PSEUDOCODE PROBLEM SET 1:

1. User inputs a number, program reports if the number is above 5

2. User inputs 3 numbers, program outputs the numbers in the opposite order

3. User inputs 2 numbers, if the first one is larger, it outputs their sum, if the second one is larger, it reports their
difference

4a. User inputs a number, the program counts up from zero to that number.

4b. Now, for every other number, the program outputs "boo" , e.g. 0, “boo”, 2, “boo”.

5. Create a needy program that will keep on asking user for hugs until user inputs any phrase including the word
"hug“.

6. Create a program that can convert percentage change to actual change, e.g. user enters old size, percentage
change and the units and outputs the actual increase in units, e.g. 20, 10%, kg will output 2 kg.

7. User inputs an integer, the program outputs a half of the integer, rounded down, and if that half is odd or even,
e.g. if user inputs 7, the half of it rounded down is 3 which is odd.

8. User inputs the volume of sphere, the program outputs the radius.

9. A car can carry up to 5 people and generates 200 g of CO2 per mile, a bus can carry 40 people and generates
1000 g of Co2. Write an algorithm to find out which car is more environmentally friendly, and output the name of
that type of transport.

10. Write the algorithm to count up from 1 to 30, outputting the numbers as it goes along and outputting
exclamation marks next to all numbers divisible by both 3 and 4.

11. User inputs two numbers, a and b, the program will output all the powers of a, e.g. a*1, a*a, a*a*a, up to b. b
can't be less than 2.

12. User inputs two positive numbers, the program counts up from the smaller of these numbers to the larger,
outputting the numbers as it counts up.

13. User inputs 3 names of people, the program returns all of their lenghts (e.g. "Bob" is 3 characters in length).

14. User inputs 3 names of people, the program returns the longest name and its length,
(e.g. if "Bob", "Jeremy" and "Caspasius" have been input, "Caspasius", 9 will be output).

Pseudocode problem set with solutions: (c)2017 by I Avroutine

 15. What will be the output of the algorithm below?
i=5
j=0
WHILE i<10 DO
PRINT j
j=i*2
i=i+1
END WHILE

16. What will be the output of the algorithm below?

i=5
j=0
WHILE i=<10 DO
PRINT j
j=i*2
i=i+1
END WHILE

17. What will be the output of the algorithm below?

i=5
j=0
WHILE j<10 DO
PRINT j
j=i*2
i=i+1
END WHILE

18. What will be the output of the algorithm below?

i=5
j=0
WHILE i<10 DO
PRINT j
j=i+j
i=i+1
END WHILE

19. User inputs a word, the program outputs all the letters of that word

20. User inputs a word, the program outputs the middle letter of that word, e.g. if
"Jeremia" is input, it will output "e",
if "Jeremy" is input, and the word length is an even number without a middle
value, the program will divide in 2 and round DOWN and output "r".

21. User inputs a word, the program outputs all the letters of that word but every
other letter
(e.g. "monkey" would result in "m", "n", "e")

22. User inputs a word, the program outputs the first and the last letters of that
word

23. User inputs a word, the program outputs the second and the second last letters
of that word, minimal length is 5 characters.

24. User inputs the price of an item and the banknote given. The program will
output the change due to the customer.
The price of the item must be less than the banknote given, otherwise the program
outputs "Insufficient amound paid"

25. The program counts up 0 to 100 and also outputs the counter and one of the
words “Tic”, “Tac” alternatively, e.g. 0 “Tic”, 1 “Tac”, 2 “Tic”, 3 “Tac”, etc.
(c)2017 by I Avroutine 2
26. User inputs the price of an item and the banknote given (must be 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 pound notes only).
The program will output the change needed.
The price of the item must be less than the banknote given, otherwise the program outputs "Insufficient amound paid"

27. Given a list of words, the program will output 3 random things in a sequence. e.g. "cactus","fish","goat"
words=Array["donkey","cactus","fish","goat"]
FOR i=0 TO 3
r=RANDOM_INTEGER(0,SIZE(words))
OUTPUT words[r]
NEXT i

28. Given a list of words, the program will ask user to input a word and will search its list for a match.
If match is found, the program will output the index at which the inputted word is found, otherwise
it would output "not found", e.g. in a list "donkey","cactus","fish","goat", if the user inputs "cactus"
the program should output "found at index 1", if "zebra" is input, the output is "zebra not found"

29. Given a list of words, the program will output 2 of them randomly, putting the word "and" between them and
" are the best friends!" after when priting, e.g. "cactus and goat are best friends"

30. A user is looking for a algorithm that would efficiently output the following phrase "and 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5
and 6 and 7 and 8“

31. The user is looking for a algorithm that would efficiently output the following phrase "1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and
6 and 7 and 8"

32. The user is looking for a algorithm that would efficiently output the following phrase "1 and 8 or 2 and 7 or 3 and 6
or 4 and 5 or 5 and 4 or 6 and 3"

33. Write an algorithm that will create a string array from the names of all files in a folder, reporting back the names of
the files as a numbered list.

34. A known computer virus leaves this signature in infected files: "DeathJeffLOLZ". Write an algorithm that will open all
files in a folder
and scan them for that signature, reporting back the names of the files infected.

35. Given a nested list (a 2D array) of names and numbers, display them as in columns separated by tabs.

35B. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output the second item

37. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output all items, then same but backwards

38. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output all items

39. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output every other item

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 3
40. Given a[6,9,2,4], write the code that will swap the first and the third item [2,9,6,4],

42. Create a flowchart and pseudocode for the following program: User enters a word and the
program spells it one character at a time.

43. User inputs a word in upper case, the algorithm converts it to lower case. This is based on the
fact that in the ASCII table, upper case letters are 32 letters below the lower case ones.
Consider this printout from Python (in Pseudocode we can use ToChar(x) to convert an integer to
an ASCII character and ToCode("a") to convert an ASCII character to an integer representing this
character's ASCII position:
>>> ord("A")
65
>>> ord("a")
97
>>> ord("a")-ord("A"),ord("b")-ord("B")
(32, 32)
>>> chr(65),chr(97)
('A', 'a')
>>>

44. The program is to ask user for two words and then output the first two characters of the first
word and the last two characters of the second word.

45. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and for
any element larger than 10, it will subtract 10 from that element
and display the element (both adjusted and unadjusted).
e.g. if the array holds [3,6,1,23], the output will be 3, 6, 1, 13 because 23>10, so 23-10=13

46. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and for
any element smaller than 10, it will add 10 to that element
and display the element (both adjusted and unadjusted).
e.g. if the array holds [3,6,1,23], the output will be 3, 6, 1, 13 because 23>10, so 23-10=13

47. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and
output every element and its preceding and the
following element, if the array holds [3,6,1,23], the output will be "3 is first, 6 is after 3 and below
1, 1 is after 6 and before 23, 23 is last"

48. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and find
the difference between an element and
the one immediately preceding it, then write those differences into another array, e.g. if the array
holds [3,6,1,23], the resulting array will be [3,-5,22] from 6-3, 1-6, 23-1
The program will then output the resulting array of differences.

49. Given a 1D integer array, the program will the length of the array (how many elements are in
it), the sum of all integers, and the first and the last elements

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 4
50. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and output the
elements and whether they are odd or even.

51. Given a 1D integer array, user enters a number. The program returns "found" if that number is amongst the
elements of the array, or "not found" if it's not.
e.g. if the array is n=Array[3,6,1,23] and the user inputs 1, the output will be "found", if they enter "7" it will be
"not found".

52. Given a 1D integer array, user enters a number. The program returns "found" if that number is amongst the
FIRST half of the elements of the array, or "not found" if it's not.
e.g. if the array is n=Array[3,6,1,23] and the user inputs 1, the output will be "found", if they enter "1" it will be
"not found" because [3,6] is the first
part of the array and it doesn't contain 1. We can find the first half of the array by searching up to LENGTH(n)
divided into 2 and rounded down (integer DIV).
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
INPUT x
i=0
found=False
WHILE found=False AND i<(LENGTH(n) DIV 2)
IF n[i]=i THEN
found=True
ELSE
i=i+1
END IF
END WHILE
IF found=True THEN
OUTPUT "found"
ELSE
OUTPUT "not found“

53. Given a 1D integer array, user inputs a number. The program returns that number's index if that number is
amongst the elements of the array, or "not found" if it's not.
e.g. if the array is n=Array[3,6,1,23] and the user inputs 1, the output will be "found", if they enter "7" it will be
"not found".

54. User has a file called “pups.txt” that has the following format:
Bobby
Johnny
Amir
Cecilius
Write a program that will read this file into a 1D array of string elements. The array will hold up to 20 elements.

55. User has a file called “pups.csv” that has the following format:
Bobby, 33
Johnny, 22
Amir, 56
Cecilius, 78
Write a program that will read this file into a 2D array of string elements. The array will hold up to 20 elements.
Output the name with the highest number of points. E.g. Cecilius

56. User inputs a word and the program will display every other letter in alternating case: upper/lower, e.g.
“Hello people” will become “HeLlo PeOpLe”
57. A teacher needs to count all pupils who did their homework and all those who didn't and output the totals
for both in the end.
58. A teacher needs to count all pupils who did their homework and all those who didn't and output the totals
for both in the end, while entering those who didn't into a special detention list.
59. Write a program that will count an approximate number of characters in a book, given the input from a user
of average characters per word, avg words per line, and avg lines per page, as well as the number of pages, e.g. if
there are 200 pages, with average of 30 lines per page and average of 10 words per line and 6 characters per 5
word, we should get 360,000 characters in that book.
(c)2017 by I Avroutine
60. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program iterates through both arrays, displaying the elements side by side, e.g. given
["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
as names, and [45,34,89,100] as integers, the program will output "Bob: 45 points", "Cecil: 34 points", etc.

61. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program iterates through both arrays, displaying the elements side by side, e.g. given
["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
as names, and [45,34,89,100] as integers, but only for those who have over 40 points, so the program will output
"Bob - 45 points", "Nora - 89 points", etc, leaving out Cecil who scored fewer than 40 points.

62. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The user inputs a name, the program finds the matching name in the first array, remembers its index,
then it outputs the element from the integer array that is at the same index as the match.
If no match is found, the error code of "-999" is output.

63. A user has a list of prices [12,59,23,101] and would like to see each prices with and without VAT, with and
without 10% early bird discount, and with and without the 15% surcharge for overseas customers.

64. A program needs to write “Bob was here” into a text file called “memories.txt”

A program needs to ask a user to write down 3 of their favourite Pikachu characters and write them into a text file
called “p.txt”

65. A program needs to ask a user to write down any number of their favourite Pikachu characters and write them
into a text file called “p.txt”

66. Given an array of strings, the program needs to write all of its elements to a file called "data.txt"

67. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program needs to write each element of the names array, followed by a comma, followed by an element
of the integer array with the same index, to each new line in a file called "data.csv"

68. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program needs to write each element of the names array, followed by a comma, followed by an element
of the integer array with the same index, to each new line in a file called "data.csv" BUT ONLY IF
the integer element is over 40, e.g. Cecil will not be written as he only has 34 points.

68. Given a table of integers, the program will ask user for a column number and return the total of that column,
e.g.
4 7 12 10
2 1 8 9
14 9 3 7
if the user inputs "0", they will see 20 (which is 4+2+14)

69. Given a table of integers, the program will ask user for a row number and return the total of that row, e.g.
4 7 12 10
2 1 8 9
14 9 3 7
if the user inputs "0", they will see 33 (which is 4+7+12+10)

70. The user wants to write two procedures which are selectable via a menu from the main screen. e.g. when the
program runs, the user
might see "Press 1 to hear praise, 2 to hear a put-down" where praise and put-down are defined in their respective
6
procedures
(c)2017 by I Avroutine
SOLUTIONS:
1. User inputs a number, program reports if the number is above 5
PRINT "Enter a number"
INPUT x
IF x<5 THEN
PRINT "Number is smaller "
ELSE IF x>=5 THEN
PRINT "Number is bigger or equal to 5"
END IF
or....
INPUT x
IF x>5 THEN
PRINT STRING(x) + " is larger than 5"
ELSE
PRINT STRING(x) + " is not larger than 5"
END IF

2. User inputs 3 numbers, program outputs the numbers in the opposite order
INPUT x, y, z
PRINT z,y,x

3. User inputs 2 numbers, if the first one is larger, it outputs their sum
if the second one is larger, it reports their difference
INPUT a
INPUT b
IF a>b THEN
PRINT a+b
ELSE IF b> a THEN
PRINT b-a
ELSE
PRINT "Both numbers are the same"
END IF

4a. User inputs a number, the program counts up from zero to that number.
INPUT x
FOR i=0 TO x
PRINT i
NEXT FOR

4b. Now, for every other number, the program outputs "boo" , e.g. 0, “boo”, 2, “boo”
INPUT x
c=0 hints:
FOR i=0 TO x #types of loops
PRINT i FOR i=1 TO 5
IF c>0 THEN PRINT "ha"
PRINT "boo" END FOR
c=0
ELSE i=0
PRINT i REPEAT UNTIL i>5
c=c+1 PRINT "ha"
END IF i=i+1
NEXT FOR END REPEAT

i=0
REPEAT
print "ha"
i=i+1
WHILE i>5
PRINT "ha"
i=i+1
END WHILE
7
(c)2017 by I Avroutine
5. Create a needy program that will keep on asking user for hugs until user inputs any phrase including the word "hug“
needy=True
WHILE needy=True
OUTPUT “I want hugs, can I have a hug? “)
INPUT u
words=Array(0 to 100) FROM u SPLIT (delimiter=SPACE)
found=False
j=0
WHILE found=False
IF words[j]=“hug” THEN
found=True
ELSE
j=j+1
END IF
END WHILE
END WHILE
OUTPUT “I am so happy now, now feed me!”

6. Create a program that can convert percentage change to actual change, e.g. user enters old size, percentage
change and the units and outputs the actual increase in units, e.g. 20, 10%, kg will output 2 kg
INPUT size
INPUT percChange
INPUT units
OUTPUT STRING(size*percChange) + “ “ + units

7. User inputs an integer, the program outputs a half of the integer, rounded down, and if that half is odd or even, e.g.
if user inputs 7, the half of it rounded down is 3 which is odd.
INPUT x
y=x DIV 2 //integer division which always rounds down
IF y MOD 2=0 THEN
OUTPUT “even”
ELSE
OUTPUT “odd”
END IF

8. User inputs the volume of sphere, the program outputs the radius.
INPUT volume
R=(volume/( (4/3)*3.14) ) ^ (1/2)
OUTPUT R

9. A car can carry up to 5 people and generates 200 g of CO2 per mile, a bus can carry 40 people and generates 1000
g of Co2. Write an algorithm to find out which car is more environmentally friendly, and output the name of that type
of transport.
Car_per_pass=200/5
Bus_per_pass=1000/40
IF Car_per_pass>Bus_per_pass THEN
OUTPUT “Car”
ELSE IF Car_per_pass<Bus_per_pass THEN
OUTPUT “Bus”
ELSE
OUTPUT “There is not differences”
END IF

10. Write the algorithm to count up from 1 to 30, outputting the numbers as it goes along and outputting exclamation
marks next to all numbers divisible by both 3 and 4
FOR k=1 TO 30
IF k MOD 3=0 AND k MOD 4=0 THEN
OUTPUT STRING(k) + “!”
ELSE
OUTPUT k //no need to convert to string if printing by itself
END IF 8
(c)2017 by I Avroutine
NEXT k
11. User inputs two numbers, a and b, the program will output all
15. What will be the output of the algorithm below?
the powers of a, e.g. a*1, a*a, a*a*a, up to b. b can't be less than
i=5
2.
j=0
INPUT a
WHILE i<10 DO
b_is_ok=False //begin range validation
PRINT j
WHILE b_is_ok=False DO
j=i*2
INPUT b
i=i+1
IF b>=2 THEN
END WHILE
b_is_ok=True
ANSWER:
END IF
0
END WHILE //good b > 2, proceeding to output the degrees of a
10
FOR i=1 TO b
12
a=a*i
14
OUTPUT a
16
NEXT i
16. What will be the output of the algorithm below?
12. User inputs two positive numbers, the program counts up
i=5
from the smaller of these numbers to the larger, outputting the
j=0
numbers as it counts up.
WHILE i=<10 DO
larger=0 // double slash is a pseudocode comment, reset variables
PRINT j
smaller=0
j=i*2
INPUT x
i=i+1
INPUT y
END WHILE
IF x>y THEN
ANSWER:
larger=x
0
smaller=y
10
ELSE IF y>x THEN
12
larger=y
14
smaller=x
16
ELSE
18
PRINT "Numbers are the same, counting is not possible"
END IF
17. What will be the output of the algorithm below?
IF x<>y THEN
i=5
FOR i=smaller TO larger
j=0
PRINT i
WHILE j<10 DO
NEXT FOR
PRINT j
END IF
j=i*2
i=i+1
13. User inputs 3 names of people, the program returns all of their
END WHILE
lenghts (e.g. "Bob" is 3 characters in length)
ANSWER: 0
INPUT a
INPUT b
18. What will be the output of the algorithm below?
INPUT c
i=5
PRINT LENGTH(a)
j=0
PRINT LENGTH(b)
WHILE i<10 DO
PRINT LENGTH(c)
PRINT j
j=i+j
14. User inputs 3 names of people, the program returns the
i=i+1
longest name and its length,
END WHILE
(e.g. if "Bob", "Jeremy" and "Caspasius" have been input,
ANSWER:
"Caspasius", 9 will be output)
0
INPUT a
5
INPUT b
INPUT c
IF LENGTH(a)>LENGTH(b) AND LENGTH(a)>LENGTH(c) THEN
OUTPUT a, LENGTH(a)
ELSE IF LENGTH(b)>LENGTH(c) AND LENGTH(b)>LENGTH(a) THEN
OUTPUT b, LENGTH(b)
ELSE IF LENGTH(c)>LENGTH(a) AND LENGTH(c)>LENGTH(b) THEN
OUTPUT c, LENGTH(c)
ELSE
9
OUTPUT "None are longer than others"
(c)2017 by I Avroutine
END IF
19. User inputs a word, the program outputs all the letters of that word
INPUT word
len=LENGTH(word)
FOR i=0 TO len
PRINT word.SUBSTRING(i,1)
NEXT i //could also use END FOR

20. User inputs a word, the program outputs the middle letter of that word, e.g. if "Jeremia" is input, it will output "e",
if "Jeremy" is input, and the word length is an even number without a middle value, the program will divide in 2 and round
DOWN and output "r".
INPUT word
len=LENGTH(word)
PRINT word.SUBSTRING(len DIV 2,1) // DIV is integer division, eg. 7DIV2=3, "e" after "r"

21. User inputs a word, the program outputs all the letters of that word but every other letter
(e.g. "monkey" would result in "m", "n", "e")
INPUT word
len=LENGTH(word)
FOR i=0 TO len STEP 2 //STEP 2 means the loop will count up in increments of 2
PRINT word.SUBSTRING(i,1)
NEXT i //could also use END FOR

22. User inputs a word, the program outputs the first and the last letters of that word
INPUT word
len=LENGTH(word)
first_char=word.SUBSTRING(0,1) //means start at index 0, get 1 characters
last_char=word.SUBSTRING(len-1,1) //started from zero, so the last letter in a 6-char word is at position=5
PRINT first_char, last_char

23. User inputs a word, the program outputs the second and the second last letters of that word, minimal length is 5
characters.
INPUT word
len=LENGTH(word)
IF len<5 THEN
OUTPUT “The word is too short”
ELSE
sec_char=word.SUBSTRING(1,1) //means start at index 1, get 1 characters
seclast_char=word.SUBSTRING(len-2,1) //started from zero, so the second last letter in a 6-char word is at
position=4
PRINT sec_char, seclast_char
END IF

24. User inputs the price of an item and the banknote given. The program will output the change due to the customer.
The price of the item must be less than the banknote given, otherwise the program outputs "Insufficient amound paid"
change=0
INPUT price
INPUT note
IF price>note THEN
OUTPUT "Insufficient amount paid" // PRINT is also acceptable
ELSE IF price=note THEN
OUTPUT "No change is due"
ELSE
change=note-price
OUTPUT change
END IF

25. The program counts up 0 to 100 and also outputs the counter and one of the words “Tic”, “Tac” alternatively, e.g. 0
“Tic”, 1 “Tac”, 2 “Tic”, 3 “Tac”, etc.
is_tic=True /this variable will toggle between True and False at every iteration of the loop
FOR i=0 TO 100
IF is_tic=True THEN
OUTPUT STRING(i) + “ Tic”
is_tic=False
ELSE
OUTPUT STRING(i)+ “ Tac”
is_tic=True
END IF
NEXT i
(c)2017 by I Avroutine 10
26. User inputs the price of an item and the banknote given (must be 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 pound notes only).
The program will output the change needed.
The price of the item must be less than the banknote given, otherwise the program outputs "Insufficient amound paid"
change=0
INPUT price
INPUT note
IF note=1 OR note=2 or note=5 OR note=10 OR note=20 OR note=50 THEN
IF price>note THEN
OUTPUT "Insufficient amount paid" // PRINT is also acceptable
ELSE IF price=note THEN
OUTPUT "No change is due"
ELSE
change=note-price
OUTPUT change
END IF //this END IF belongs to the IF price>note
END IF // this END IF belongs to the IF note=1 OR ...

27. Given a list of words, the program will output 3 random things in a sequence. e.g. "cactus","fish","goat"
words=Array["donkey","cactus","fish","goat"]
FOR i=0 TO 3
r=RANDOM_INTEGER(0,SIZE(words))
OUTPUT words[r]
NEXT i

28. Given a list of words, the program will ask user to input a word and will search its list for a match.
If match is found, the program will output the index at which the inputted word is found, otherwise
it would output "not found", e.g. in a list "donkey","cactus","fish","goat", if the user inputs "cactus"
the program should output "found at index 1", if "zebra" is input, the output is "zebra not found"
words=Array["donkey","cactus","fish","goat"]
i=0
found=False
INPUT w
WHILE i< 3 \\3 is the highest index in this list, could have used SIZE(words) instead
IF w=words[i] THEN
OUTPUT words[i] + " is found at index " + STRING(i)
found=True
ELSE
i=i+1 //if not found, keep on searching while incrementing our counter i
END IF
NEXT i //finished going through the array
IF found=False THEN //realised there was no match
OUTPUT w + " not found"
END IF

29. Given a list of words, the program will output 2 of them randomly, putting the word "and" between them and
" are the best friends!" after when priting, e.g. "cactus and goat are best friends"
message="" //empty string will be built from the parts needed
words=Array["donkey","cactus","fish","goat"]
r=RANDOM_INTEGER(0,SIZE(words))
message=words[r] //start with a first random word
r=RANDOM_INTEGER(0,SIZE(words))
message=message + " and " + words[r] +" are best friends"
OUTPUT message

30. A user is looking for a algorithm that would efficiently output the following phrase "and 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5
and 6 and 7 and 8"
message=""
FOR i=1 TO 8
message=message + " and " + STRING(i)
NEXT i //terminates the FOR loop and increments the counter i by 1
11
PRINT message
(c)2017 by I Avroutine
31. The user is looking for a algorithm that would efficiently output the following phrase "1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and
6 and 7 and 8"
message="1"
FOR i=2 TO 8
message=message + " and " + STRING(i)
NEXT i //terminates the FOR loop and increments the counter i by 1
PRINT message

32. The user is looking for a algorithm that would efficiently output the following phrase "1 and 8 or 2 and 7 or 3 and 6 or
4 and 5 or 5 and 4 or 6 and 3"
message="1 and 8"
j=7
FOR i=2 TO 5
message=message + " or " + STRING(i) + " and " + STRING(j)
j=j-1
NEXT i //terminates the FOR loop and increments the counter i by 1
PRINT message

33. Write an algorithm that will create a string array from the names of all files in a folder, reporting back the names of
the files as a numbered list.
FUNCTION LIST_FILES
i=0
WHILE NOT END_OF_FOLDER //find out how many files in a folder, END_OF_FOLDER is an oper sys word
i=i+1
END WHILE
how_many_files=i
files=STRING Array(0 TO how_many_files) //fixed size array for as many file names as files in the folder
j=0
WHILE NOT END_OF_FOLDER //fill the array with file names
files[j]=READ FOLDER.FILE_NAME() //special command to get a file name
j=j+1
END WHILE

FOR k=0 TO how_many_files

OUTPUT k, files[k]
j=j+1
END FOR //another way to terminate a FOR loop
END FUNCTION

34. A known computer virus leaves this signature in infected files: "DeathJeffLOLZ". Write an algorithm that will open all
files in a folder
and scan them for that signature, reporting back the names of the files infected.
FUNCTION SCAN_FILES //FUNCTION and END FUNCTION replace the words BEGIN and HALT
WHILE NOT END_OF_FOLDER //fill the array with file names
file=READ FOLDER.FILE_NAME() //special command to get a file name
contents=file.READ_CONTENTS() //special command to get the file's contents as a string
virus_found=False
j=0
WHILE virus_found=False DO
IF contents.SUBSTRING(j,LENGTH("DeathJeffLOLZ"))="DeathJeffLOLZ" THEN
//contents.SUBSTRING(j,LENGTH("DeathJeffLOLZ")) - this will take parts of the file the same length (13 chars) as
//"DeathJeffLOLZ" and check if they are equal to the signature, e.g. if the file contained
//"£2kDeathJeffLOLZ", with values of j=0, 1, 2, ... we will look at "£2kDeathJeffL" - no match,
"2kDeathJeffLO"- no match
//"kDeathJeffLOL" - no match, "DeathJeffLOLZ" - match!
virus_found=True
OUTPUT file + " is infected"
END IF
j=j+1
END WHILE //this terminates the loop that reads through a file's contents
END WHILE //this terminates the loop that iterates through all files in a folder 12
END FUNCTION (c)2017 by I Avroutine
35. Given a nested list (a 2D array) of names and numbers, display them as in columns separated by tabs.
LINE_BREAK="\n" \\constants
TAB="\t"
data=Array[["Bobby","3"],["Jemma","12"],["Cecil","20"] ]
message="" //empty string will hold the built-up parts of the list
FOR r=0 TO 3
one_row="" //empty string to hold on row at a time, spaced with tabs
FOR c=0 TO 2
one_row=one_row+TAB
NEXT c
message=message+LINE_BREAK+one_row
NEXT r
OUTPUT message

35B. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output the second item

BEGIN test1
OUTPUT a[1]
END

36. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output the sum of the second item and the last items BEGIN test1
SET sum TO A[1]+A[3] // sum:=A[1]+A[3] // sum A[1]+A[3]
PRINT sum
END

37. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output all items, then same but backwards
BEGIN test2
FOR counter=0 TO LENGTH(a)
OUTPUT a[counter]
NEXT counter //means jump back to FOR line and counter:=counter+1
END
BEGIN test2 //and then back, using Stepping of -1
FOR counter=LENGTH(a) TO 0 STEP -1
OUTPUT a[counter]
NEXT counter //means jump back to FOR line and counter:=counter-1
END
BEGIN test3 //yes another approach – using conditional loop
counter:=0
WHILE counter<LENGTH(a)
OUTPUT a[counter]
counter:=counter+1
END WHILE //means jump back to FOR line and counter:=counter+1
END

38. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output all items

BEGIN test4
counter:=0
WHILE counter<LENGTH(a)
OUTPUT a[counter]
counter:=counter+2
END WHILE //means jump back to FOR line and counter:=counter+1
END

39. Given an array a[6,9,2,4] output every other item

BEGIN test2
FOR counter=0 TO LENGTH(a) STEP 2
OUTPUT a[counter]
NEXT counter //means jump back to FOR line and counter:=counter+1
END

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 13
40. Given a[6,9,2,4], write the code that will swap the first and the third item [2,9,6,4],
BEGIN swap1
SET temp TO a[0]
SET temp1 TO a[2]
SET a[0] TO temp1
SET a[2] TO temp
END
BEGIN swap2
SET temp TO a[0]
SET a[0] TO a[2]
SET a[2] TO temp
END

41. Given a[6,9,2,4], write the code that will attempt to sort it
BEGIN swap2
FOR j=0 TO LENGTH(a)-1
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(a)-1
IF a[i]>a[i+1] THEN
SET temp TO a[i]
SET a[i] TO a[i+1]
SET a[i+1] TO temp
END IF
NEXT I
NEXT j
END

42. Create a flowchart and pseudocode for the following program: User enters a word and the
program spells it one character at a time.
function Spell
output "Enter a word in upper case"
input word
i=0
loop i from 0 to Len(word) – 1//slightly different syntax
output Char(word, i)
end loop
end function

43. User inputs a word in upper case, the algorithm converts it to lower case. This is based on the
fact that in the ASCII table, upper case letters are 32 letters below the lower case ones.
Consider this printout from Python (in Pseudocode we can use ToChar(x) to convert an integer to
an ASCII character and ToCode("a") to convert an ASCII character to an integer representing this
character's ASCII position:
>>> ord("A")
65
>>> ord("a")
97
>>> ord("a")-ord("A"),ord("b")-ord("B")
(32, 32)
>>> chr(65),chr(97)
('A', 'a')
>>>
ANSWER:
function Main
output "Enter a word in upper case"
input word
i=0
loop i from 0 to Len(word) - 1
output ToChar(ToCode(Char(word, i)) + 32)
end loop
end function
// http://www.flowgorithm.org/documentation/intrinsic-functions.htm

44. The program is to ask user for two words and then output the first two characters of the first
word and the last two characters of the second word.
INPUT a
INPUT b 14
OUTPUT SUBSTRING(a,0,2)+SUBSTRING(b,LENGTH(b)-3,2) //LENGTH-2 – 2nd last char (-1 is the last) (c)2017 by I Avroutine
45. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and for any element larger
than 10, it will subtract 10 from that element
and display the element (both adjusted and unadjusted).
e.g. if the array holds [3,6,1,23], the output will be 3, 6, 1, 13 because 23>10, so 23-10=13
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(n)-1
IF n>10 THEN
n=n-10 //meaning whatever n is, reduce it by 10
END IF
OUTPUT n
NEXT i

46. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and for any element smaller
than 10, it will add 10 to that element
and display the element (both adjusted and unadjusted).
e.g. if the array holds [3,6,1,23], the output will be 3, 6, 1, 13 because 23>10, so 23-10=13
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(n)-1
IF n>10 THEN
n=n-10 //meaning whatever n is, reduce it by 10
END IF
OUTPUT n
NEXT i

47. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and output every element
and its preceding and the
following element, if the array holds [3,6,1,23], the output will be "3 is first, 6 is after 3 and below 1, 1 is after 6 and
before 23, 23 is last"
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(n)-1
IF i=0 THEN
OUTPUT STRING(n[i]) + " is first"
ELSE IF i<LENGTH(n)-2 THEN
OUTPUT STRING(n[i])) + " is after " + STRING(n[i-1]) + " and before " + STRING(n[i+1])
ELSE
OUTPUT STRING(n[i]) + " is last"
END IF
OUTPUT n
NEXT i

48. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and find the difference
between an element and
the one immediately preceding it, then write those differences into another array, e.g. if the array holds [3,6,1,23],
the resulting array will be [3,-5,22] from 6-3, 1-6, 23-1
The program will then output the resulting array of differences.
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
o=Array[0,0,0] //creates an initialised array to hold the worked out values/differences
FOR i=1 TO LENGTH(n)-1 #the first item has no difference, so we start with 2nd element
x=n[i]-n[i-1]
o[i-1]=x #we need to write to 0th element of the o array but our i is 1, so we need i-1
OUTPUT x
NEXT i

49. Given a 1D integer array, the program will the length of the array (how many elements are in it), the sum of all
integrs, and the first and the last elements
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
total=0
len=LENGTH(n)
FOR m=0 TO len
total=total+n[m]
NEXT m (c)2017 by I Avroutine 15
OUTPUT len, total, n[0],n[len-1]
50. Given a 1D integer array, the program will iterate (step through it) through the array and output the
elements and whether they are odd or even.
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(n)-1
OUTPUT n
IF n MOD 2 = 0 and n>1 THEN //wouldn't apply to zero which we start from
OUTPUT STRING(n) + " is even"
ELSE
OUTPUT STRING(n) + " is odd"
END IF
NEXT i

51. Given a 1D integer array, user enters a number. The program returns "found" if that number is
amongst the elements of the array, or "not found" if it's not.
e.g. if the array is n=Array[3,6,1,23] and the user inputs 1, the output will be "found", if they enter "7" it
will be "not found".
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
INPUT x
i=0
found=False
WHILE found=False AND i<LENGTH(n)
IF n[i]=i THEN
found=True
ELSE
i=i+1
END IF
END WHILE
IF found=True THEN
OUTPUT "found"
ELSE
OUTPUT "not found"
END IF
52. Given a 1D integer array, user enters a number. The program returns "found" if that number is
amongst the FIRST half of the elements of the array, or "not found" if it's not.
e.g. if the array is n=Array[3,6,1,23] and the user inputs 1, the output will be "found", if they enter "1" it
will be "not found" because [3,6] is the first
part of the array and it doesn't contain 1. We can find the first half of the array by searching up to
LENGTH(n) divided into 2 and rounded down (integer DIV).
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
INPUT x
i=0
found=False
WHILE found=False AND i<(LENGTH(n) DIV 2)
IF n[i]=i THEN
found=True
ELSE
i=i+1
END IF
END WHILE
IF found=True THEN
OUTPUT "found"
ELSE
OUTPUT "not found"

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 16
53. Given a 1D integer array, user inputs a number. The program returns that number's index if that number is
amongst the elements of the array, or "not found" if it's not.
e.g. if the array is n=Array[3,6,1,23] and the user inputs 1, the output will be "found", if they enter "7" it will be
"not found".
n=Array[3,6,1,23]
INPUT x
i=0
found=False
WHILE found=False AND i<LENGTH(n)
IF n[i]=i THEN
found=True
ELSE
i=i+1
END IF
END WHILE
IF found=True THEN
OUTPUT i //because we stopped incrementing the counter, it will hold the value of the x's index
ELSE
OUTPUT "not found"
END IF

54. User has a file called “pups.txt” that has the following format:
Bobby
Johnny
Amir
Cecilius
Write a program that will read this file into a 1D array of string elements. The array will hold up to 20 elements.
s=Array[0 TO 20] AS STRING
OPEN FILE “pups.txt" FOR READING AS FILE1
i=0
WHILE NOT END OF FILE
s[i]=FILE1.READLINE()
NEXT i

55. User has a file called “pups.csv” that has the following format:
Bobby, 33
Johnny, 22
Amir, 56
Cecilius, 78
Write a program that will read this file into a 2D array of string elements. The array will hold up to 20 elements.
Output the name with the highest number of points. E.g. Cecilius
s=Array[0 TO 20, 0 TO 1] AS STRING //even digits will be stored as strings
OPEN FILE “pups.csv" FOR READING AS FILE1
j=0
WHILE NOT END OF FILE
s[j,0],s[j,1]=FILE1.READLINE().SPLIT(“,”) #slightly Pythonic but explains the process well enough
NEXT j
Winner=s[0,0]
maxPoints=s[0,1]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)
IF s[i,1]>maxPoints THEN
maxPoints=s[i,1]
Winner=s[i,0]
END IF
NEXT I
OUTPUT Winner

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 17
56. User inputs a word and the program will display every other letter in alternating case: upper/lower, e.g.
“Hello people” will become “HeLlo PeOpLe”
INPUT w
Up=True
FOR m=0 TO LENGTH(w)
IF Up=True THEN
OUTPUT UPPER_CASE(w[m])
Up=False //toggle the Up variables between True/False
ELSE
OUTPUT LOWER_CASE(w[m])
Up=True //toggle the Up variables between True/False
END IF
NEXT m
57. A teacher needs to count all pupils who did their homework and all those who didn't and output the totals for
both in the end.
end_data=-999 //rogue value, used to indicate the end of data entry
keen=0 #an integer count of those with homework
naughty=0 #an integer count of those who didn't do their homework
done=False
WHILE done=False DO
OUTPUT "Did you do you homework? y/n "
INPUT homework
IF homework="y" THEN
keen=keen+1
ELSE IF homework="n" THEN
naughty=naughty+1
ELSE IF homework="-999" THEN
done=True
ELSE
OUTPUT "Stop mumbling and no excuses!"
END IF
END WHILE //once everybody has been counted...
OUTPUT keen + " did their homework"
OUTPUT naughty + " didn't do their homework"
58. A teacher needs to count all pupils who did their homework and all those who didn't and output the totals for
both in the end, while entering those who didn't into a special detention list.
end_data=-999 //rogue value, used to indicate the end of data entry
keen=0 #an integer count of those with homework
naughty=0 #an integer count of those who didn't do their homework
done=False
detentions=Array(1 TO 100) AS STRING //assume no more than 100 pupils
WHILE done=False DO
OUTPUT "Did you do you homework? y/n "
INPUT homework
IF homework="y" THEN
keen=keen+1
ELSE IF homework="n" THEN
INPUT name
detentions[naughty]=name
naughty=naughty+1
ELSE IF homework="-999" THEN
done=True
ELSE
OUTPUT "Stop mumbling and no excuses!"
END IF
END WHILE //once everybody has been counted...
OUTPUT keen + " did their homework"
OUTPUT naughty + " didn't do their homework"
FOR i=0 TO SIZE(detentions)
OUTPUT STRING(i) + ". " + detentions[i] //will display names as bulleted list
NEXT I
59. Write a program that will count an approximate number of characters in a book, given the input from a user
of average characters per word, avg words per line, and avg lines per page, as well as the number of pages, e.g. if
there are 200 pages, with average of 30 lines per page and average of 10 words per line and 6 characters per
word, we should get 360,000 characters in that book.
INPUT pages
INPUT lines
INPUT words
INPUT chars_per_line
Result=pages*lines*words*chars_per_line
OUTPUT Result
(c)2017 by I Avroutine 18
60. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program iterates through both arrays, displaying the elements side by side, e.g. given
["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
as names, and [45,34,89,100] as integers, the program will output "Bob: 45 points", "Cecil: 34 points", etc.
s=Array["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
n=Array[45,34,89,100]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)-1 //could have used LENGTH(n), too as they have the same length
OUTPUT s[i] + ": " + STRING(n[i]) + " points"
NEXT i

61. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program iterates through both arrays, displaying the elements side by side, e.g. given
["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
as names, and [45,34,89,100] as integers, but only for those who have over 40 points, so the program will output
"Bob - 45 points", "Nora - 89 points", etc, leaving out Cecil who scored fewer than 40 points.
s=Array["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
n=Array[45,34,89,100]
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)-1 //could have used LENGTH(n), too as they have the same length
IF n[i]>40 THEN
OUTPUT s[i] + ": " + STRING(n[i]) + " points"
END IF
NEXT i

62. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The user inputs a name, the program finds the matching name in the first array, remembers its index,
then it outputs the element from the integer array that is at the same index as the match.
If no match is found, the error code of "-999" is output.
s=Array["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
n=Array[45,34,89,100]
found=False
at_index=-999 //rogue aka nonsense value that is used as a default - easy to see if it never changed then
INPUT criteria //criteria is a word commonly used as "whatever we are searching for"
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)-1 //could have used LENGTH(n), too as they have the same length
IF n[i]=criteria THEN
found=True
at_index=i
EXIT FOR //breaks the loop, tehcnically not as clever as using WHILE loops
END IF
NEXT i
IF found=True THEN
OUTPUT n[at_index]
ELSE
OUTPUT at_index
END IF

63. A user has a list of prices [12,59,23,101] and would like to see each prices with and without VAT, with and
without 10% early bird discount, and with and without the 15% surcharge for overseas customers.
N=Array [12,59,23,101]
Factors=Array[1,1.2,1,0.9,1,1.15]
FOR j=0 TO LENGTH(N)
FOR k=0 TO LENGTH(Factors)
OUTPUT N[j]*Factors[k]
NEXT k
NEXT j

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 19
64. A program needs to write “Bob was here” into a text file called “memories.txt”
OPEN FILE “memories.txt" FOR WRITING AS FILE1
FILE1.WRITE(“Bob was here”)
CLOSE AND SAVE FILE1

A program needs to ask a user to write down 3 of their favourite Pikachu characters and write them into a text file
called “p.txt”
OPEN FILE “p.txt" FOR WRITING AS FILE1
FOR i=0 TO 3
INPUT pname
FILE1.WRITE(pname+LINE_BREAK)
NEXT i
CLOSE AND SAVE FILE1

65. A program needs to ask a user to write down any number of their favourite Pikachu characters and write them into
a text file called “p.txt”
OPEN FILE “p.txt" FOR WRITING AS FILE1
Finished=False
END_VALUE=-999
WHILE Finished=False //have to use conditional loops as we don’t know how many characters are there
INPUT pname
IF pname=END_VALUE THEN
Finished=True
ELSE
FILE1.WRITE(pname + LINE_BREAK)
END IF
END WHILE
CLOSE AND SAVE FILE1

66. Given an array of strings, the program needs to write all of its elements to a file called "data.txt"
s=Array["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
OPEN FILE "data.txt" FOR WRITING AS FILE1
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)-1
FILE1.WRITE(s[i]+LINE_BREAK)
NEXT i
CLOSE AND SAVE FILE1

67. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program needs to write each element of the names array, followed by a comma, followed by an element
of the integer array with the same index, to each new line in a file called "data.csv"
s=Array["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
n=Array[45,34,89,100]
OPEN FILE "data.csv" FOR WRITING AS FILE2
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)-1 //could have used LENGTH(n), too as they have the same length
FILE1.WRITE(s[i]+","+STRING(n[i])+LINE_BREAK)
NEXT i
CLOSE AND SAVE FILE2

68. We have two arrays, of 4 elements each. The first array contains names,
the other array contains integers representing points earned by each of the names in the other array.
The program needs to write each element of the names array, followed by a comma, followed by an element
of the integer array with the same index, to each new line in a file called "data.csv" BUT ONLY IF
the integer element is over 40, e.g. Cecil will not be written as he only has 34 points.
s=Array["Bob","Cecil","Nora","Amir"]
n=Array[45,34,89,100]
OPEN FILE "data.csv" FOR WRITING AS FILE2
FOR i=0 TO LENGTH(s)-1 //could have used LENGTH(n), too as they have the same length
IF n[i]>40 THEN
FILE1.WRITE(s[i]+","+STRING(n[i])+LINE_BREAK)
END IF (c)2017 by I Avroutine 20
NEXT i
CLOSE AND SAVE FILE2
68. Given a table of integers, the program will ask user for a column number and return the total of that column, e.g.
4 7 12 10
2 1 8 9
14 9 3 7
if the user inputs "0", they will see 20 (which is 4+2+14)
n=Array[[4,7,12,10],[2,1,8,9],[14,9,3,7] ]
INPUT column
total=0
FOR i=0 TO 3
total=total+n[i,column] //row first, column second
NEXT i
OUTPUT total

69. Given a table of integers, the program will ask user for a row number and return the total of that row, e.g.
4 7 12 10
2 1 8 9
14 9 3 7
if the user inputs "0", they will see 33 (which is 4+7+12+10)
n=Array[[4,7,12,10],[2,1,8,9],[14,9,3,7] ]
INPUT row
total=0
FOR i=0 TO 3
total=total+n[total,i]
NEXT i
OUTPUT total

70. The user wants to write two procedures which are selectable via a menu from the main screen. e.g. when the
program runs, the user
might see "Press 1 to hear praise, 2 to hear a put-down" where praise and put-down are defined in their respective
procedures
Function praise
OUTPUT "You are the amazingnest!"
END function
Function put_down
OUTPUT "You should be doing better in everything!"
END function
Function main
carry_on=True
WHILE carry_on=True
OUTPUT "Press 1 to hear praise, 2 to hear a put-down"
INPUT choice
IF choice="1" THEN
CALL praise
ELSE IF choice="2" THEN
CALL put_down
ELSE
OUTPUT "That was not a valid choice"
END IF
END WHILE
END function

(c)2017 by I Avroutine 21