Variables

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 Outline
1. What is variable?
2. Ruby variables
3. Ruby variable scope
4. Practice
5. Exercise

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 1. What is variable?

video

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 2. Ruby variables
❖ Global variable - $ sign
➔ Available everywhere within your Ruby script
❖ Local variable
➔ It depends on the scope (create new scope with new class, new module,
new method)
❖ Class variable - @@ sign
➔ Available from the class definition and any sub-classes. Not available
from anywhere outside.
❖ Instance variable - @ sign
➔ Available only within a specific object, across all methods in a class
instance. Not available directly from class definitions.
❖ Constants - Begin with a capital letter

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 3. Ruby variable scope

Image reference: https://www.sitepoint.com/understanding-scope-in-ruby/

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 4. Practice - Global variables
$global = 0

class C
puts "in a class: #{$global}" #Result

def my_method in a class: 0

puts "in a method: #{$global}"
in a method: 0
$global = $global + 1
$global: 1, $other_global: 3
$other_global = 3
end
end

C.new.my_method

puts "$global: #{$global}, $other_global: #{$other_global}"

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 4. Practice - Local variable
color = "Red"
def method1
color = 192
puts("Color Value in method1 : ", color)
end
#Result
def method2 Color value in method1: 192
color = 255
puts("Color Value method2: ", color) Color value in method2: 255
end Color value in method1: 192
Color value outside methods : Red
method1
method2
method1
puts("Color Value outside methods : " + color)

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 4. Practice - Instance variable
class Student
def initialize student_id, student_name
@student_id = student_id
@student_name = student_name
end
#Result
Student Name and ID :
def show
1
puts "Student Name and ID : "
Sara
puts @student_id, @student_name
Student Name and ID :
end
2
end
Raju
Student.new(1, "Sara").show
Student.new(2, "Raju").show

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 4. Practice - Class variables
class Polygon
@@sides = 10
puts Polygon.sides
def set_sides sides
@@sides = sides p1 = Polygon.new
#Result
end p1.set_sides 20
10
puts p1.get_sides
20
def get_sides 30
@@sides p2 = Polygon.new
30
end p2.set_sides 30
30
puts p2.get_sides
def self.sides puts p1.get_sides
@@sides puts Polygon.sides
end
end

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 4. Practice - Constant variables
#Result
(irb):2: warning: already initialized constant NAME
(irb):1: warning: previous definition of NAME was
NAME = "LIENQUAN" here
NAME = "PUBG" => "PUBG"
(irb):2: warning: already initialized constant Name
Name = "LIENQUAN" (irb):1: warning: previous definition of Name was
Name = "PUBG" here
=> "PUBG"

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 5. Exercise
Look at the following programs...
x = 0
3.times do
x += 1
end
puts x y = 0
3.times do
y += 1
x = y
end
puts x

What does x print to the screen in each case? Do they both give errors? Are
the errors different? Why?
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 5. Exercise
The first prints 3 to the screen.

The second throws an error undefined local variable or method because x is not
available as it is created within the scope of the do/end block.

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 References
❖ http://ruby-doc.org/
❖ http://annaershova.github.io/blog/2015/10/26/variable-in-ruby/
❖ http://rosettacode.org/wiki/99_Bottles_of_Beer#Ruby
❖ https://www.w3resource.com/ruby/ruby-variables-constants.php
❖ https://github.com/awesome-academy/RubyExample_TFW

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 Question & Answer?

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