or articulate they are. Rather, we want to see how
she/he/them can respect disparities and differences of opinion, and work around these,
while extending their foreign policy so that it encompasses more of the others without
compromising their stand, thereby reaching a unanimously acceptable practical
solution.

The following pages intend to guide you with the nuances of the agenda as
well as the Council. The Guide chronologically touches upon all the different aspects
that are relevant and will lead to fruitful debate in the Council. It will provide you
with a bird’s eye view of the gist of the issue. However, it has to be noted that the
background guide only contains certain basic information which may form the basis
for the debate and your research. You are the representative of your allotted country
and we hope that you put in wholehearted efforts to research and comprehensively
grasp all important facets of the diverse agenda. All the delegates should be prepared
well to make the council’s direction and debate productive. After all, only then will
you truly be able to represent your country in the best possible way.
 We encourage you to go beyond this background guide and delve into the
extremities of the agenda to further enhance your knowledge of a burning global
issue.

Regards,
Chairperson- Saniya Philip

Introduction to Committee

The United Nations Commission on Status of Women, an

intergovernmental body established as a functional commission of the Economic and
Social Council (ECOSOC) in the year 1946, aims to promote gender equality and
empower women. The Commission focuses on documenting the reality of women’s
lives throughout the world, promoting human rights and shaping global standards on
gender equality and empowerment of women.
The UNCSW’s original modus operandi or mandate was to “prepare
recommendations and reports to the Economic and Social Council on promoting
women's rights in political, economic, civil, social and educational fields'' and to make
recommendations “on urgent problems requiring immediate attention in the field of
women’s rights. Later the Section on the Status of Women of the United Nations
Secretariat was established in the Human Rights Division of the United Nations to
provide secretariat functions.
The Commission has elaborated multi-year programmes for the years 2021-
2024, where the theme for priority 2022 was achieving gender equality and the
empowerment of all women and girls in the context of climate change, environmental
and disaster risk reduction policies and programmes and review agenda was women’s
economic empowerment in the changing world of work.
Through the years of the committee's functioning, various conclusions and
agreements have been made based on the priority theme of the committee and
concrete recommendations have been provided to governments, intergovernmental
bodies and other institutions. The committee collaborates with relevant stakeholders
and civil society actors like NGOs, non-profit organisations, community groups, and
labour and employee unions to uplift women and promote gender equality.

Introduction to the Agenda

This simulation of the UNCSW focuses on the prime issue of menstrual and sexual
health that affects women in areas of ongoing conflict and post-conflict. This agenda
has been chosen to be spoken about as it is the need of the hour and finds particular
relevance in conflict and post-conflict zones. We are all entitled to human rights.
These include the right to live free from violence and discrimination; to enjoy the
highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; to be educated; to own
property; to vote; and to earn an equal wage.
But across the globe, many women and girls still face discrimination based on
sex and gender. Gender inequality underpins many problems which disproportionately
affect women and girls, such as domestic and sexual violence, lower pay, lack of
access to education, and inadequate healthcare.

For many years women’s rights movements have fought hard to address this
inequality, campaigning to change laws or taking to the streets to demand their rights
are respected. And new movements have flourished in the digital age, such as the
#MeToo campaign which highlights the prevalence of gender-based violence and
sexual harassment. These inequalities are only heightened when it comes to vulnerable
areas of conflict and post-conflict.

In the nexus of politics that operates in conflict zones, women and their access
to basic rights are often left out. The cascading struggles and complex effects that
ensue before, during and after the war significantly alter women’s lives and demand a
gendered lens of analyzing conflict. The conflict zone then offers a curious space for
research, one that remains underdeveloped and quite unexplored. This gives us the gap
to discuss and therefore solve the issues that are more often than not faced by a large
number of the female population in such scenarios.

History
The feminist movement, widely known as the women’s liberation movement
has had three ‘waves’. While the first wave aimed at the legal rights of women,
especially voting rights. The second wave of the feminist movement focuses on a
plethora of rights of women in the realms of work (equal pay for equal work),
political, sexual and domestic. It included sexism in the household, institutions of
higher learning, and the media. Other key issues included access to birth control and
the intersectional effects of class and race. The third wave of feminism was a legacy
that would be arched in history. It includes agendas such as Intersectionality,
Reproductive Rights, Individual empowerment, Violence against Women and sexual
liberation. This began the much talked about topic of feminism which has relevance
even today and will continue to until women get the rights that they deserve.
Women and girls of all ages are entitled to human rights, and to exercise
them, irrespective of any sort of discrimination. These rights affect all realms of the
lives of these individuals- physical, mental, societal, ethical and psychological. The
landmark 1995 framework of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action pledges
to promote and protect the human rights of all women in 12 areas of concern. It has
achieved remarkable success since its initiation but has only partly achieved its goal of
a world where women are empowered to be equal to men in all aspects and the
conventional realization of their rights.
The conflict has always affected the naive people living in those areas. It
makes them vulnerable, and all the more fragile to acts of brutality. Women, in
specific, face more critical changes in such scenarios of combat. They are deprived of
basic rights such as access to healthcare facilities and menstrual products to name a
few. Menstruation, already an undercut, silenced topic in some nations due to societal
pressure, is completely ignored in such areas. Essential supplies namely sanitary pads,
undergarments, toiletries and even water are not accessible and this is a matter of
grave concern as the menstrual health of a female directly influences her overall
health of her.
Privacy is a far cry when it comes to areas of conflict and even if there is,
the unhygienic environment of the lavatories forces them to change their menstrual
supplies elsewhere, which was the case of the girls in the displacement camps of Syria
and Lebanon in 2017. Some of them feel uncomfortable asking male persons of the
family for sanitary supplies, stay ignorant of it and keep them for long periods which
in turn affects their intimate health.
To add to all these, social-cultural practices specific to some countries add
to the taboos of menstruation. In Nepal, according to a practice called ‘Chaupadi’,
women and girls are kept isolated during the menstrual cycle. In Sierra Leone, it is a
belief that already used sanitary pads can be used to make a person sterile, which will
prove to be extremely harmful to the women in future as bacteria get accumulated
According to WHO, “…a state of physical, emotional, mental and social
well-being concerning sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction
or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and
sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual
experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be
attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected
and fulfilled.”
Sexual and other forms of gender-based violence have always existed in the
world, conflicted zone or not, targeted or not. They have a lasting impact on the
psychological and mental health of a woman and the wartime surrounding cause for
all the more trauma. Based on a survey conducted by BMC, Rape was reported by
11% of displaced women surveyed in Colombia; 19% of surveyed women in Burundi;
25% of women surveyed in Azerbaijan; and 39% of women during the Rwandan
genocide. Rape is only one among the many ways in which sexual violence is
committed against women. It is therefore, of utmost importance that women in these
regions are provided with proper obstetric and antenatal care for pregnant women,
access to contraceptive information and services, including emergency contraception,
and access to safe abortion and post-abortion care, but more often than not, they are
prevented, rather unable to access such facilities.

Effects of Conflict on Women

Sexual and Menstrual Health

Women are one of the most vulnerable groups during and post-conflict for
more reasons than just violence since large amounts of internal displacement and
trafficking is prominent in each armed conflict. Lack of protection exposes women
and girls to abuse - including sexual assault which increases their risks of exposure to
various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Women living in conflict areas lack
basic sexual and reproductive services including healthcare centres, dispensaries,
primary care facilities, etc. Women of reproductive age living in the vicinity of highly
vigorous conflict have three times the mortality as opposed to women living in a
peaceful setting.
Menstruation impacts the lives of all people who menstruate. It is not
limited to cis-gender females. Non-binary people who menstruate face alarming levels
of marginalisation and exclusion. This results in restriction of their freedom, choices,
and mobility and negatively impacts their participation in school and societal life.
Such a culture also prevents non-binary people from accessing essential health and
education services. These challenges are magnified for people who menstruate in
armed conflicts. Thus, leaving them out of any conversation related to menstruation is
unjustifiably oppressive.

Economic

Conflict always has repercussions and consequences. Adding to the

horrific humanitarian costs, it results in dire economic risks. According to research
conducted, women in conflict and post-conflict regions are more prone to seeking paid
jobs due to a plethora of reasons including that the male heads of the house have been
killed due to the combat, an increase in female‐headed households, and changes in the
economic opportunities that are available after conflict (for example, petty trade and
agricultural labour jobs, which are often more acceptable to women than to men).
Nevertheless, women are still victims of their human rights being taken away, as they
are paid less for the same work that men take up. They are obligated to work in brutal
conditions without even access to basic needs. Not to mention the harassment they
face in the workplace from male co-workers.

Ethical

Women in conflict zones are more often than not affronted with ethical
judgments coming from society. They are rejected by their only family members after
being disturbed by sexual or other kinds of gender-based violence, as they are
considered impious and blasphemous. The mental trauma that they go through is
unimaginable when the people they expect the most help from, their family members
have distanced them stating that they are abominations, and for something that they
had no control over. The environment in conflict areas for women’s fundamental
rights was so difficult, particularly in the IDP areas, that it was neither safe, ethical,
nor feasible to select women at random and encourage them to disclose experiences of
sexual violence, and so, most of the women subjected to such heinous acts don’t even
open up about the same for any kind of justice to be given to them.

Political

The political economy of any nation pivots fundamentally on two broad

facets, power and resources and how they are divided and contested (either through
violent or non-violent means) in different contexts: stable, conflict and post-conflict.
Gendered power differences tend to shift constantly and in many conflicts, women’s
new roles as economic providers seem to especially threaten masculine authority.
Including gender in the political economy of health systems illustrates how females,
males and people of other genders live, work and relate to each other at all levels of
the health system. Twenty years ago, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
passed Resolution 1325 to support women’s participation in peace negotiations, and
post-conflict reconstruction, and to protect women and girls from wartime sexual
violence. Physical, verbal and sexual violence against women and girls is used to
impose political agendas, humiliate opponents and destroy communities. It is used as a
weapon of war against the enemy.
Most recently, with the added economic, health and social stressors of
Covid-19, domestic violence cases are on the rise for women in conflict settings, such
as in Yemen. In the Yemen conflict, the number of female-headed households has
risen considerably, forcing women to take on new roles with very limited support as
many men are fighting in the conflict and are unable to return to their families.

Social
When a woman is subjected to any kind of sexual or other kind of violence,
it becomes difficult for the survivors to bring the issue to the criminal justice system.
This is due to the lack of attention that society gives to such instances and the
patriarchal community that we live in. The family meme bets of the women
sometimes ask the girl to remain silent about the whole issue as bringing it to the
justice system and the public spoils their reputation.
One important reason why criminals are roaming freely and victims are
confined to the four walls. A data gap must also be addressed due to the cultural taboo
of sex and sexuality within the governments and communities of Middle East and
North African countries. These taboos make it difficult to encourage engagement to
address child sexual exploitation like the Bacha Bazi or “dancing boys” in
Afghanistan, which is referred to as Afghanistan’s “darkest secret.” There is a culture
of silence in many parts of the world that allows such heinous acts to flourish.
 Laws and Paperworks

CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against

Women): Often referred to as the international bill for the Rights of women, this
convention adopted in 1979 by the General Assembly defines all kinds of
discrimination against women and sets up a foundation as to how nations can
overcome those discrepancies. Even at present, the CEDAW continues to be the most
relevant and important treaty ratified by countries. It has proven its relevance in
addressing sexual and gender-based violence during times of conflict. International
and regional human rights mechanisms have relied on this important instrument to
develop jurisprudence on new forms of violence that have emerged long after
CEDAW was created, such as digital forms of violence against women and girls.

The Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of

Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará): This framework establishes
that every woman has the right to live a life absolved from any kind of violence.
Violence against women accounts for the violation of a fundamental human right. It is
the first legally binding document that called for a mechanism for the protection and
defence of women’s rights as the prime method to a rebuttal of violence against a
women’s integrity, either physically, sexually or psychologically.

INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS
Since the Beijing Conference there have been important developments at the
international level in the treatment of crimes committed against women in situations
of armed conflict. ● Rape is explicitly incorporated as a crime against humanity in the
statutes of the Ad Hoc Tribunals created by the UN Security Council to address
crimes committed in the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Both Tribunals have issued
several indictments relating to sexual violence, and the Rwanda Tribunal has
convicted one defendant of genocide, including as a result of sexual violence.
● At the regional level, inter-American and European human rights bodies have found
sexual violence and rape in conflict situations to constitute violations of human rights
treaties. Several have initiated criminal and civil proceedings against individuals
alleged to have perpetuated gender-based violence against women in conflict
situations.
● The International Statute establishing the International Criminal Court, with
jurisdiction over individuals responsible for the most serious international crimes, was
adopted in June 1998. The definitions of the crimes under the Court's jurisdiction take
gender concerns into account: Genocide is defined to include measures intended to
prevent births within a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
● Crimes against humanity include rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced
pregnancy and enforced sterilization.
● War crimes include rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy,
enforced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence constituting a grave
breach of the Geneva Conventions.

IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS

● S/RES/1325 (2000)
● S/RES/1820 (2008)
● S/RES/1888 (2009)
● S/RES/1889 (2009)
● S/RES/1960 (2010)
● S/RES/2106 (2013)
● S/RES/2122 (2013)
● S/RES/1261 (1999)
● S/RES/1308 (2000)
● S/RES/1314 (2000)
● S/RES/1325 (2000)
● S/RES/1379 (2001)
● S/RES/1460 (2003)
● S/RES/1539 (2004)
● E/CN.6/2000/PC/2

IMPORTANT CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES

● Universal Declaration of Human Rights

● International Bill of Human Rights
● Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice
● International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
● The Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC)
● International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
● International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
● Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
● Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
● Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed
Conflict
● The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
● Disarmament, Demobilisation, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement
(DDRRR)

RELEVANT CASE STUDIES

Syria
Recently the Syrian conflict has been characterized by a significant reduction of
human rights and humanitarian law. According to the UN Office for the Coordination
of Humanitarian Affairs, around 2 million people lived in besieged areas and were
denied humanitarian aid. Thousands of civilians have been subjected to torture, ill-
treatment, kidnapping and execution. It is estimated that non-state armed groups
opposing the government use child soldiers, block humanitarian aid and violate human
rights. Joint Investigative Mechanism between the Organisations for the Prohibition of
Chemical weapons during their attack in Idlib in March 2015. ISIS was also accused
of using The Joint Investigative Mechanism between the Organisations for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and the UN in their reports stating that the
government used chemical sulphur mustard gas in their attacks. In October 2015
Russian Federation lost its seat at the Human Rights Council and several human rights
organisations accused Russia of their involvement in war crimes. Human Rights
Watch accused the Russian-Syrian coalition of targeting civilians and using
internationally banned cluster munitions. In 2016 the UN alleged that the Syrian
government created obstacles to the supply of Humanitarian Aid to be delivered to
civilians. While the UN and the International Community work with determination to
protect the human rights of civilians, human rights violations still occur. The conflict
resulted in the displacement and death of thousands of persons. Some Syrian citizens
seek refuge and support abroad but often they face challenges during their journeys.
Thus, at the present moment, Syrian Conflict is considered one of the most dangerous
and requires immediate resolution.

Yemen
For now, the United Nations envoy’s attempts at bringing the different sides to the
table have failed. The UN estimates more than 10,000 civilians have been killed and 3
million displaced from their homes since 2015. In addition, UNICEF states that more
than 2 million Yemeni children suffer from acute malnutrition. What is unfolding
there is a huge humanitarian disaster that every member state should feel the need to
address urgently. The humanitarian crisis in Yemen is now the largest in the world,
with more than 18 million people in need of assistance and 7 million already at risk of
famine. These figures come on top of 50,000 casualties due to armed conflict The
disaster created by the protracted civil war will weaken state institutions and the
Yemeni population for many years to come. Among other horrors unfolding in the
country is a large-scale cholera outbreak that must represent a public health priority,
giving a new sense of urgency to an already acute situation. Yet, even if Yemenis
receive aid from the international community, the armed conflict cannot be solved
with aid alone: it requires a political solution. That is why it is now crucial that
countries which are fuelling the conflict by supplying arms to the parties cease doing
so as soon as possible. NGOs among which Human Rights Watch and Amnesty
International reported that the Saudi-led coalition launched attacks into populated
civilian areas near the Saudi- Yemeni border. In a series of investigations undertaken
between 2015 and 2017, a UN panel of experts concluded that the coalition had
breached international law and intentionally targeted civilians and residential areas.

QARMA (QUESTIONS A RESOLUTION MUST ANSWER)

1. What is the importance of the various international legal documents in reducing
human rights violations against women in conflict and post-conflict situations?
2. What can be done at the global level to curb the issue of sexual violence and sexual
slavery in post-conflict scenarios?
3. What changes are to be made in the legislation to combat the problem of human
trafficking?
4. What are the various socio-economic impacts of armed conflicts on women, and
what are the measures to solve them?
5. In what ways can the international community contribute to reducing violations of
the rights of refugee women, and providing them with legal protection?
6. In what ways can all the solutions be legally enforceable in the member states?
7. What is the role of the international community in tackling the issue of human
trafficking in conflict situations?
8. How are political commitment, impunity and crime interrelated in this context?
What steps are feasible to protect women?
9. How can women be involved in peace processes?
10. How to prevent re-victimisation of women in the post-conflict regions?
11. How can the process of reparation, repatriation, and asylum adopt a gender-
sensitive angle?
12. What steps need to be taken towards security sector reform?

Position Papers: A Guideline Framework

What is a position paper?
In a MUN, your personal beliefs, ideas and thoughts must be replaced by those of the
country you are representing. For the duration of the MUN, you are the representative
of everything that the country stands for. One way of showing your chairperson that
you understand this idea is through position papers that demonstrate your knowledge
of both the Agenda, and your country’s position on the issue. So, how do you write a
position paper? These points below will help you write a perfect position paper!

Step 1: Research, Research and Research!

No position paper is complete without adequate research! The more research, the
better! However, bear in mind that research should primarily originate from reliable,
trusted sources: well-established bodies that are known for publishing accurate
information. Generally, the United Nations Website (www.un.org) and the Reuters
website (www.reuters.org) are the two best sources of information. However, to
broaden your understanding you may refer to other sites. Please note, that Wikipedia,
Quora, or any other forum-based editable webpage is NOT a reliable source of
information! Also, bear in mind that you should make a note of the site on which this
information is available - you will later have to put these in your document, and
they’re really helpful if another delegate objects to your point of view! So, what do
you research? First, understand your country: everything about it! The government,
the social situation in the country, the economic background, and the political idea
that your country believes in. Next, find out a list of allies that your country has and
its trading partners. These are very useful when trying to solve the problem in
committee! Next, understand the Agenda: what exactly are you talking about in your
committee? Once you’ve narrowed these two down, blend them. Research for
information on your agenda based on everything your country believes in! Then, write
it down!

Step 2: Write the Introduction

Like any good piece of writing, an introduction is vital to your position paper. I
normally encourage your first line to be direct, however leaving room for
development later, that is, your first line should clearly state what it is that you want to
say about the agenda, yet be able to expand later. For example, rather than saying that
“The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has a strong dislike for South Korea and
will not be in a position to discuss the effects of the Korean Wars,” do say “While the
DPRK currently is not in close contact with the South Korean Government, the
discussion of this Agenda is not pertinent to the DPRK. However, it can be argued
that the Korean Wars…” This leaves room for you to expand, and for you to talk
about a lot of things. Generally, an introduction will also contain information about
the history of the situation and will lead towards discussing your country’s ideas of
the agenda.

Step 3: Who ARE You? What is your country doing?

Now, you should move into talking about the relevance of your country to the agenda,
and any potential main points you would like to cover throughout the conference.
Rather than using definitive vocabulary like “solve” or “change”, the delegate (don’t
use personal pronouns, always say “The [Country Name]”) uses more relaxed terms
like “aim to understand” or “try to solve”. This shows good intent, but not too much
overconfidence, which is vital. Structure this paragraph with about three good points,
and you’re set!

Step 4: What about the Rest?

Next, talk a little about the other countries. Don’t go into details about each, merely
touch upon the relevance of the agenda to your neighbours, your allies and your
enemies. Using subtle vocabulary allows the chair to understand your international
standpoint! Don’t use “Austria and Russia are the allies and India is the enemy”.
Rather say, “By using trade relations with Austria and bilateral relations with Russia,
the delegate aims to try and solve their deteriorating bilateral relationship with India”.
That’s more specific. Make sure to relate it to your agendas!

Step 5: What’s this all about?

Conclude by restating the idea you initially started with and supporting it with facts
and data. Also Include possible things you hope to achieve from the committee: like a
mini-solution that you would like to work on!
And you’re done!

Step 6: Remember this…

A Position paper is typically around 300-400 words. Remember to submit these in a
12-point Times New Roman Font, justified! You will find a sample format in the next
format. If you like, you can fill in the format and send this as the position paper
instead! Remember not to copy sections of data from websites and place them in -
that’s plagiarism!

Template for Position Paper

MUN: SFSMUNB’22
Country:
Committee: UNCSW

1) Introduce the Topic, Your Country’s stance, and the General Situation
2) Talk in Detail about the relevance of the Agenda to your Country
3) Talk about your Neighbours, Allies and Foes and their ideas of the Agenda
4) Conclude by restating your opinions with facts and possible solutions.
Sample position paper
XXMUN Position Paper
Name of the Country: Chile
Name of the Committee: DISEC (Disarmament and International Security
Committee)
Agenda: Evaluating the implications of the use of unmanned and autonomous
weapons in armed conflict, on international peace and security.
Today, Chile and the modern and united world are at a grave precipice regarding conflict, or
to elaborate unmanned warfare. Numerous unexpected events, like the exponential rise in the
cases of extremism and terrorist threats, have prompted us to adopt this technology, which, in
the view of the People of Chile is a type of technology which violates the sovereignty of the
nation it is being used on. The use of drone technology is seen as intimidating and an
example of unlawful Western aggression to many nations where drone strikes have occurred.
The 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly clearly states in the resolution
adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/50/635/Add.2)],
section 50/172, that there needs to be “Respect for the principles of national sovereignty and
non-interference in the internal affairs of States in their electoral processes”. The use of drone
technology violates this article.
The use of drone technology has only been used and perfected by a handful of countries and
the Chilean people request that these countries slowly terminate their use of drone
technology. The Republic of Chile understands why countries are adopting drone technology.
It is undeniably due to the rise in global terrorism and extremism-related cases that have
prompted this line of action. But, also undeniably, the drone operations conducted by these
nations have resulted in the loss of civilian life, the figures for the Middle East and North
Africa are in the thousands, according to declassified materials obtained by the Chilean
Government, and to take another example of the drone strikes, the strikes conducted by The
U.S in Pakistan’s North Waziristan Region have in many cases resulted in Pakistani civilian’s
loss of life. This goes to prove that drone Technology is not as accurate as it is deemed.
Chile has, in response to this illegal use of technology, refrained from purchasing any
unmanned aircraft, as a symbol of determination to the cause, we so firmly believe in. The
use of drone tech has upset many governments around the world and has destabilised world
peace on a massive scale, and so the only way possible to return the world to its former sense
of security, the State of Chile urges all nations to use Human intelligence for its counter-
extremism operations which will enlighten many nations around the world.

Resolutions
Who writes a resolution?
Any delegate in the committee can write a resolution (although in rare instances an
observer state is not allowed to directly write a solution). The author of a resolution is
called a sponsor. Most resolutions have multiple sponsors because it takes a group of
countries to share good ideas and come to a consensus. Some conferences allow
delegates to sponsor multiple resolutions for each topic while others only allow
delegates to sponsor one per topic.

What is a resolution?
A resolution is a document that contains all the issues that the committee wants to
solve and the proposed solutions to that issue. It’s called a resolution because that’s
what the United Nations calls the documents they produce (here are some real UN
General Assembly resolutions). Technically, the resolution should be called a draft
resolution before it is voted upon and then called a resolution after it is successfully
passed during the voting bloc.

When and where are resolutions written?

Most conferences require students to write resolutions during the conference.
Specifically, resolutions are usually written during unmoderated caucus (sometimes
called informal caucus) where delegates are free to roam around the committee to
collaborate on ideas with each other, and sometimes students work outside in hallways
or computer labs as well. Resolution writing becomes more focused during the latter
sessions of the committee when different country policies are clear and different ideas
have been mentioned already. These conferences will not allow any pre-written
resolutions. A few conferences have “docket-style” debates. This is when students are
required to submit resolutions to the conference in advance and the chairs pick the
best ones and put them into a docket. The delegates focus only on the resolutions in
the docket when they get to the conference and work on amending them.

Why write the resolution?

The ultimate purpose of a committee session is to pass a resolution. All the speeches,
debate, negotiation, and teamwork are supposed to lead up to a resolution which
contains all the proposed solutions to the issue. The resolution(s) that the majority of
the committee agrees upon will be passed during the voting bloc and the sponsors will
be informally commended for building consensus on good ideas. Most conferences
allow multiple resolutions to pass as long as they do not contradict each other, but a
few conferences allow only one resolution to pass.

Sample resolutions
https://www.odu.edu/content/dam/odu/offices/mun/2014/resolution-writing-
packet.pdf
https://sorbonnemun.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/sample-draft-resolution.pdf
COUNTRY MATRIX – BHASKAR HOUSE
1. BANGLADESH
2. AFGHANISTAN
3. COLOMBIA
4. JAPAN
5. LEBANON
6. UNITED KINGDOM