ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER PROBLEMS:

Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel # (032) 254-33-84
th
1. Which number has four significant figures?
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg. 1955, C M Recto Corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 A. 0.0014 B. 0.01414 C. 0.141 D. 1.4140

MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA) – DAY 1 2. Solve 3 · (9) = (3 ) for k.

3. Expand (x - 2)3 - 8y3.

I. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
4. Find the value of that will make the statement identity. ( − )( + 2 ) = − 3 − 18
Significant figures are numbers in a digit that represent the accuracy of the value.

Example:
IV. EQUATIONS
1. 46 2 significant figures
2. 14000 2 significant figures
3. 3.4 x 104 2 significant figures 1. LINEAR EQUATION (First Degree Equation)
4. 45.60 4 significant figures
5. 68.00 4 significant figures A. Linear equations with one unknown
6. 1.0230 5 significant figures Solution: Simple Transposition
7. 0.0010300 5 significant figures
B. Linear Equations with two or more unknowns
Solution:
II. FACTORING 1. Substitution method
2. Elimination method
Factoring is the process of reducing a mathematical expression into a product of simpler elements. 3. Determinants

Common Factoring Identities: 2. QUADRATIC EQUATION (Second Degree Equation)

1. a( x + y ) = ax + ay 6. 3 3 2
( x + y ) = x + 3 x y + 3xy + y 2 3
A. Quadratic Equations with only one unknown
General Equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0
2. ( x + a)( x + b) = x + (a + b)x + ab
2
7. ( x - y )3 = x 3 - 3x 2y + 3xy 2 - y 3 Example: Solve for x: x2 – x + 6 = 0

3. Solution:
x 2 - y 2 = ( x + y )( x - y ) (difference of squares) 8. x 3 - y 3 = ( x - y )(x 2 + xy + y 2 ) (difference of cubes) 1. Quadratic formula
4. ( x + y )2 = x 2 + 2xy + y 2 9. x 3 + y3 = ( x + y )( x 2 - xy + y 2 ) (sum of cubes) ±
=
5. 2 2 2
( x - y) = x - 2xy + y 10. ( x + y + z ) = x + y + z + 2xy + 2yz + 2xz
2 2 2 2
*for any quadratic equation like: + +

Discriminant: −
III. LAWS OF EXPONENTS
a. A positive discriminant indicates that the quadratic has two distinct real number solutions.
Laws of exponents are a set of rules in algebra that define how exponents of numbers can be algebraically b. A discriminant of zero indicates that the quadratic has a repeated real number solution.
operationalized. c. A negative discriminant indicates that neither of the solutions are real numbers.

Note: b2 = 4ac - the roots are equal. Therefore, there is only one real solution.
b2 > 4ac - the roots are real and unequal
1. =1 6. ( · ) = · 11. 0 1 = 0
b2 < 4ac - the roots are imaginary
2. =√ 7. = = · 12. 1 0 = Properties of Roots:
3. ( ) = 1
8. = 13. 1 ∞ = 0 �
Sum of roots: + = Product of roots: =
4. · =
9. = ℎ = 14. 0 0 =
5. =
10. 1 1 = 1 15. ∞⁄∞ =
2. Completing the square

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 A. Cofactors are determinants of submatrices associated with particular entries in the original square matrix.
3. Factoring if factorable �� � �
For 3 x 3 matrix: = �
B. Quadratic equations with two unknowns: �

Solution: 1. Elimination method

2. Substitution method The minor corresponding to entry a12 in a 3 x 3 matrix is the determinant of the matrix created by eliminating
3. Determinants row 1 and column 2.

Example: Solve for x and y: �

x2 – y2 = 8 and x2 + y2 = 10 � =
�

3. CUBIC EQUATION (Third Degree Equation) And the cofactor entry of =−

�
=+
� ��
�
Best Solution: Using Calculator
B. The classical adjoint is the transpose of the cofactor matrix.
4. QUADRIC EQUATION (Fourth Degree Equation)
+ − +
Best Solution: Trial and error ⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
= ⎜− + − ⎟;
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
PROBLEMS
⎝+ − + ⎠
1. What is the solution to the following system of simultaneous linear equations?
10x + 3y + 10z = 5 8x – 2y + 9z = 3 8x + y – 10z = 7

2. What are the roots of the cubic equation x3 – 8x – 3 = 0? + − +

⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
3. If the = 1 − 1 − √1−. … … , what is the value of z? adj ( ) = C = ⎜− + − ⎟
⎜ ⎟
A. 0.453 B. 0.618 C. 0.816 D. 0.681 ⎜ ⎟

⎝+ − + ⎠
4. Find the value of x if 2 + √2 + 4 = 4
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
PROBLEMS:
5. Solve for z in the equation 1 6 0 1 −2 −4
+3 − =4 1. Problem: Given: = 4 2 7 = −3 6 −7
3 − 2 + 4 = 11 0 5 3 4 −4 −6
2 + + 3 = 13
Find: A. Determinant of Matrix A and Matrix B.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 B. Product of Matrix A and Matrix B.
C. Inverse of Matrix A
D. Transpose of matrix B
V. MATRICES E. Cofactor of Matrix A
F. Classical adjoint of Matrix A
1. Transpose Matrix
The transpose ( ) of an m x n matrix is an n x m matrix constructed by taking ith row and making it the ith cos − sin
2. What is the inverse of the given matrix
column. sin cos
1 6 9 1 2 7
= 2 3 4 = 6 3 1
7 1 5 9 4 5
3. If the determinant of Matrix A is -40, what is the determinant of matrix B?
2. Multiplication and Addition of matrix.
Use calculator. 4 3 2 1 2 1.5 1 0.5
3. Determinant (can be solve using calculator) = 0 1 2 −1 = 0 1 2 −1
2 3 −1 1 2 3 −1 1
A. If A has a row or column of zeros, the determinant is zero. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
B. If A has two identical rows or columns, the determinant is zero.
4. Cofactor and Classical Adjoint

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
9. What is the matrix difference A – B of matrices A and B?
é3 4 1 ù é5 2 -6 ù
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A = ê ú B = ê ú
Manila Branch: 3 rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto Corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 ë5 2 - 2û ë- 5 4 7û
-2 5 7ù é-2 0 7ù
A. éê ú
C. ê1 - 2 - 9 ú
MATHEMATICS – ALGEBRA ë8 - 2 - 9 û ë û
-2 1 7ù é-2 2 7ù
B. éê ú D. ê10 - 2 - 9ú
PROBLEM SET # 1 ë10 - 2 - 6 û ë û
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
é1 - 3 2ù
1. Which number has four significant figures? ê ú
10. The determinant of matrix A is -7. What is the missing value a? A = ê0 1 2ú
A. 0.0025 B. 0.02525 C. 0.0252 D. 2.4250
êë3 - 1 aúû
2. What is the solution of the equation 25x2 + 2(x – 4)2 = -3, where x is a real-valued variable? A. 11 B. 45 C. 75 D. 15
A. -6.12 and -3.88 B. -0.52 and 0.700 C. 7.55 D. no solution
11. How many significant digits do the 20,540.00 have?
4 1 A. 7 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4
3. What is the determinant of the following 2 x 2 matrix?
2 6
A. 18 B. 20 C. 22 D. 24
12. Which of the following is not true of the given equations below?
n
1 3 6 A. xm/n = xm B. mx = my, then x = y C. a2 + b2 = a + b D. (x/y)a = xa y-a
4. What is the determinant of the following matrix? 2 −1 1
1 2 −1 2 2
A. 30 B. 34 C. 38 D. 42 13. Solve for x: x = (b - 4 b + 16)(b - 16)
b3 + 64
5. Solve the following set of simultaneous linear equations for A, B, and C.
b2 - 4
2A + 3B – C = -10 -A + 4B + 2C = -4 2A – 2B + 5C = 30 A. b + 4 B. b - 4 C. D. b – 4
A. 8.38, -4.81, 4.32 C. 6.38, -9.81, 4.32 b + 4 b + 4
B. 1.38, -5.81, 4.32 D. 1.38, -2.81, 4.32
14. Factor the expression as completely as possible 3x3 - 3x2 - 18x.
6. What is the value of A satisfying the expression A-5/4 = 0.001? A. 3x(x+2)(x+3) B. 3x(x-2)(x-3) C. 2x(x+2)(x-3) D. 3x(x+2)(x-3)
A. 211.19 B. 231.19 C. 251.19 D. 271.19
15. Factor the expression as completely as possible x - y .
4 4

7. Refer to the following systems of equations. A. (x2-y2)(x+y)(x-y) B. (x2+y2)(x-y)(x-y) C. (x2+y2)(x+y)(x+y) D. (x2+y2)(x+y)(x-y)

4x + 3y + 10z = 5 8x – 2y + 9z = 5 8x + y – 10z = 5
What is the classical adjoint of the coefficient matrix? 16. Factor the expression as completely as possible x + 8x + 16.
2

A. (x+6)2 B. (x+4)2 C. (x-4)2 D. (x+4)3

é 10 42 47 ù é 11 40 57 ù
A. ê152 - 120 44 ú C. ê152 - 120 44 ú
ê ú ê ú ¥ - 4000
= ?
ëê 24 20 - 32ûú ëê 64 20 - 32ûú
17. ¥
é11 450 47 ù é 11 40 47 ù A. 0 B. 1 C. infinity D. indeterminate
B. ê12 - 120 44 ú
ú D. ê152 - 120 44 ú
ú
ê ê 18. i 23
is equal to
ëê24 20 - 32ûú ë 24
ê 20 - 32ûú
A. i B. 1 C. -1 D. -i

8. Refer to the following systems of equations. 19. Factor the expression as completely as possible ay + ax –xb – by.
4x + 3y + 10z = 5 8x – 2y + 9z = 5 8x + y – 10z = 5 A. (x+y)(a-b) B. (x+y)(a+b) C. (xy)(ab) D. (x+y)(ab)
What is the inverse of the coefficient matrix?
é0.0648 0.054 0.535 ù é0.0148 0.454 0.0635 ù 20. Solve the equation simultaneously 4x + 2y = 5 and 5x - 3y = -2
A. êê0.2054 - 0.162 0.0594 úú C. êê0.6054 - 0.162 0.0594 úú A. 1, 2 B. ½ , 3/2 C. 2, 3 D. ½, ¾
ê0.0324 0.027 - 0.043ú ê0.0324 0.027 - 0.043ú 21. Solve for x: x – 3y = 10 and 2x + y = 6
ë û ë û
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
é0.0148 0.054 0.0635 ù é0.5148 0.054 0.2635 ù
B. êê0.2054 - 0.162 0.0594 úú D. êê0.2054 - 0.462 0.0594 úú 22. Three bars of iron weigh 3 2/5, 5 1/2, and 7 3/10 kilograms. Find their average weight.
êë0.0324 0.027 - 0.043úû êë0.0324 0.027 - 0.043úû A. 4.4 kg B. 5.4 kg C. 6.4 kg D. 7.4 kg

23. A number minus 4 is 9. Find the number.

A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13

24. What are the solutions to the following equation? x2 – x – 20 = 0

A. x1 = 3; x2 = -4 B. x1 = 5; x2 = -4 C. x1 = 7; x2 = -4 D. x1 = 9; x2 = -4

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25. Determine the SUM of the positive-valued solutions to the simultaneously equations:
xy = 24 yz = 32 xz = 48
A. 18 B. 16 C. 15 D. 17

26. Solve for x: 3x + 9x = 27x.

A. 0.438 B. 0.460 C. 0.415 D. 0.482

é2 - 1ù
27. Determine the product of the following matrices: ê1 0 ú x é1 - 2 - 5 ù
ê ú ê3 4 0 ú
êë3 4 úû ë û

é- 1 - 8 - 10ù é- 1 - 8 - 10ù
A. ê 1 - 2 - 5 úú B. ê- 1 - 2 5 úú
ê ê
êë15 10 - 15úû êë 9 22 15 úû
é0 0 - 10ù é0 0 - 10ù
C. ê1 - 2 - 5 ú D. ê 1 - 2 - 5 ú
ê ú ê ú
êë0 21 15 úû êë0 21 - 15úû

2 3 1
28. If A = - 1 2 4 . What is the cofactor with the second row, third column element?
0 5 7
1 3 2 3
A. B. -
0 5 0 5
1 7 3 1
C. - D.
2 0 0 7

29. A student had an average of 72 so far in her 4 quizzes. How much should he get in her fifth quiz to raise his
average to 75?
A. 83 B. 85 C. 87 D. 89

30. The average of six scores is 83. If the highest score is removed, the average of the remaining scores is 81.2.
Find the highest score.
A. 91 B. 92 C. 93 D. 94

31. Jody’s English quiz scores are 56, 93, 72, 89 and 87. What is the median of her scores?
A. 87 B. 85 C. 72 D. 56

ANSWER KEY:

1. B 8. B 15. D 22. B 29. C

2. D 9. D 16. B 23. D 30. B
3. C 10. D 17. D 24. B 31. A
4. C 11. A 18. D 25. A
5. D 12. C 19. A 26. A
6. C 13. D 20. B 27. A
7. D 14. D 21. D 28. B

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER 3. Exponential Form: =

Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th 4. Power: = ( + ) = [ ( ) + ( )]
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
° °
5. Roots: = ( + ) = cos + + sin +
MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA) – DAY 2

I. COMPLEX NUMBERS
A complex number is any number that can be written as + , where is the imaginary unit and and are real PROBLEMS:
numbers.
1. What is the rationalized value of the following complex quotient? 6 + 2.5i
+ 3 + 4i

2. What is the product of the complex numbers 2 – 2i and √32 � ?

A. 16 B. 16i C. 16ei π/4 D. 16(1 – i)

3. What is the cube root of complex number (8, 60o)?

A. 2(cos60o + isin60o) C. (2.7)(cos20o + isin20o)
A. To add two complex numbers, add the real part to the real part and the imaginary part to the imaginary B. (2)(icos20o + sin20o) D. (2)(cos(20o + 120on) + isin(20o + 120on))
part.
4. Evaluate (2 – 3i)6
( + )+( + )=( + )+( + )

B. To subtract two complex numbers, subtract the real part from the real part and the imaginary part from
the imaginary part. III. VECTORS
( + )−( + )=( − )+( − ) Vectors are mathematical entities that have magnitude and direction. Furthermore, it can be decomposed into several
components i, j, and k which often corresponds to x, y, and z axes in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate
system.
C. To multiply two complex numbers, use the FOIL method and combine like terms.

( + )( + ) = + + + For given two vectors, = + + = + +

= +( + ) − ( = −1)
=( − )+( + )
1. Vector Magnitude: | |= + + | |= + +

D. To divide two complex numbers, multiply the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate,
expand and simplify. Then, write the final answer in standard form. 2. Unit Vector:
�
+ +
�
+ +
| | | | | | | | | | | |
+ − ( + )+( − )
∗ = 3. Sum: + = ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )
+ − +
4. Difference: − = ( − ) + ( − ) + ( − )

II. COMPLEX OPERATIONS 5. Dot Product: · = + +

· = | || | cos
Consist of real and imaginary numbers. Where: is the angle between the two vectors
1. Rectangular Form: = +
6. Cross Product: × =
Where: = √−1

2. Polar Form: = (from calculator)

= ( + )

Where: = =
=√ + = tan

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 PROBLEMS A C
C. For pumping a reservoir.
1. Refer to the vectors A and B. If A and C are inlet pipes and B is the outlet pipe, 1 1 1 1
A = 2i + 4j + 8k B = -2i + j – 4k then if they are working together, they could finish the + - =
A C B T
Find: work in time T.
A. The resultant vectors A and B
B. The dot product, A . B B
C. The cross-product A x B
D. The (A + B).(B + C) D. Work replacement.
E. The unit vector of A If A and B working together for x days and if C replaces B æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö
xç + ÷ + yç + ÷ = 1
F. The angle between A and B then A and B can finish the work in remaining y days. è A Bø è A Cø

IV. PROBLEM-SOLVING IN ALGEBRA

4. AGE PROBLEM
1. NUMBER PROBLEMS
Let: M = age of Maria now J = age of Jose now
Consecutive numbers: Consecutive odd numbers: Consecutive even numbers
x = first number x = first number x = first number PAST PRESENT FUTURE
x + 2 = second number x + 2 = second number
x + 1 = second number Five years ago Today Six years from now
x + 4 = third number x + 4 = third number M-5 M M+6
x + 2 = third number
J-5 J J+6

Note:
2. RATE PROBLEMS A. The difference of their ages at any time are equal
B. The sum of their ages 5 years ago = (M - 5) + (J - 5)
S S C. The sum of their ages 6 years from now = (M + 6) + (J + 6)
ST = v t v = t=
t v
where: S = distance traveled 5. MIXTURE PROBLEM
v = constant velocity t = time
A. If two substances added:

For horizontal straight path: %x1 %x2 %x3

Car moving in continuous path with different speed.
m1 m2 m1 + m2
+ =
1. S = total distance = S1 + S2 = v1 t1 + v 2 t2
m1 (%x1) + m2 (%x2) = (m1 + m2) (%x3)
S1 S2
2. t = total time = t1 + t2 = +
v1 v2
B. If certain amount removed from the original amount:
3. Average velocity, vave vave = Total Dis tan ce = S1 + S2 = S1 + S2
Total Time t1 + t 2 S1 / v1 + S2 / v 2
%x1 %x2 %x3

m1 - m2 = m1 + m2

3. WORK PROBLEMS m1 (%x1) - m2 (%x2) = (m1 + m2) (%x3)

A. If both A and B working together could finish the work in 1 1 1 T days. Note: For a mixture of water and NaCl, if water is evaporated, then 100% water is removed and 0% NaCl is removed.
+ =
A B T
B. If the time of A is twice that of B and they could finish 1 1 1
working together in T days, then A = 2B + = PROBLEMS
2B B T
1. The numbers have a ratio of 2:5:8. If the sum of the numbers is 60, what is the larger number?
A. 36 B. 32 C. 24 D. 22

2. A car travels 100 miles to city A in 3 hours, then travels 200 miles to city B in 4 hours. What is the average
speed of the car for the trip?
A. 45 mph B. 58.3 mph C. 60 mph D. 42.85 mph

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3. Tukmol can paint a fence of 50% faster than Kikoy and 20% faster than Tiburcio and together they can paint a
given fence in 4 hours. How long will it take Tukmol to paint the same fence if he had to work alone?
A. 11 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

4. Crew A can clean the Megadome in 8 hours and crew B can clean it in 12 hours. After a night game, Crew A
began a cleanup at midnight and was joined by crew B at 2:00 am. When was the job completed?

5. John is four times as old as Harry. In six years, John will be twice as old as Harry. What is the age of Harry now?
(April 2004)
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

6. Two thousand (2000) kg of steel containing 8% nickel is to be made by mixing a steel containing 14% nickel with
another containing 6% nickel. How much of each is needed?

7. Two runners run in a 500 m diameter circular track field at the same point and opposite direction. If one runner has
a rate of 1 m/sec and the other has 1.5 m/sec, find the time they will meet.
A. 10.47 minutes
B. 16.48 minutes
C. 20.47 minutes
D. 24.67 minutes

8. Karen drove a certain distance at an average speed of 80 km/hr and then another distance at 84 km/hr. If the
total distance traveled was 450 km and the total traveling time was 5.5 hr, find the distance she traveled at 84
km/hr.

9. A man can row 6 mph in still water. If it takes him 3 hours to row 8 miles downstream and then back, what is the
rate of the current?

10. A radiator contains 8 liters of a 40% anti-freeze solution. How many liters of pure anti-freeze must be added to
obtain a 50% solution?

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
15. A boat man rows to a place 4.8 miles with the stream and back in 14 hours but finds he can row 14 miles with the
stream in the same time as 3 miles against the stream. Find the rate of the stream.
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 1.5 mph B. 1 mph C. 0.8 mph D. 0.6 mph
Manila Branch: 3 rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto Corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
16. The sum of two numbers is 30. One number is 4 more than the other. Find the numbers.
MATHEMATICS - ALGEBRA A. 10 and 14 B. 11 and 15 C. 12 and 16 D. 13 and 17

17. If the smaller of two consecutive integers is tripled, the result is 9 more than the larger. Find the integers.
PROBLEM SET # 2 A. 3 and 6 B. 4 and 5 C. 5 and 6 D. 6 and 7
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
18. The product of two consecutive odd integers is 63. Find the smaller integers.
1. What is the resultant, R, of the vectors F1, F2, and F3? A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
F1 = 4i + 7j + 6k F2 = 9i + 2j + 11k F3 = 5i – 3j – 6k
A. R = 13i + 6j + 11k C. R = 18i + 8j + 11k 19. A motorboat can travel 12 mph in still water. If the boat takes the same amount of time to travel 4 miles
B. R = 18i - 6j + 11k D. R = 18i + 6j + 11k upstream as it does to travel 5 miles downstream, find the speed of the current.
A. 1 mph B. 2 mph C. 1 1/3 mph D. 4 mph
2. Simplify the expression (A x B).C, given
A = 3i + 2j B = 2i + 3j + k C = 5i + 2j + 3k 20. A plane takes the same amount of time to fly 30 miles against the wind as it does to fly 50 miles with the wind. If
A. 13 B. 15 C. 17 D. 19 the speed of the wind is 25 mph, find the speed of the plane in still air.
A. 70 mph B. 80 mph C. 90 mph D. 100 mph
3. What is the product of the complex numbers 3 + 5i and 7 – 2i?
A. 11 + 29i B. 31 + 22i C. 31 + 29i D. 31 - 29i 21. Two cyclists head in opposite directions on a straight road. One cycles at 10 mph and the other at 15 mph. In
how many hours will they be 75 miles apart?
4. What is the rectangular form of the complex number 6ei(5π/13)? A. 2 hrs B. 2.5 hrs C. 3 hrs D. 3.5 hrs
A. 1.13 + 8.61i B. 5.13 + 5.61i C. 2.13 + 3.61i D. 2.13 + 5.61i
22. The product of two consecutive odd integers is 35. Find the smaller integer.
6 + 4i A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
5. What is the rationalized value of the following complex quotient?
3 + 4i
A. 1.36 - 0.48i B. 2.36 - 0.68i C. 3.36 - 0.88i D. 4.36 - 0.58i 23. How much water must be evaporated from 10 kg solution which has 4% salt to make a solution of 10% salt?
A. 4 kg B. 5 kg C. 6 kg D. 7 kg
6. For the three vectors A, B, and C, what is the product A · (B x C)?
A = 6i + 8j + 10k B = i + 2j + 3k C = 3i + 4j + 8k 24. Debbie is now twice as old as Jerry. Four years ago, Debbie was three times as old as Jerry then. How old is
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16 Debbie?
A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 24
7. Find the length of the resultant of the following vectors.
3i + 4j -5k 7i + 2j + 3k -16i -14j + 8k 25. A pump can pump out a tank in 10 hours. Another pump can pump the same tank in 16 hrs. How long will it take
A. 11.66 B. 13.66 C. 15.66 D. 17.66 both pumps together to pump out the tank?
A. 7 hours B. 7 1/2 hours C. 6.15 hours D. 6 1/2 hours
8. Find the unit vector (i.e. the direction vector) associated with the vector 18i + 7j + 29k.
A. 0.116i + 0.201j + 0.832k C. 0.516i + 0.201j + 0.632k 26. A chemist of a distillery experimented on two alcohol solutions of different strength, 35% alcohol and 50%
B. 0.516i + 0.401j + 0.832k D. 0.516i + 0.201j + 0.832k alcohol, respectively. How many cubic meters of each strength must be used in order to produce a mixture of
100 m3 that contains 42% alcohol?
9. Refers to the vectors A and B. What is the dot product A · B of the vectors? A. 43.33 m3, 46.67 m3 C. 53.33 m3, 46.67 m3
A = 2i + 4j + 8k B = -2i + j – 5k B. 63.33 m3, 46.67 m3 D. 13.33 m3, 66.67 m3
A. -34 B. -36 C. -38 D. -40
27. Sara can type twice as fast as Sean. Together they can type the annual report in 4 days. How long would it take
10. Six times the sum of a number and 1 is 9 less than the number. Find the number. Sara to type the annual report by herself?
A. 1 B. 2 C. -3 D. -4 A. 3 days B. 4 days C. 5 days D. 6 days

11. You see fireworks 2 seconds before you hear them. If the speed of sound is 1100 fps, how far away are the 28. A faucet can fill an empty utility sink in 3 minutes. The drain can empty a full sink in 5 minutes. If by mistake
fireworks? both are open, how long will it take to fill an empty sink?
A. 2510 ft B. 2200 ft C. 3530 ft D. 550 ft A. 7 ½ min B. 8 ½ min C. 8 ½ min D. 9 ½ min

12. A collection of 30 dimes and quarters is worth $4.35. How many quarters are there? 29. Sandi is 5 years older than Peggy. In 6 years, the sum of their ages will be 31. Find the present age of Sandi.
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 A. 12 B. 14 C. 16 D. 18

13. Twice the sum of two numbers is 22. The sum of the squares of the two numbers is 61. The product of the two 30. How many grams of an alloy that is 80% copper should be melted with 20 grams of an alloy that is 30% copper
numbers is to produce an alloy that is 40% copper?
A. 36 B. 30 C. 58 D. 68 A. 5 grams B. 6 grams C. 7 grams D. 8 grams

14. If a two-digit number has x for its unit’s digit and y for its ten’s digit, represent the number.
A. 10x + y B. 10y + x C. yx D. xy

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31. In a certain laboratory, a chemist has 24 ml of 78% sulfuric acid solution. How many liters of pure sulfuric acid ANSWER KEY:
should he add to make 85% solution?
A. 4.60 ml B. 5.80 ml C. 16.40 ml D. 11.20 ml 1. D 10. C 19. C 28. A 37. A
2. D 11. B 20. D 29. A 38. C
32. Person A can do a job in 5 hours. Working with person B, the job takes 3 hours. How long would it take B
working alone to do the job?
3. C 12. D 21. C 30. A 39. D
A. 7.5 hrs B. 8.5 hrs C. 9.5 hrs D. 10.5 hrs 4. D 13. B 22. B 31. D 40. D
5. A 14. B 23. C 32. A 41. A
33. Twice the sum of two numbers is 28. The sum of the squares of the two numbers is 100. The product of the two 6. B 15. C 24. B 33. A 42. D
numbers is 7. A 16. D 25. C 34. B 43. C
A. 48 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36 8. D 17. C 26. C 35. D
9. D 18. A 27. D 36. C
34. In a 3-digit number, the hundreds digit is 4 more than the unit digit and the tens digit is twice the hundred digit. If
the sum of the digits is 12, find the units digit.
A. 4 B. 0 C. 8 D. 2

35. Two planes leave New York at 10 AM, one heading for Europe at 600 kph and one heading in the opposite
direction at 150 kph. At what time they be 900 kms apart?
A. 11:30 AM B. 12:15 PM C. 12:00 NN D. 11:12 AM

36. Martha drives half the distance from A to B at 40 miles per hour and the other half the distance at 60 miles per
hour. What is her average rate of speed, in miles per hour, for the entire trip?
A. 48 B. 49 C. 50 D. 51

37. Two women paint a barn. Barbara can paint it alone in 5 days, Sara in 8 days. They start to paint it together, but
after 2 days Sara gets bored and Barbara finishes alone. How long does it take her to finish?
A. 1-3/4 days B. 1-1/2 days C. 1-2/5 days D. 1-1/9 days

38. Jones can paint a car in 8 hours. Smith can paint the same car in 6 hours. They start to paint the car together.
After 2 hours, Jones leaves for lunch and Smith finishes painting the car alone. How long does it take Smith to
finish?
A. 3 ½ hrs B. 1 ½ hrs C. 2 ½ hrs D. 4 ½ hrs

39. A farmer has 100 galloons of 70% pure disinfectant. He wishes to mix it with disinfectant which is 90% pure in
order to obtain 75% pure disinfectant. How much of the 90% pure disinfectant must he use?
A. 25 ½ B. 30 C. 33 D. 33 1/3

40. Alex is 8 years older than Cynthia. Twenty years ago, Alex was three times as old as Cynthia. How old is Cynthia
now?
A. 18 B. 20 C. 30 D. 24

41. Baby’s age is three times Maria’s. If 20 is added to Maria’s age and 20 is subtracted from Baby’s, their ages will
be equal. How old is baby now?
A. 60 B. 90 C. 45 D. 75

42. Susan’s age in 20 years will be the same as Thelma’s age is now. Ten years from now, Thelma’s age will be
twice Susan’s. What is the present age of Thelma?
A. 45 B. 40 C. 50 D. 30

43. Mrs. Smith is twice as old as her daughter Sam. Ten years ago, the sum of their ages was 46 years. How old is
Sam?
A. 12 B. 15 C. 22 D. 19

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
2. Rectangle
A = Lw P = 2L + 2w D = L2 + w 2
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th

Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
3. Triangle
MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA) – DAY 3 A. Given triangle base and height
1
A= b h
2
I. PROBLEM SOLVING IN ALGEBRA (Continuation)
B. Perimeter = a + b + c

6. CLOCK PROBLEM
Where:
x = distance traveled by minute hand after 3 o’clock PROBLEMS:
/12 = distance traveled by hour hand after 3 o’clock
1. The sides of a right triangle are in arithmetic progression whose common difference is 6. Find the hypotenuse.
Note:
1. The minute hand travels 12 times faster than the hour hand. 2. A picture 9 cm by 12 cm is framed in wood. What uniform width of the frame if it has an area of 162 cm2?
2. If the hands of the clock are perpendicular, number of A. 1 cm
minutes between them is 15 minutes (90°). B. 2 cm
3. If they are opposite in direction, number of minutes between C. 3 cm
them is 30 minutes (180o equivalent). D. 4 cm

By angular method: 3. A deck 2m wide surrounds a rectangular pool. The pool itself is one and a half times as long as it is wide. The
1. Each number corresponds in the clock (5 minutes equivalent) is 30o each. area of the deck alone is 112 m2. Find the dimensions of the pool.
2. t = the time in minutes traveled by the long hand.
2
t= (Ðref ± q )
11
where: Ð = reference angle of shorthand (30o for every 5 min.). 8. INVESTMENT PROBLEM
ref
θ = angle equivalent between long hand and shorthand.
Let: PA = amount invested at iA interest
PB = amount invested at iB interest
Use: + if the long hand is ahead of the shorthand.
Then,
- if the long hand is behind the shorthand.
A. Total investment = PA + PB

B. Profit = PA (iA) + PB (iB)

PROBLEMS: C. If they have the same profit: PA (iA) = PB (iB)
where: i = interest rate
1. At approximately what time between the hours of 12:00 noon and 1:00 pm would the angle between the hour
hand and the minute hand of continuously driven clock be
A. Exactly 180°
B. Perpendicular for the second time
PROBLEMS:
2. What time after 3 o’clock will the hands of the clock be 60 degrees for the second time?
1. The salary of an employee’s job has five levels, each one 5% greater than the one below it. Due to
circumstances, the salary of the employee must be reduced from the top (fifth) level to the second level, which
results in a reduction of $122.00 per month. What is the employee’s present salary per month?
A. $440/mo B. 570/mo C. $680/mo D. $900/mo
7. GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 2. Lynn invested 800 pesos at a certain interest rate and 2000 pesos at a rate of 4% higher. She earned 146 pesos
more in annual interest on the larger investment than on the smaller one. If the return on both investments totaled
1. Square 234 pesos, find the interest rate in 800 pesos investment.

A = x2 Perimeter = 4 x D = 2 x 3. A group of fishermen chartered a boat for 3,000 pesos. Two members of the group were unable to go the trip and
as a consequence, each of the other had to pay 125 pesos more. How many were there in the original group?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12

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 II. VARIATION PROBLEMS Case 4: Repeated Quadratic factors
x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2 - 7 A Bx + C Dx + E
Variations are relationships between two or more variables, where the change in the value of one variable is = + +
( x + 2)( x 2 + x + 1) 2 ( x + 2) ( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 2 + x + 1) 2
dependent on the change in the value of the other variable.

1. Direct Variation: Solving the equation, A = 1; B = 2; C = -3; D = 0; E = -1

If x varies directly as y

x∝y x = ky k=
PROBLEMS
2. Inverse Variation:
If x varies inversely as y 1. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x = 14 when y = 7 and z = 2, find the value of x when y = 16 and
z = 4.
�
x∝ x= k = xy 2. For the given term (3x + 4y)8. Find the following:
A. 3rd term
B. Middle term
3. Joint Variation:
C. Term involving x5
If x varies directly as y and inversely as the square of z
D. Term involving y7
�
x∝ x= k= 3. Determine the absolute sum of the coefficient of the variables in the expression (2x + 3y – z)8.
� �
A. 65,536 B. 56,563 C. 63,655 D. 66,535
4. Resolve
x+2 .
x2 - 7x + 12
III. BINOMIAL THEOREM
5. Refer to the transform function L(s). What is the partial fraction expansion of L(s)?
The binomial theorem refers to the algebraic expansion of powers in a binomial, commonly denoted as s(s + 10)
L(s) =
(s + 5)(s + 15)
(x + y)n

Note: The coefficient of any term after the first may be found from the preceding term by multiplying its coefficient by
the exponent of x and dividing by the number of terms.
V. PERMUTATIONS
Permutations are groups of entities or objects arranged in a specific order.

IV. PARTIAL FRACTION nPr = the number of permutations of “n” things taken “r” at a time

n !
Case 1: Linear Factors not repeated. n Pr =
(n - r ) !
2 2
7x - 23x + 10 7x - 23 x + 10 A B C
= = + + where: 5! = 5(4)(3)(2)(1) 0! = 1
(3x - 1)( x 2 + x - 2) (3x - 1)(( x - 1)( x + 2) (3 x - 1) ( x - 1) ( x + 2)
Example:
Solving the equation, A = -2; B = -1; C = 4
How many permutations can be made out of the letters A, B and C taken three at a time?

Solution: For A, B & C, taken 3 at a time

Case 2: Repeated Linear Factors.
4x 3 + 16x 2 - 5x + 3 A B C D The following arrangements can be made:
= + + + ABC, BCA, CAB, CBA, ACB, BAC = 6 ways
( x - 1) 2 ( x + 2) 2 ( x - 1) ( x - 1) 2 ( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2
Using the formula: (n = 3; r = 3)
Solving the equation, A = 2; B = 3; C = 5; D = 1
n ! 3 !
No. of ways = = = 6 ways
(n - r ) ! (3 - 3) !
Case 3: Quadratic Factors not Repeated.
Permutation of things, some of these are alike or similar.
3x 2 - x + 1 A Bx + C The permutation of n things in which s are alike, t are alike, u are alike, and so on is:
= +
( x + 1)( x - x + 3) ( x + 1) ( x 2 - x + 3)
2
P =
n !
Solving the equation, A = 1; B = 2; C = -2 s! t ! u!

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How many permutations are there in the word BANANA? (EE BD. APR. ‘97)

Solution: n = 6; 3 A’s and 2 N’s

n ! 6 !
P = = = 60 ways
A ! N! 3! 2!

Circular Permutations

Permutation in a circle or round table by taking one object or things at a time.

P = (n - 1) !

PROBLEMS:
1. How many permutations can be made out of the letters of the word ENGINEERING?
A. 277,200 B. 272,700 C. 200,277 D. 227,700

2. How many circular permutations are possible when seating four people around a table?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 12 D. 24

3. Four different colored flags can be hung in a row to make coded signal. In how many ways can have a display of
two or more flags?

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER 14. Resolve the following into partial fractions. (3x2 - 8x + 9)/(x - 2)3
A. 2/(x-2) + 4/(x-2)2 + 5/(x-2)3 C. 3/(x-2) - 4/(x-2)2 + 8/(x-2)3
Cebu: 4TH Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) B. 3/(x-2) + 4/(x-2)2 + 1/(x-2)3 D. 3/(x-2) + 4/(x-2)2 + 5/(x-2)3
Manila Branch: 3 rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto Corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
15. Find the constant term in the expansion of (2x3 – 1/x2)5
M A T H E M A T I C S – ALGEBRA A. 34 B. 56 C. -108 D. -40

16. Find the sum of coefficients of (2x - 3y)12.

PROBLEM SET # 3 A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
17. Supposed $40,000 is invested at 7%. How much additional money would have to be invested at 11% to make
1. The salary of an employee’s job has five levels, each one 7% greater than the one below it. Due to yield on the entire amount equal to 9.4%?
circumstances, the salary of the employee must be reduced from the top (fifth) level to the second level, which A. $50,000 B. $60,000 C. $65,000 D. $70,000
results in a reduction of $122.00 per month. What is the employee’s present salary per month?
A. $624.12 B. $644.12 C. $664.12 D. $684.12 18. A stereo is on sale for 15% off. The sale price is $425. What was the original price?
A. $470 B. $480 C. $490 D. $500
2. At approximately what time between the hours of 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm would the angle between the hour hand
and the minute hand of a continuously driven clock be exactly 180o? 19. Find the 6th term in the expansion of (x + y)9
A. 1:32.18 pm B. 1:34.18 pm C. 1:36.18 pm D. 1:38.18 pm A. 126 x4 y5 B. 136 x4 y5 C. 146 x4 y5 D. 156 x4 y5
3. At what time after 12:00 noon will the hour hand and minute hand of the clock first form and angle of 120o? 20. Find the middle term of (3x + 2y ) .
7 3 8
A. 12:18.818 B. 12:21.818 C. 12:22.818 D. 12:24.818 A. 90,420 x28y12 B. 90,520 x28y12 C. 90,620 x28y12 D. 90,720 x28y12
4. In a right triangle one of the sides is five units longer than the other. The length of the hypotenuse is 50. Find
5x - 2
the length of shorter side. 21. Find the partial fraction of .
A. 30.23 B. 32.77 C. 36.03 D. 38.20 x2 - 4
A. 3/(x-2) + 2/(x+2) B. 5/(x-2) + 3/(x+2) C. 2/(x-2) + 8/(x+2) D. 2/(x-2) + 3/(x+2)
5. The cost of renting a car is $35 per day plus 16 ¢ per mile. How many miles can you driven in one day for a total
cost of $91?
A. 340 mi B. 350 mi C. 360 mi D. 370 mi 22. A collection of 36 coins consists of nickels, dimes and quarters. There are three fewer quarters than nickels and
six more dimes than quarters. How many are quarters?
6. Lucy invests $1320 more at 9% than she invests at 12%. The interest from the two investments is the same. A. 12 B. 15 C. 9 D. 6
How much did she invest at 12%?
A. P3930 B. P3940 C. P3950 D. P3960 23. A florist wishes to make bouquets of mixed spring flowers. Each bouquet is the be made up ofchrysanthemum
(mums) at Php30 a bunch and roses at Php21 a bunch. How many bunches of mum’s should she use to make
7. The perimeter of a small rectangular industrial lot is 140 m, and its diagonal is 50 m. Find the area of the land. 15 bunches which she can sell for Php24 a bunch?
A. 1100 m2 B. 1200 m2 C. 1300 m2 D. 1400 m2 A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

8. The length of a rectangle is 5 cm longer than the width. The area of the rectangle is 66 cm2. Find the width. 24. A man invested Php 50,000. Part of it he put in an oil stock from which he hoped to receive 20 percent return per
A. 4 cm B. 5 cm C. 6 cm D. 7 cm year. The rest he invested in a bank stock which was paying 6 percent per year. If he received Php 400 more the
first year from the bank stock than from the oil stock, how much did he invest in the oil stock?
9. Stephen wants to put a frame of uniform width around his 4 by 6 ft painting. He wants the area of frame to equal A. Php 12,000 B. Php 13,000 C. Php 10,000 D. Php 11,000
the area of painting. How wide should he make the frame?
A. 1 ft B. 2 ft C. 3 ft D. 4 ft 25. A bookstore contracted to purchase a best-selling book at P250.00/copy. At what price should the bookstore
retail this book so that, despite a 15% discount, the profit on each copy will be 30%?
10. Dorothy invested her income tax refund in two separate accounts. She invested part of it at 7% and triple that A. 375.66 B. 413.22 C. 500 D. 454.55
amount at 11%. The total first year interest from the two investments was $120. How much did she invest at
7%? 26. Mr. Sy wished to invest a sum of money so that the interest each year would pay his son’s college expenses. If
A. $100 B. $200 C. $300 D. $400 the money was invested at 8 percent and the college expenses were $10,000 per year, how much should Mr. Sy
invest?
11. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x = 14 when y = 7 and z = 2, find the value of x when y = 16 and A. 145,000 B. 114,000 C. 130,000 D. 125,000
z = 4.
A. 14 B. 4 C. 16 D. 8 27. If equal spheres are piled in the form of a complete pyramid with a rectangular base, find the total number of
spheres in the pile if there are 5 and 4 spheres in the long and short side of the base, respectively.
12. The force required to stretch a spring is directly proportional to its length. The force of 40 KN is needed to stretch A. 36 B. 39 C. 40 D. 42
a spring of 5 mm. If a force of 160 KN is applied, find the length stretched?
A. 20 mm B. 30 mm C. 40 mm D. 50 mm 28. A picture 9 cm by 12 cm is framed in wood. What uniform width of the frame if it has an area of 162 cm2?
A. 1 cm B. 2 cm C. 3 cm` D. 4 cm
13. In the expansion of (x – 2y)7 find the y3-term, that is, the term involving y3.
A. -260x4y3 B. -480x4y3 C. -180x4y3 D. -280x4y3 29. The acceleration of an object varies directly as the force acting on it. If a force of 80 N causes an acceleration of
7.5 m/s2, what force will cause an acceleration of 9.0 m/s2?
A. 90 kg B. 94 kg C. 92 kg D. 96 kg

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30. If y varies directly as x, and y = 15 when x = 10, find y when x = 14. ANSWER KEY:
A. 20 B. 21 C. 22 D. 23
1. C 10. C 19. A 28. C 37. C
31. Suppose w varies jointly as x and y and inversely as z, and w = 4 when x = 4, y = 5 and z = 6. Find w when x = 2. D 11. C 20. D 29. D 38. C
3, y = 10, and z = 3.
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
3. B 12. A 21. D 30. B 39. B
4. B 13. D 22. C 31. B 40. A
32. What time after 5 o'clock will the hands of the clock be perpendicular for the second time? 5. B 14. D 23. D 32. D 41. B
A. 5:35.36 B. 5:36.36 C. 5:39.39 D. 5:43.64 6. D 15. D 24. C 33. C 42. C
7. B 16. A 25. D 34. B
33. What is the numerical coefficient of the term containing x3y2 in the expansion of (x + 2y)5? 8. C 17. B 26. D 35. B
A. 10 B. 20 C. 40 D. 80 9. A 18. D 27. C 36. A
34. In the expansion of (2x + 3y)6 find the x5 term.
A. 456x5y B. 576 x5y C. 521x5y D. 234x5y

35. The tenth term of (x + 1) is 167,960 x . Write the 12th term.

20 11

A. 157,960x9 B. 167,960x9 C. 177,960x9 D. 187,960x9

36. Solve for C in the equation

- 3x 2 + x - 5 A Bx + C
= +
( x + 1)(x 2 + 2) ( x + 1) ( x 2 + 2)
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4

3x
37. Find the partial fraction of
( x 3 - 1)
1 -x + 1 1 -x + 1
A. + B. +
x - 1 x2 - x + 1 x + 1 x2 + x + 1
1 -x + 1 1 x -1
C. + D. +
x - 1 x2 + x + 1 x - 1 x2 + x + 1

38. If the salesperson makes a commission of $756 on sales of $5400. At the same rate, what commission would
she make on sales of $6500?
A. $900 B. $920 C. $910 D. $930

39. A public-opinion survey indicates that of a sample of 600 voters, 396 favored a school-bond measure. If there
are 18,000 voters in the city, about how many are likely to vote for the bond?
A. 10,880 B. 11,880 C. 12,880 D. 13,880

40. The speed of an object falling from rest is directly proportional to the time it has fallen. After an object has fallen
for 2.5 seconds, its speed is 24.5 m/s. What is its speed after it has fallen for 4 seconds?
A. 39.20 m/s B. 41.20 m/s C. 43.20 m/s D. 45.20 m/s

41. What time between 3 and 4 o'clock will the hands of the clock be together?
A. 3:14.36 B. 3:16.36 C. 3:18.36 D. 3:20.36

42. What time between 9 and 10 o'clock will the hands of the clock be directly opposite to each other?
A. 9:13.53 B. 9:11.51 C. 9:16.36 D. 9:18.56

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
C. Probability in independent events: One event will not be affected in the probability of another event.
Joint probability = product of probability of each event
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th

Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 D. Probability in dependent event: One event affects the probability of the other event.
Joint probability = product of probability of each event

MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA) – DAY 4

I. COMBINATIONS PROBLEMS:
A combination is an arrangement of objects or things by taking r of n things without considering the definite order 1. What is the probability of picking an orange ball and a white ball out of a bag containing seven orange balls,
of arrangement. eight green balls, and two white balls?
A. 0.071 B. 0.10 C. 0.36 D. 0.53
C = number of combination with “n” things taken “r” at a time. n!
C =
r ! (n - r ) ! 2. What is the probability that either two heads or three heads will be thrown if six fair coins are tossed at once?
A. 0.35 B. 0.55 C. 0.59 D. 0.63
Example:
How many combinations can be taken out of the letters A,B & C taken 3 at a time. 3. Three standard 52-card decks are used in a probability experiment. One card is drawn from each deck. What is
No. of combination: ABC = 1 way the probability that a diamond is drawn from the first deck, an ace from the second, and the ace of hearts from
the third?
Using formula: ( n = 3; r = 3) A. 0.000062 B. 0.00015 C. 0.00037 D. 0.0062

n! 3! 4. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the two die is 9.
C= = = 1 way
r! (n - r )! (3 - 3) ! 3 !

III. LAWS OF PROBABILITY

PROBLEMS
A. General Character of Probability
1. How many different committees of 6 can be formed from 12 boys and 8 girls if each If event A is certain to occur, then the probability P(A) is equal to 1. If event A is certain not to occur,
committee is consisting of 4 boys and 2 girls? (April 2007) then the probability P(A) is zero.
A. 2970 B. 13860 C. 15820 D. 27720 Complementary probability, P(E) = 1 – P(not E)

2. If three coins are tossed, how many possible ways are there of B. Law of Total Probability
A. exactly 2 heads? The probability that either event A or B, or both, will occur.
A. at least one coin showing tails? P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A) x P(B)
B. at most 2 coins showing heads? Where P(A) x P(B) = the probability that both events A and B will occur

3. How many ways can you invite one or more of five friends to a party? Mathematical expectations = Probability x Price

4. How many different committees can be formed by choosing 4 men from an organization that has a membership of
15 men?
IV. BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
The binomial probability function is used when all outcomes can be categorized as either success or failures.
II. PROBABILITY Let p = probability of success, and q = probability of failure
q=1–p
A probability is a numerical representation of the likeliness that a certain event will occur.
P(r) = probability of r success in n independent successive trials.
No. of occurences of certain event P(r) = nCr pr qn-r
Pr obability =
Total no. of occurences
PROBLEMS
Types of Events: 1. A bag contains 100 balls numbered 1 to 100. One ball is drawn from the bag. What is the probability that the
number on the ball selected will be odd or greater than 80?
A. Single event: Event that occurs only once. A. 0.10 B. 0.50 C. 0.60 D. 0.70

B. Mutually Exclusive events: Events that do not occur simultaneously 2. A marksman can hit a bull’s-eye from 100 m with three out of every four shots. What is the probability that he will
Joint probability = sum of the probability of each event hit a bull’s-eye with at least one of the next three shots?
A. ¾ B. 15/16 C. 31/32 D. 63/64

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 3. Two students are working independently on a problem. Their respective probabilities of solving the problem are VI. MEASURES OF DISPERSION
1/3 and ¾. What is the probability that at least one of them will solve the problem?
A. ½ B. 5/8 C. 2/3 D. 5/6
For the given numbers x1, x2, x3,……, xn
4. A cat has a litter of seven kittens. If the probability is 0.52 that a kitten will be female, what is the probability that
exactly two of the seven will be male?
A. 0.07 B. 0.18 C. 0.23 D. 0.29 A. Standard Deviation, SD
For the given numbers x1, x2, x3,……, xn
5. In a dice game, one fair die is used. The player wins P10.00 if he rolls either a 1 or 6. He losses P5.00 if he
turns up any other face. What is the expected winning for one roll of the die? ( x - x 1 ) 2 + ( x - x 2 ) 2 + ( x - x 3 ) 2 + .. + ( x - x n ) 2
A. P0.00 B. P2.00 C. P10.00 D. P5.00 SD =
n
6. Box A has 4 white balls, 3 blue balls, and 3 orange balls. Box B has 2 white balls, 4 blue balls, and 4 orange
balls. If one ball is drawn from each box, what is the probability that one of the two balls will be orange?
B. Standard Deviation of sample:
7. A product’s cost distribution is given as a function of the probability. What is the expected cost?
( x - x1)2 + ( x - x 2 )2 + ( x - x3 )2 + .. + ( x - xn )2
Cost Probability SD of Sample =
n -1
1 0.07
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ..... + x n
2 0.23 where: x = average value = n = number of terms
n
3 0.46
C. Variance = (Standard deviation of sample)2
4 0.17

5 0.04 PROBLEMS

6 0.03 1. 100 random samples were taken from a large population. A particular numerical characteristic of sampled items
was measured. The results of the measurements were as follows.
45 measurements were between 0.859 and 0.900
0.901 was observed once
8. A class reunion, a television set is to be given as a door prize to the person whose ticket stub is drawn at random
0.902 was observed three times
from a bowl. A total of 90 tickets, numbered 1-190, are sold. Find the probability that the winning number is
0.903 was observed twice
between 79 and 179
0.904 was observed four times
45 measurements were between 0.905 and 0.958
9. A bridge hand consists of 13 cards drawn at random from a 52-card bridge deck. Find the probability getting a
The smallest value was 0.859, and the largest value was 0.958. The sum of all 100 measurement was 91.170. except
hand contains no Aces.
those noted, no measurements occurred more than twice.
A. What is the mean of the measurements?
10. A bridge hand consists of 13 cards drawn at random from a 52-card bridge deck. Find the probability getting a
B. What is the median of the measurements?
hand contains all red cards.
C. What is the mode of the measurement?

V. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY 2. For the given numbers 4, 6, 8. Find:

1. Standard deviation
1. Mode – is observed value that occurs most frequently. 2. Standard deviation of sample.
3. Variance
2. Median – is the point in the distribution that partitions the total set of observations into two parts containing
equal number of observations.
VENN DIAGRAM
3. Arithmetic mean – is the arithmetic average of the observations.
1. In a survey of 10 smokers, it was disclosed that 7 smokes M, 5 smoke H, 3 smoke W, it was further disclosed
2 2 2 2 that 3 smoke M & H, 2 M & W, 2 H & W, 1 M, H, W.
x1 + x 2 + x 3 + ...... xn A. How many smoke M only?
4. RMS value =
n B. Smoke W only
C. How many do not smoke M, H & W?
Example: For given numbers 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 8, 7, 7, 9 D. M or H nor W
Find the following: E. M and H nor W
A. Mode
B. Median 2. A survey of 100 persons revealed that 72 of them had eaten at restaurant P and that 52 of them had eaten at
C. Mean restaurant Q. Which of the following could not be the number of persons in the surveyed group who had eaten at
D. RMS value both P and Q.
A. 20 B. 24 C. 34 D. 36

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
12. How many different sequences of 10 signal flags can be constructed from 4 red flags and 6 blue flags?
A. 200 B. 210 C. 220 D. 230
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 13. Two cards are drawn from an ordinary deck of 52. What is the probability of getting a spade and a diamond?
A. 0.127 B. 0.227 C. 0.337 D. 0.557
MATHEMATICS – ALGEBRA
14. Determine the sum of odd numbers from 1 to 681 of the following integers.
A. 198,093 B. 189,041 C. 116,281 D. 418,419
PROBLEM SET # 4
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. 15. In how many ways an organization with 10 directors choose a President, a Vice President, a Secretary, a
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Treasurer and an Auditor, if no member can hold more than one position?
A. 30,240 B. 32,945 C. 34,092 D. 36,384
1. One fair die is used in a dice game. The player wins $25 if he rolls either a 1 or a 6. He loses $5 if he turns up
any other face. What is the expected winning for one roll of the die? 16. A PSME has 20ME’s, 12PME’s and 8 CPM. If a committee of 3 members, one of each from each group is to be
A. $1.00 B. $3.00 C. $5.00 D. $7.00 formed, how many such committees can be formed?
A. 1620 B. 1720 C. 1820 D. 1920
2. An urn contains four black balls and eight white balls. What is the probability of getting one black ball and one
white ball in two consecutive draws from the urn without replacement? 17. An urn contains 10 black balls and 15 white balls. What is the probability of getting 1 black and 1 white ball in
A. 0.285 B. 0.485 C. 0.685 D. 0.885 two consecutive draws from the urn?
A. 0.5 B. 1.0 C. 1.50 D. 2.0
3. A marksman can hit a bull’s-eye from 100 m with three out of every four shots. What is the probability that he will
hit a bull’s-eye with at least one of the next four shots? 18. An organization held a lottery to raise funds for their organization, with P100,000 top prize and with 5,000 tickets
A. 215/256 B. 235/256 C. 255/256 D. 275/256 printed and sold. What is the mathematical expectation of a member if he bought 30 tickets?
A. P200 B. P300 C. P500 D. P600
4. What is the probability that either three heads or four heads will be thrown if six fair coins are tossed at once?
A. 0.147 B. 0.347 C. 0.547 D. 0.747 19. In a dice game, one fair die is used. The player wins P24.00 if he rolls either a 1 or 6. He losses P6.00 if he
turns up any other face. What is the expected winning for one roll of die?
5. What are the mean and sample standard deviation of the following numbers? A. P2.00 B. P3.00 C. P4.00 D. P5.00
71.3 74.0 74.25 78.54 79.4
A. 75.5, 3.39 B. 77.5, 4.39 C. 79.5, 5.39 D. 73.5, 6.39 20. The probability that both stages of a two-stage rocket will function correctly is 0.95. The reliability of the first
stage is 0.98. What is the reliability of the second stage?
6. Five fair coins are tossed at once. What is the probability of obtaining three heads and two tail? A. 0.95 B. 0.96 C. 0.97 D. 0.98
A. 0.1125 B. 0.3125 C. 0.5125 D. 0.7125
21. How many permutations can be made from the word ALCORCON?
7. What is the sample variance of the following numbers? 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 A. 10,080 B. 11,080 C. 12,080 D. 13,080
A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26
22. In a class of 40 students, 27 like Calculus and 25 like Chemistry. How many like both Calculus and Chemistry?
8. What is the probability of picking an orange ball and a white ball out of a bag containing seven orange balls, eight A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13
green balls, and four white balls?
A. 0.16374 B. 0.36374 C. 0.56374 D. 0.76374 23. A fair coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting either 3 heads or 3 tail?
A. 1/8 B. 3/8 C. ¼ D. ½
9. A bag contains 100 balls numbered 1 to 100. One ball is drawn from the bag. What is the probability that the
number on the ball selected will be odd or greater than 90? 24. On a bookshelf there are 10 different Algebra books, 6 different Geometry books and 4 different Calculus books.
A. 0.15 B. 0.35 C. 0.55 D . 0.75 In how many ways can you choose 3 books, one of each kind?
A. 240 B. 260 C. 280 D. 300
10. 100 random samples were taken from a large population. A particular numerical characteristic of sampled items
was measured. The results of the measurements were as follows. 25. In how many ways can two numbers whose sum is even be chosen from the numbers 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, and 11?
45 measurements were between 0.759 and 0.800 A. 8 B. 10 C. 7 D. 9
0.801 was observed twice
0.802 was observed twice 26. A basketball coach has a total of 10 players. In how many ways can be field a team of 5 players if the captain
0.803 was observed four times ball is always included?
0.804 was observed twice A. 42 B. 70 C. 126 D. 25
45 measurements were between 0.805 and 0.858
The smallest value was 0.759, and the largest value was 0.858. The sum of all 100 measurement was 81.170. 27. An association has 15 officials. How many 4-member committees can be formed from these officials?
except those noted, no measurements occurred more than twice. What is the mean of the measurements? A. 1,365 B. 1,966 C. 1,638 D. 1,138
A. 0.412 B. 0.612 C. 0.812 D. 1.012
28. Determine the number of permutations of 8 distinct objects, taken 3 at a time.
11. What is the sample variance of the following data? A. 504 B. 210 C. 120 D. 336
0.50, 0.80, 0.75, 0.52, 0.60, 0.83
A. 0.021 B. 0.121 C. 0.221 D. 0.321 29. A student is to answer 8 out of 10 questions on an exam. Find the number of choices.
A. 45 B. 50 C. 40 D. 60

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30. Find the number of ways in which 6 teachers can be assigned to 4 sections of an introductory psychology ANSWER KEY:
courses if no teacher is assigned to more than one section.
A. 60 B. 240 C. 120 D. 360 1. C 10. C 19. C 28. D 37. B
2. B 11. A 20. C 29. A 38. A
31. American was tested by their blood samples A, B, AB and O. The proportion of the blood type samples of the
Caucasians are 0.41, 0.1, 0.04 and 0.45 respectively. Find the probability that the Caucasian that he or she is
3. C 12. B 21. A 30. D 39. D
either A or AB. 4. C 13. A 22. C 31. D 40. C
A. 0.43 B. 0.51 C. 0.55 D. 0.45 5. A 14. C 23. C 32. B 41. B
6. B 15. A 24. A 33. B 42. B
32. Find the probability of getting a spade and a face card (Jack, Queen, King) in an ordinary deck of 52 cards. 7. C 16. D 25. D 34. B 43. D
A. 3/39 B. 3/52 C. 1/52 D. 1/49 8. A 17. A 26. C 35. B 44. C
9. C 18. D 27. A 36. A
33. Given a well-balanced coin, what is the probability of getting a head or a tail in the long run?
A. 70:50 B. 50:50 C. 40:60 D. 30:50

34. With a throw of 3 dice, what is the probability of getting a 9 or an 11?

A. 50/216 B. 54/216 C. 56/216 D. 52/216

35. If a card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards of 4 suits. What is the probability that it will be a Jack, Queen or a
King.
A. 4/52 B. 12/52 C. 8/52 D. 16/52

36. A drawer contains 10 white and 6 black balls, what is the probability of randomly drawing two black balls?
A. 0.125 B. 0.250 C. 0.117 D. 0.500

37. A box contains 8 red, 3 white, and 9 blue balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random, determine the probability that all 3
are red.
A. 12/285 B. 14/285 C. 16/285 D. 18/285

38. Determine the probability p of the event one or more heads appear in the toss of three fair coins.
A. 7/8 B. 8/9 C. 5/6 D. 2/3

39. Box A contains 5 red marble and 3 blue marbles, and Box B contains 2 red and 3 blue. A marble drawn at
random from each box. Find the probability that one is red and one is blue.
A. 3/8 B. 5/8 C. 3/20 D. 21/40

40. The probability that Ed hits a targets is ¼. He fires 6 times. Find the probability that he hits thetarget at least
once.
A. 0.780 B. 0.740 C. 0.820 D. 0.800

41. A family has six children. Find the probability that there are three boys and three girls. Assume that the
probability of any particular child being a boy is ½.
A. 1/8 B. 5/16 C. 3/8 D. ¼

42. The probability that A hits a target is 1/3 and the probability that B hits the target is 1/5. They both fire at the
target. Find the probability that A does not hit the target.
A. 8/5 B. 2/3 C. 1/3 D. 1/15

43. One prominent physician claims that 70% of those lungs cancer are chain smokers. If his assessment is correct.
Find the probability that of 10 patients recently admitted to a hospital, fewer than half assessment are smokers.
A. 0.0382 B. 0.0344 C. 0.0438 D. 0.0474

44. Given n = 5 with measurements 2, 1, 1, 3, 5. What is the sample variance?

A. 1.496 B. 2.24 C. 2.8 D. 2.4

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER III. HARMONIC PROGRESSION
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th
A harmonic progression is a series of numbers whose reciprocals form an arithmetic progression.
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
Example: Given in Harmonic Progression ¼, 1/7, 1/10, 1/13 …………
MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY) – DAY 5 The equivalent Arithmetic Progression is 4, 7, 10, 13, …….

Note: Use the formula of arithmetic progression in getting the nth term and take the reciprocal to obtain the
equivalent Harmonic Progression.
I. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
An arithmetic progression is a series of numbers having a common difference.
PROBLEMS
Example 1: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Therefore from the above given: a = 2, L = 10, d = 4 – 2 = 2, n = 5 1. What is the sum of the following finite sequence of terms? 18, 25, 32, 39, …., 67

Example 2: 20, 18, 16, 14, 12 2. What is the sum of the following finite sequence of terms? 32, 80, 200,….., 19531.25
Therefore from the above given: a = 20, L = 12, d = 18 – 20 = -2, n = 5
3. The second and sixth terms of a geometric progression are 3/10 and 243/160, respectively. What is the first term
of this sequence?
Formulas:
4. A rubber ball was dropped from a height of 36 m, and each time it strikes the ground it rebounds to a height of
2/3 of the distance from which it fell. Find the total distance traveled by the ball before it comes to rest.
A. = + ( − 1) B. = [2 + ( − 1) ] = ( + )
5. Find the 10th term of the harmonic progression 6/5, 4/3, 3/2, …….
Where: L = last term a = first term n = number of terms S = sum of all terms
d = common difference = a2 – a1 6. The given sequence = 5 � is
A. Arithmetic
Note: d is positive if increasing series of numbers B. Geometric
d is negative if decreasing series of numbers C. Harmonic
D. Neither A nor B
C. Arithmetic mean – is the number or quantity between two terms of an arithmetic series.
The arithmetic mean of a & b is a + b .
2

II. GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION TRIGONOMETRY

A geometric progression is a series of numbers having a common ratio.

Example: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 I. CLASSIFICATION OF ANGLES

Therefore from the above given: a = 2, L = 256, r = 4/2 =2, n = 8
Acute Angle – angle less than 90 degrees.
Obtuse Angle – angle more than 90o but less than 180o.
Formulas: Reflex Angle – angle more than 180o but less than 360o.
Complementary Angle – angles whose sum is 90o.
B. S = a(1 - r ) = a - rL
n
A. L = arn-1 Supplementary Angle – angle whose sum is 180o.
1- r 1- r

Where: L = last term a = first term S = geometric sum of all terms

n = number of terms r = common ratio = a2/a1
II. MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES:
C. Geometric Mean – is the number or quantity between two terms of a geometric series.
1 degree = 60 min
The geometric mean of a & b is ab 1 min. = 60 sec
90 deg = 100 grad
p rad = 180 deg
Sum of Infinite Geometric Series: 1 rev = 2p rad = 360 deg = 2π rad = 400 grad = 6400 mills

If n approaches infinity. S= a Provided r ≠ 1

1- r

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 RIGHT TRIANGLE VI. EXPONENTIAL GROWTH AND DECAY

Six Trigonometric Functions: Exponential growth and decay are models that usually take the form of:

� =
sin = csc = where:
�
x = amount at any period xo = original amount
k = constant t = time
cos = sec =
At half-life: =
�
tan = cot =
�
PROBLEMS
� � �
Pythagorean Theorem: = +
1. If sinα = x, what is secα?
where: a = opposite b = adjacent c = hypotenuse
2. Which is true regarding the signs of the natural functions for angles between 90o and 180o?
Perimeter = a + b + c A. The tangent is positive C. The cosine is negative
B. The cotangent is positive D. The sine is negative
III. ANGLE OF ELEVATION
3. The vertical angle to the top of a flagpole from point A on the ground is observed to be 37o11’. The observer
walks 17 m directly away from point A and the flagpole to point B and finds the new angle to be 25o43’. What is
Angle of elevation is the angle above the horizontal plane of the
the approximate height of the flagpole?
observer.
= Angle of Elevation
4. Solve for x: log2 x + log(x – 2) = 3

5. If the log10 of 4 is 0.703x, what is the log10 of ¼?

A. -1.703x B. -0.703x C. 0.297x D. 0.703x

6. A certain radioactive substance has a half-life of 38 hours. How long does it take for 90% of the radioactivity to be
dissipated?

7. Experimental data show that a body’s temperature declines exponentially in time according to the expression T(t)
IV. ANGLE OF DEPRESSION = 50e-0.04t (where 50 is a constant expressed in oC, 0.04 is the cooling rate in min-1, and t is the cooling time
expressed in minutes). How long would it take the body to reach 25oC?
Angle of depression is the angle below the horizontal plane of the
observer.

х = Angle of Depression

OBLIQUE TRIANGLE

VII. SINE LAW

V. LOGARITHMS Relates the sine of the angle.
a b c a sin A c sin C c sin C A + B + C = 180O
A logarithm is a power to which a number (the base) must be raised in order to get some other number. = = = = =
sin A sin B sin C b sin B b sin B a sin A
PROPERTIES AND IDENTITIES OF LOGARITHMS
Area of Triangle:
1. log =1 9. = , ℎ = 1 1 1
5. log √ =
�
A = a b sin C A = b c sin A A = c a sin B
2 2 2
2. log 1 = 0 10. = , ℎ =
6. log = log − log
VIII. COSINE LAW
3. log = 11. = ln , ℎ =
7. log( ) = log + log Relates the cosine of the angle.
4. log = , ℎ = 12. =
�
8. log = log c 2 = a 2 + b 2 - 2ab cos C b2 = c 2 + a2 - 2ac cos B a 2 = b2 + c 2 - 2bc cos A

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 Note: PROBLEMS
1. In solving angles in a triangle given 3 sides, do not apply Sine Law, instead Cosine Law 1. The expression cscθ cos3θ tanθ is equivalent to which of the following expressions?
since the sine function cannot give an angle of more than 90 degrees.
A. sinθ B. cosθ C. 1 – sin2θ D. 1 + sin2θ
2. The maximum angle of triangle will be at the opposite of longest side. 2. What is the value of θ (less than 2π) that will satisfy the following equation? sin2θ + 4sin θ + 3 = 0
A. π/4 B. π/2 C. π D. 3π/2
3. The minimum angle of triangle will be at the opposite of the shortest side.
3. Given triangle with angle C = 28.7o, side a = 132 units and b = 224 units. Solve for angle B.
IX. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 4. Two ships leave a dock at the same time. One sails northeast at the rate of 8.5 mph, the other sails north at the
rate of 10 mph. How many miles apart are they at the end of 2 hours?

9. sin = cos(90° − ) 5. An 8-foot pole and an 18 foot pole are braced by two guy wires, each extending from the bottom of one pole to the
1. sin = 5. cot =
top of the other. How far apart are the poles if the guy wires intersect at right angles?

2. cos = 6. sin + cos =1 10. cos = sin(90° − )

3. tan = 7. tan + 1 = sec 11. tan = cot(90° − )

4. tan = 8. cot + 1 = csc 12. cot = tan(90° − )

Addition and Subtraction Formulas:

Sin (x ± y) = sin x cos y ± sin y cos x

Cos (x ± y) = cos x cos y ± sin x sin y

Tan (x ± y) = tan x ± tan y

1 � tan x tan y

Double Angle Formulas:

sin 2x = 2 sin x cosx

cos 2x = cos2x – sin2x = 2cos2x – 1 = 1 – 2sin2x

tan 2x = 2 tan x
1 - tan 2 x

X. BEARING AND DIRECTIONS

Northwest - 45o between N and W

Northeast - 45o between N and E
Southwest - 45o between S and W
Southeast - 45o between S and E

Example: Find the bearing of the following forces acting as shown.

F1 = N 40o E or 40o E of N F2 = N 60o W or 60o W of N

F3 = S 30o W or 30o W of S F4 = S 50o E or 50o E of S

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
15. In a pile of logs, each layer contains one more log than the layer above and the top contains just three logs. If
there are 75 logs in the file, how many layers are there?
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
Manila Branch: 3 rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto Corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
16. The geometric mean of 81 and 144 is:
M A T H E M A T I C S – TRIGONOMETRY A. 104 B. 106 C. 108 D. 110

17. Find the arithmetic mean between 11 and 3.

PROBLEM SET # 5 A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: 18. A ladder is to be constructed with 12 rungs (steps) that uniformly decrease in length. The bottom rung will be 31
inches long and the top rung will have length 20 inches. Find the board required for the 12 rungs.
1. The second and sixth terms of a geometric progression are 3/10 and 243/160, respectively. What is the third A. 306 in B. 209 in C. 109 in D. 380 in
term of this sequence?
A. 3/20 B. 5/20 C. 7/20 D. 9/20 19. A geometric progression of 6 terms has last term 128 and common ratio 2. Find the first term.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. What is the sum of the following finite sequence of terms? 18, 25, 32, 39, …., 81
A. 435 B. 455 C. 475 D. 495 20. If 3rd term is 12 and 6th term is 96 are terms of a geometric progression, find the 20th term.
A. 2,572,864 B. 3,572,864 C. 1,572,864 D. 4,572,864
3. What is the natural logarithm of e- ? xy

A. -xy B. -2xy C. -3xy D. -4xy 21. When dropped, a certain ball bounces back to 5/7 of its preceding height. If the ball is dropped from a window
24 feet above the ground, how far will the ball travel in its 6th bounce?
4. What is the value of (0.001)3/4? A. 6.37 ft B. 7.93 ft C. 3.16 ft D. 10.23 ft
A. antilog (1/4 log0.1) C. antilog (3/4 log0.001)
B. antilog (2/4 log0.01) D. antilog (5/4 log0.0001) 22. What is the sum of the progression 4, 9, 14, 19….. up to the 20th term?
A. 1030 B. 1035 C. 1040 D. 1045
5. Which is true regarding the signs of the natural functions for angles between 180 and 270 ?
o o

A. The tangent is negative C. The cosine is positive 23. Find the 6 term of the sequence 55, 40, 28, 19, 13, ….
th

B. The cotangent is negative D. The sine is negative A. 10 B. 9 C. 8 D. 11

6. What is an equivalent expression for 3sin2x? 24. Find the twenty-first term of the arithmetic sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ….
A. 6secxcscx B. 4/sinxcscx C. 5/secxcosx D. 6/secxcscx A. 56 B. 58 C. 60 D. 62

7. If cosα = x, what is cscα? 25. In a certain arithmetic sequence, the 20th term is 32 and difference is 3. Find the first term.
1 1 1 A. -20 B. -25 C. -30 D. -35
A. 1 - x2 B. C. x D. x2
1 - x2 1 - x2 1 - x2 26. In a geometric sequence, the 8th term is 729/512 and r = 3/2. Find the first term.
A. 0.0234 B. 0.045 C. 0.067 D. 0.083
8. For some angle θ, cscθ = -8/5. What is tan2θ?
A. -1.46 B. -2.46 C. -3.46 D. -4.46 27. Find the sum of consecutive numbers from 21 to 1000.
A. 500,290 B. 300,456 C. 937,486 D. 673,456
9. The expression cscθ cos2θ tanθ is equivalent to which of the following expressions?
A. cosθ B. sinθ C. tanθ D. cscθ 28. Find the sum of even numbers from 6 to 186.
A. 8736 B. 6503 C. 1074 D. 3004
10. In the following illustration, angles 2 and 5 are 90o, AD = 15, DC = 18, and AC = 25. What are the lengths BC
and BD, respectively? (Refer to Figure 2) 29. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series with first term of 8 and ratio of 0.2.
A. 10.69, 14.48 B. 12.45, 15.89 C. 14.69, 17.89 D. 14.45, 19.89 A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20
11. The vertical angle to the top of a flagpole from point A on the ground is observed to be 37o11’. The observer 30. A truck loses power, and as it coasts it travels 20 feet in the 1st second, and each succeeding second it travels
walks 25 m directly away from point A and the flagpole to point B and finds the new angle to be 25o43’. What is two-thirds as far as in the preceding second. How far does the truck travel until it completely stops?
the approximate height of the flagpole? A. 60 ft B. 70 ft C. 80 ft D. 90 ft
A. 31 m B. 33 m C. 35 m D. 37 m
31. Find the 30th term of harmonic progression 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, …….
12. Which of the following numbers is equal to log8 40? A. 1/50 B. 1/56 C. 1/6 D. 1/74
A. 0.774 B. 1.174 C. 1.774 D. 2.574
32. A rubber ball was dropped from a height of 25 m and each time it strikes the ground it rebounds to a height of
13. If the log10 of 4 is 0.865x, what is the log10 of ¼? 60% of the distance from which it fell. Find the total distance traveled by the ball before it comes to rest.
A. -0.265x B. -0.465x C. -0.665x D. -0.865x A. 100 B. 125 C. 75 D. 50
14. What is the sum of the following finite sequence of terms? 18, 25, 32, 39, ....., 67 33. The 15th term of the harmonic 1/6, 1/10, 1/14, 1/18 ……. is:
A. 234 B. 213 C. 181 D. 340 A. 1/12 B. 10/3 C. 1/62 D. 1/86

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34. What is the exact value of the secant of acute angle A given that sin A = 3/7.? 50. Sin (B – A) is equal to ____, when B = 270 degrees and A is an acute angle.
A. secA = 8 B. secA = 7 10 C. secA = 7 D. secA = 3 A. –cos A B. cos A C. –sin A D. sin A
2 7 20 7 2 7

35. What is the angle whose tangent is 2 and whose sine is negative?
A. 187.34o B. 243.43o C. 394.34o D. 408.34o
ANSWER KEY:
36. A transit set up 150 feet from the base of a vertical chimney reads 30 with the cross hairs set on the top of the
o

chimney. With the telescope level, the vertical rod at the base of the chimney is 5.5 feet. How tall is the 1. D 11. B 21. A 31. C 41. D
chimney?
2. D 12. C 22. A 32. A 42. A
A. 66.3 ft B. 92.01 ft C. 76.5 ft D. 170.9 ft
3. B 13. D 23. A 33. C 43. A
37. The angle of elevation of the top of tower B from the top of tower A is 28o and the angle of elevation of the top of 4. C 14. D 24. D 34. B 44. D
tower A from the base of tower B is 46o. The two towers lie in the same horizontal plane. If the height of tower B 5. D 15. A 25. D 35. B 45. D
is 120 m, find the height of tower A. 6. D 16. D 26. D 36. B 46. A
A. 66.3 m B. 79.3 m C. 87.2 m D. 90.7 m 7. B 17. B 27. A 37. B 47. B
8. D 18. A 28. A 38. A 48. C
38. Find the perpendicular height of an equilateral triangle with sides of 8 in. 9. A 19. D 29. B 39. B 49. A
A. 6.94 in B. 10.34 in C. 12.04 in D. 16.34 in 10. A 20. C 30. A 40. A 50. A
39. A swimming pool is 3 ft deep in the shallow end. The bottom of the pool has a steady downward drop of 12o. If
the pool is 50 ft long, how deep is it at the deep end?
A. 10.63 ft B. 13.63 ft C. 15.63 ft D. 17.63 ft

40. A woman 5.5 ft tall stands 10 ft from a streetlight and casts a 4 ft long shadow. How tall is the streetlight?
A. 19.25 ft B. 21.25 ft C. 23.25 ft D. 25.25 ft

41. What is the characteristics and mantissa of the common logarithm of 9.28?
A. 1, 0.96755 B. 0, 0.56755 C. 0, 0.16755 D. 0, 0.96755

42. Use logarithm to solve for x. 38.5 = 6.5

x x-2

A. -2.10 B. -4.23 C. 4.23 D. 8.45

43. Simplify the following relation: secq - (secq)(sin2q).

A. cosθ B. sinθ C. 1 D. tanθ

44. Simplify the following relation 1 - sin x .

cos x
A. cos x B. sin x C. cos x D. cos x
1 - sin x 1 + sin x 1 + cos x 1 + sin x

45. Given C = 40°, a = 152 and b = 220. Find angle B.

A. 62.34o B. 76.34o C. 82.34o D. 96.67o

46. Two forces of 20 units and 25 units act on a body. If their directions make an angle of 50°. What is the
magnitude of the resultant force?
A. 40.84 units B. 50.84 units C. 60.84 units D. 70.84 units

47. What is the inverse natural function of the cosecant?

A. secant B. sine C. cosine D. tangent

48. What is the equivalent expression for cos 2x?

A. 1/2 sinx cosx B. 2sinxcos(1/2 x) C. 1 - 2 D. 1sinx/secx
csc2 x

49. A certain angle has a supplement 5 times its complement. What is the angle.
A. 67.5o B. 58.5o C. 30o D. 27o

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER PROBLEMS
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th
1. What is the value of each interior angle of a regular pentagon?
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 A. π/5 B. 2π/5 C. π/2 D. 3π/5

MATHEMATICS (GEOMETRY AND SOLID MENSURATION) – DAY 6 2. If the total number of diagonals of an N-gon is 77, then what is N?

3. What is the area of pentagon and circle if the pentagon circumscribed a circle whose sides is 2 inches?

I. POLYGON 4. A circle that has 20 cm diameter is circumscribe on a regular hexagon. Find the area of the hexagon.
– is a plane closed curve separated by broken lines.
5. Find the ratio of the areas of a nonagon and a hexagon if their perimeters are equal.

Number of Sides Side Description 6. A circle is inscribed in a quadrilateral with sides 12, 14, 16 and 18 inches. If the four sides of this quadrilateral are
3 sides Triangle tangent to the circle, calculate the diameter.
4 sides Quadrangle
5 sides Pentagon 7. Find the sum of interior angles of an icosagon in radians
6 sides Hexagon A. 18� B. 10� C. 12� D. 16�
7 sides Heptagon
8 sides Octagon 8. Find the exterior angle of a chiliagon in mills
9 sides Nonagon A. 2.3 mills
10 sides Decagon B. 4.3 mills
11 sides Undecagon C. 6.4 mills
12 sides Dodecagon D. 8.4 mills
13 sides Tridecagon
15 sides Quindecagon
1000 sides Chiliagon II. PLANE AREAS

FORMULAS: 1. Square: 2. Rectangle:

D = L2 + w 2
1. Sum of the interior angles = (n - 2)180°.= (n – 2) π A=x 2
A = Lw
D= 2 x
2. Interior angle (b) = (n - 2)180° , deg = (n - 2) p , rad P = 2L + 2 w
n n Perimeter = 4 x

3. Sum of exterior angle = 360o

4. Exterior angle =
360° 3. Triangle
n
A. Given triangle base and height B. Given three sides of triangle:
5. Number of diagonals = n (n - 3) 1 A = S (S - a) (S - b) (S - c)
2 A= b h
2
a+b+c
S=
6. Perimeter of polygon = n L 2

7. Area of polygon = n / 2 ( L x h)

8. q = 360
2 n

x C. Two adjacent sides and included angle D. Triangle inscribed a circle.

9. tan θ = sin θ = x/r cosθ = h/r
h
A = area of triangle a b c
AT =
Where: n = number of sides of polygon L = length of side of polygon 1 4r
A = a b sin q
P = perimeter of polygon 2 AC = p r 2
r = radius of circle

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E. Triangle circumscribing in circle. F. Right triangle 9. Ellipse:
a 2 2
A = pab Aspect ratio = P = 2 p a +b
AT = r S b 2
AC = p r 2 A = 1 / 2 bh

a+b+c 10. Parabolic Segment: 11. Quadrilaterals

S=
2

2 1
A= LD A= d1d2 sin q
3 2
G. Equilateral Triangle H. Isosceles triangle
3
h= x 1 2 1 2
2 A= x = x sin q
2 2
12. Area of Segment 1 2 1
1 2 3 2 AS = r q - r 2 sin q
A= x sin 60° = x
2 4 2 2

PROBLEMS
4. Circle 1. If the sides of a triangle are 6, 8 and 10 m, the area of an inscribed circle is______.
A. 12.75 sq. m B. 14.57 sq. m C. 75.54 sq. m D. 78.54 sq. m
p 2
A = pr2 = D C = pD = 2pr 2. A sector of circle has arc length 6 cm and area 75 cm2. What is the radius?
4
A. 50 cm B. 7.5 cm C. 25 cm D. 12.5 cm
5. Sector and Length of Arc:
3. A circle having an area of 452 sq. m is cut into two segments by a chord which is 6 m from the center. Compute
1 2 for the area of the bigger segment.
a. Area of sector, A = r q
2
c. Perimeter, P = 2r + rθ 4. All three sides of a triangle are initially 4 m in length. One of the triangle’s sides is oriented horizontally. The
b. Length of arc, S = rq triangle is scaled down in size without changing any of the angles. What is the new height of the triangle when
where: q = central angle, radians the area is exactly half of the original triangle’s area?
A. 1.2 m B. 1.5 m C. 1.7 m D. 2.5 m

5. Two 20 m diameter circles are placed so that the circumference of each just touches the center of the other.
What is the area common to each circle?
6. Parallelogram:
Given two diagonals d1 & d2 and an included
angle, q
dd
A = 1 2 sin q
2

1
7. Rhombus A= d1 d2
2

A. 61.4 m2 B. 105 m2 C. 123 m2 D. 166 m2

8. Trapezoid: æa+bö 6. A goat is tied to a corner of a 30 ft by 35 ft building. If the rope is 40 ft long and the goat can reach 1 ft farther
A=ç ÷h than the rope length, what is the maximum area the goat can cover?
è 2 ø A. 4840 ft B. 8004 ft C. 4804 ft D. 4084 ft

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III. VOLUMES PROBLEMS

1. Cube: 2. Rectangular Solid: 1. The volume of the right frustum of a right circular cone is 78 cu.cm. The upper base radius is 2 cm and the lower
base radius is 5 cm. Find the altitude in cm.
3 V = abc A. 1.91 B. 2.01 C. 2.11 D. 2.21
V=x
LSA = 4 x 2 LSA = 2 ac + 2 b c
2. A cubical container that measures 2 m on a side is tightly packed with eight balls and is filled with water. All
TSA = 2 a b + 2 b c + 2 c a eight balls are in contact with the walls of the container and the adjacent balls. All of the balls are the same size.
TSA = 6 x 2
D = a +b +c
2 2 2 What is the volume of water in the container?
D= 3x A. 0.38 m3 B. 2.5 m3 C. 3.8 m3 D.4.2 m3
Where: V = volume LSA = lateral surface area TSA = total surface area
3. A cylindrical tank 6 m long and 4 m in diameter is placed horizontally. The tank is less than half full and length of
water surface is 2 m. Find the following:
3. Sphere: 4. Cylinder: A. Depth of water in the tank
B. Volume of the water in the tank
p
4 V = p r2 h = D2 h 4. A pipe lining material of silicon carbide used in the conveyance of pulverized coal to fuel a boiler, has a thickness
V = p R3 4
of 2 cm and inside diameter of 10 cm. Find the volume of the material for pipe length of 6 cm.
3 LSA = 2 p r h
TSA = 4 p R2 5. If equal spheres are piled in the form of complete pyramid with an equilateral triangle as base, find the total
TSA = 2 p r 2 + 2 p r h
number of spheres in the pile if each side of the base contain 4 spheres.

6. The diameter of a sphere and the base of a cone are equal. What percentage of that diameter must the cones
height be so that both volumes are equal?
A. 50%
5. Cone: 6. Spherical Segment: B. 100%
1 C. 200%
V = p r2 h
3 D. 300%
p h2
LSA = p r r 2 + h2 V= (3 R - h)
3
TSA = p r 2 + p r r 2 + h2 Z = area of zone = 2 p R h

7. Pyramid: 8. Frustums:
A. Cone: B. Pyramid:

1
V= Ah
3
ph 2 1
V = (R + R r + r 2 ) V = h ( A1 + A1A 2 + A 2 )
3 3

9. Truncated Prism

General Formula: V = A (mean height)

A. Truncated Triangular Prism B. Truncated Cylinder Prism

æ h + h + h3 ö
V=Aç 1 2 ÷
è 3 ø æh +h ö
V = p r2 ç 1 2 ÷
è 2 ø

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
14. A square has a diagonal of 16 in. Find the length of its sides.
A. 11.31 in B. 15.66 in C. 12.123 in D. 19.230 in
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 15. The area of a triangle inscribed in a circle is 39.19 cm2 and the radius of the circumscribed circle is 7.14 cm. If
the two sides of the inscribed triangle are 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively, find the third side.
MATHEMATICS – GEOMETRY AND SOLID MENSURATION A. 11 cm B. 12 cm C. 13 cm D. 14 cm

16. A rhombus has diagonals of 32 and 20 inches. Determine its area.

PROBLEM SET # 6 A. 360 in2 B. 280 in2 C. 320 in2 D. 400 in2
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: 17. The area of a circle is 250 in2. What is the diameter of the circle?
A. 11.84 in B. 13.84 in C. 15.84 in D. 17.84 in
1. What is the value of each interior angle of a regular hexagon?
A. 2π/5 B. 2π/7 C. 2π/9 D. 2π/3 18. The area of a circle is 300 in . What is the circumference?
2

A. 51.40 in B. 61.40 in C. 71.40 in D. 81.40 in

2. A cubical container that measures 8 m on a side is tightly packed with eight balls and is filled with water. All
eight balls are in contact with the walls of the container and the adjacent balls. All of the balls are the same size. 19. Find the length of side of an equilateral triangle whose area is equal to 400 in . 2

What is the volume of water in the container? A. 24.30 in B. 26.36 in C. 28.38 in D. 30.39 in
A. 213.92 m3 B. 223.92 m3 C. 233.92 m3 D. 243.92 m3
20. A trapezoid has a bottom base of 10 in and top base of 6 in. If height is 5 in, find its area.
3. All three sides of a triangle are initially 6 m in length. One of the triangle’s sides is oriented horizontally. The A. 30 in2 B. 45 in2 C. 35 in2 D. 40 in2
triangle is scaled down in size without changing any of the angles. What is the new height of the triangle when
the area is exactly half of the original triangle’s area? 21. In the study of open channel fluid flow, the hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of flow area to wetted perimeter.
A. 0.67 m B. 1.67 m C. 2.67 m D. 3.67 m What is the hydraulic radius of an 8-in diameter pipe filled to a depth of 3 inches?
A. 3.23 in B. 1.63 in C. 6.34 in D. 2.34 in
4. Two 30 m diameter circles are placed so that the circumference of each just touches the center of the other.
What is the area common to each circle? (Refer to Figure 6) 22. What is the total surface area including the base, of a 6-foot-high right circular cone with a 4 feet base?
A. 216.38 m2 B. 236.38 m2 C. 256.38 m2 D. 276.38 m2 A. 22.30 ft2 B. 32.30 ft2 C. 42.30 ft2 D. 52.30 ft2

5. A regular pentagon has sides of 20 cm. An inner pentagon with sides of 10 cm is inside and concentric to the 23. A sphere whose diameter increases from 4 cm to 5 cm. What is the percent increase in surface area?
larger pentagon. Determine the area inside and concentric to the larger pentagon but outside of the smaller A. 56.25% B. 66.25% C. 76.25% D. 86.25%
pentagon.
A. 430.70 cm2 B. 573.26 cm2 C. 473.77 cm2 D. 516.14 cm2 24. The inner surface area in square meters of a closed (both ends) cylinder 3 meters in height and 4 m in diameter
is
6. What is the largest diameter circle that will fit inside a regular pentagon with 4 in sides? A. 21/2 p B. 33/4 p C. 20 p D. 30 p
A. 5.51 in B. 6.81 in C. 7.81 in D. 10.81 in
25. A cube has a diagonal of 5 ft. Find the diameter of a sphere whose volume is thrice that of the cube.
7. If the number of diagonals in a polygon is 9, what is the description of the polygon? A. 2.58 ft B. 3.58 ft C. 4.58 ft D. 5.17 ft
A. pentagon B. nonagon C. octagon D. hexagon
26. A cylindrical truncated prism has a base diameter of 10 m. The shortest height is 5 m and longest height is 10
8. A car travels 36 kph due east and another car from the same point at N 30o E at the rate of 72 kph. After 2 hrs, m. Find the volume of the prism.
the distance between two points is: A. 589 m3 B. 689 m3 C. 789 m3 D. 889 m3
A. 116.78 km B. 124.71 km C. 134.65 km D. 120.65 km
27. What is the percentage increase in the volume of sphere when its surface area is increased by 21%?
9. A square has a perimeter of 58 in. If the area of square is equal to the circle, find the circumference of the circle. A. 5% B. 10% C. 21% D. 33%
A. 23.45 in B. 34.34 in C. 51.40 in D. 48.56 in
28. The ratio of the volume to the lateral area of a right circular cone is 2:1. If the altitude is 15 cm, what is the ratio
10. A large 20 m diameter cylindrical tank that sits on the ground is to be painted. If one liter of paint covers 10 m2, of the slant height to the radius?
how many liters are required if it is 10 m high (include the top). A. 5:6 B. 5:4 C. 5:3 D. 5:2
A. 94.25 liters B. 53.23 liters C. 47 liters D. 65.45 liters
29. A spherical water tank 9 m diameter is filled to a height of 5/4 of its radius. Find the volume of water in the tank.
11. Find the area of triangle whose sides are 30 cm, 35 cm and 45 cm.
A. 160.93 m3 B. 260.93 m3 C. 360.93 m3 D. 460.93 m3
A. 394.56 cm2 B. 402.34 cm2 C. 524.40 cm2 D. 653.45 cm2

12. In a triangle ABC, A = 30o angle B = 80o and b = 10 in. Find the area of triangle. 30. A pyramid has a rectangular base of 10 in x 12 in. If the height is 14 in, find the volume of pyramid.
A. 23.85 in2 B. 27.34 in2 C. 29.03 in2 D. 32.63 in2 A. 560 in3 B. 580 in3 C. 600 in3 D. 620 in3

13. A rectangular lot has a width of 15 m and length of 20 m. Find the diameter of a circular lot whose area is twice 31. A square piece of sheet metal is to be made into a cake pan by cutting a 2 inches square from each corner and
that of rectangular lot. then turning up the sides. What size piece of sheet metal is needed if the volume of the pan is to be 128 cubic
A. 20.64 m B. 23.64 m C. 25.64 m D. 27.64 m inches?
A. 10 in B. 12 in C. 14 in D. 16 in

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32. Find the area of the rhombus whose diagonals are 8 m and 24 m respectively. ANSWER KEY:
A. 82 m2 B. 86 m2 C. 90 m2 D. 96 m2
1. D 11. C 21. B 31. B 41. D
33. The three dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped are in the ratio 3:4:5. If the volume is 2620 cu cm, what is 2. D 12. A 22. D 32. D 42. B
the length of the shortest side?
A. 6 56 cm B. 8.56 cm C. 10.56 cm D. 12.56 cm
3. D 13. D 23. A 33. C 43. A
4. D 14. A 24. C 34. B 44. B
34. The two bases of a trapezoid are 14 inches and 18 inches respectively. If the angles at the extremities of one base 5. D 15. D 25. D 35. A 45. B
are 65o and 55o respectively, find the area of trapezoid. 6. A 16. C 26. A 36. A 46. A
A. 44.86 in2 B. 54.86 in2 C. 64.86 in2 D. 74.86 in2 7. D 17. D 27. D 37. C
8. B 18. B 28. D 38. A
35. The volume of the right frustum of a right circular cone is 78 cu cm. The upper base radius is 2 cm and the lower 9. C 19. D 29. B 39. D
base radius is 5 cm. Find the altitude in cm. 10. A 20. D 30. A 40. D
A. 1.91 B. 2.01 C. 2.11 D. 2.21

36. Find the interior angle of a decagon.

A. 144o B. 136o C. 156o D. 166o

37. The sum of interior angle of nonagon is:

A. 1028o B. 1108o C. 1260o D. 1380o

38. A pentagon is inscribed in a circle whose radius is 10 in. Find the area of the polygon.
A. 237.76 in B. 247.76 in C. 257.76 in D. 267.76 in

39. A heptagon is circumscribed in a circle whose area is 150 cm2. Find the length of side of
heptagon.
A. 3.66 cm B. 4.66 cm C. 5.66 cm D. 6.66 cm

40. The radii of the two circles that are tangent externally are 8 and 3 m, respectively. What is the distance between
the points of tangency of one of their common external tangents?
A. 6.90 B. 7.80 C. 8.90 D. 9.80

41. A trapezoid has two equal slanting sides a 6 cm base and 3 cm top parallel to and 5 cm above base. Determine
the moment of inertia of the trapezoidal area relative to the base, in cm4.
A. 142.05 B. 171.88 C. 129.13 D. 156.25

42. A chord is 40 cm long and its midpoint is 40 cm from the midpoint of the longer arc. Find the area of the circle.
A. 25π B. 625 π C. 568 π D. 455 π

43. Given a square with 20 cm sides. Another square is to be inscribed in the given square such that the vertices of
the former lies on the sides of the latter. Determine the area, in sq. cm of the smallest inscribed square?
A. 200 B. 220 C. 180 D. 160

44. Two equilateral triangles, each with 12-cm sides, overlap each other to form a 6-point “Star of David”. Determine
the overlapping area, is sq-cm.
A. 34.64 B. 41.57 C. 28.87 D. 49.88

45. An isosceles triangle with equal sides of 20 cm has these sides at variable equal angles with the base.
Determine the maximum area attainable by the triangle.
A. 250 sq. cm B. 200 sq. cm C. 180 sq. cm D. 300 sq. cm

46. The volume of a regular tetrahedron is 3.182 cubic meter. Find its total surface area.
A. 12.47 sp. m. B. 15.59 sq. m. C. 16.87 sq. m. D. 10.42 sq. m.

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER Standard Equations:
Cebu Main: 4th floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 1. Point-slope form 2. Two - point slope form
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
Given: P1 (x1, y1) and slope “m” slope. given: Two points P1 (x1, y1)) and P2(x2, y2):

MATHEMATICS (ANALYTIC GEOMETRY) – DAY 7

y 2 - y1
y - y1 = m ( x - x1 ) y - y1 = ( x - x1 )
x 2 - x1
I. CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
x = abscissa y = ordinate O = origin
Where: m = slope b = y- intercept a = x-intercept
Example: Plot the following points:
a. P(3, 5) b. P(-4, 4)
c. P(-5, -2) d. P(6, -3)
3. Slope Intercept Form 4. Intercept Form
Mid-point, Slope and Distance between two points.

a. Mid-Point: y = y 1 + y 2 x = x1 + x 2 x
+
y
=1
2 2 y = mx + b
a b

b. Distance Between Two Points

D = ( x 2 - x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 - y1 ) 2

III. PROPERTIES OF LINES

y 2 - y1
c. Slope of line, m m=
x 2 - x1 1. Distance Between Point and a Line 2. Distance between two parallel lines

Given: Line: Ax + By + C = 0 Given: Line 1: Ax + By + C1 = 0

d. Area of triangle by connecting the given 3 points: P1(x1, y1), P2(x2, y2), P3(x3, y3) Point: P1 (x1, y1) Line 2: Ax + By + C2 = 0
� � 1
�
= 1
1 Ax1 + By1 + C C 2 - C1
d= d=
A 2 + B2 A 2 + B2
e. Area of connecting the given 4 points of square, rectangle and parallelogram.
P1(x1, y1), P2(x2, y2), P3(x3, y3), P4(x4, y4)
To solve the area, just take only 3 out of 4 points. (points1, 2, 3 or 2, 3, 4 or 3, 4, 1)
� � 1
= 1
1 3. Angle between two lines 4. Parallel lines
If two lines are parallel, their slope are equal.
m - m1
II. STRAIGHT LINE tan q = 2 m2 = m1
1 + m1 m2

A line is a locus of a moving point so that it is always equidistant to two fixed points.

General Equation: Ax + By + C = 0

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5. Perpendicular Lines IV. CONIC SECTIONS
If two lines are perpendicular, the slope of one line is equal to the negative reciprocal of the other.
A conic section is any one of several curves produced by passing a plane through a cone.

1
m2 = - General Equation of Conic: Ax 2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
m1

I. CIRCLE

A circle is a locus of points which moves so that it is always equidistant to

a fixed point called center. The constant distance is known as radius.
PROBLEMS

CARTESSIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM General Equation: Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Where: A = C
1. Given two points: P1 (1, 2) and P2 (5, 6). Compute the following:
A. Mid-point B. Slope C. Distance between two points
Standard Equations:
2. Find the area of the triangle with vertices P(1, 2), Q(3, 6) and R(6, 1).
A. 22 B. 11 C. 32 D. 35 1. Equation of circle with center origin

x2 + y2 = r 2
LINE EQUATION and PROPERTIES
2. Equation of circle with center at (h,k)
1. Find the equation of the line that passes through the points (0,0) and (2, -2). where: r = radius of circle
A. y = x B. y = -2x + 2 C. y = -2x D. y = -x
( x - h)2 + ( y - k )2 = r 2
2. Find the equation of a line with slope = 2 and y-intercept = -3.
A. y = -3x + 2 B. y = 2x – 3 C. y = 2/3 x + 1 D. y = 2x + 3 where: r = radius of circle

3. What is the general form of the equation for a line whose x-intercept is 4 and y-intercept is -6? Properties:
A. 2x – 3y – 18 = 0 C. 3x – 2y – 12 = 0 1. Eccentricity = 0
B. 2x + 3y + 18 = 0 D. 3x + 2y + 12 = 0
Shortcut Formulas:
4. What is the length of the line with slope 4/3, from the point (6, 4) to the y-axis?
A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75
ℎ and coordinates
5. A line goes through the point (4, -6) and is perpendicular to the line y = 4x + 10. What is the equation of the line? −
ℎ=
A. y = mx – 20 B. y = -1/4 x – 5 C. y = 1/5 x + 5 D. y = ¼ x + 5 2

6. Find the point of intersection of the lines. −

=
2x – 3y = 7 and -2x + 4y = -8 2

+ −4
=
4

PROBLEMS

1. What is the center and radius of the circle defined by x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y = 7?

2. Find the center and radius of + = −4

3. Which of the following equations describes a circle with center at (2, 3) and passing through the point (-3, -4)?
A. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 85 C. (x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 74
B. (x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 74 D. (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 74

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4. A circle of radius 3 has its center in the first quadrant and is tangent to the y-axis at (0,2). Find its equation. 2. Standard equations with vertex at (h, k)
A. ( + 3) + ( − 2) = 3
B. ( − 3) + ( − 2) = 3 Opening upward: ( x - h)2 = 4a ( y - k )
C. ( − 3) + ( + 2) = 3
D. ( − 3) + ( − 2) = 4
Opening downward: ( x - h)2 = -4a ( y - k )
5. Find the equation of circle with center on line x + 3 = 0 and tangent to y-axis at (0,-1)
A. ( − 3) + ( − 1) = 9 Opening right: ( y - k )2 = 4a ( x - h)
B. ( + 3) + ( − 1) = 9
C. ( − 3) + ( + 1) = 9 Opening left: ( y - k )2 = -4a( x - h)
D. ( + 3) + ( + 1) = 9

Properties of Parabola
a. The eccentricity, e = 1.0 or unity

II. PARABOLA b. Length of latus rectum = 4a

A parabola is a locus of a points which moves so that it is always equidistant to a fixed point called focus and a fixed c. Distance from vertex to focus = a
line called directrix.
d. Distance from vertex to directrix = a

e. Distance from focus to ends of latus rectum = 2a

f. Axis of symmetry or parabolic axis equation.

A. For horizontal axis: y = k
General equations:
B. For vertical axis: x = h

Ax 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 g. Ratio and Proportion of parabola:

A. For horizontal axis:
2
Cy + Dx + Ey + F = 0 �
=
�

B. For vertical axis:

� �
=
Standard Equations:
h. Alcorcon’s Formula in solving the area bounded by latus rectum and parabola:
1. Standard equations, vertex at origin
8
=
3
Opening left: y 2 = -4ax Opening right: y 2 = 4ax
i. h and k coordinates
A. For horizontal axis:
−4
Opening upward: x 2 = 4ay Opening downward : x 2 = -4ay ℎ=
4

B. For vertical axis:

−
=
2

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PROBLEMS

1. For a given parabola, x2 – 4x – 16y – 12 = 0, find:

A. the vertex
B. the length latus rectum

2. For the given parabola + 8 − 6 + 1 = 0, Find:

A. Focus
B. Directrix
C. Opening

3. What is the equation of a parabola with a vertex at (4, 8) and directrix at y = 5?

A. (x – 8)2 = 12 (y – 4) C. (x – 4)2 = 6 (y – 8)
B. (x – 4)2 = 12 (y – 8) D. (y – 8)2 = 12 (x – 4)

4. Find the area bounded by the parabola and its latus rectum +4 −2 +6=0
A. 2/3
B. 1/8
C. 1/3
D. 3/4

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
15. A line passing through (4, 3) has a slope of 5 and intersect at y-axis. Find the distance from point (4, 3) to the
point of intersection of the y-axis.
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 16.39 B. 18.39 C. 22.39 D. 20.39
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
16. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (2,1) and that is perpendicular to the line passing through
MATHEMATICS – ANALYTIC GEOMETRY (3, -2) and (-6,5).
x 9x 9x
A. y = 9x - 11
11 15 11
B. y = - C. y = - D. y = +
PROBLEM SET # 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: 17. Find the slope of line whose equation is y - 5x + 2 = 0.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

1. Find the slope of the line defined by y – 3x = 5. 18. Find the equation of line whose x-intercept is 2 and y-intercept is 3,
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A. 3x + 2y = 8 B. 3x + 2y = 2 C. 3x + 2y = 4 D. 3x + 2y = 6

2. Find the equation of a line with slope = 2 and y-intercept = 5. 19. The intercept of a straight line on the y-axis is -3. If (5,2) is a point on the straight line, the slope of the straight
A. y = 2x + 5 B. y = 3x + 6 C. y = 4x + 7 D. y = 5x + 8 line is
A. -3 B. 1 C. 5 D. 0
3. What is the general form of the equation for a line whose x-intercept is 4 and y-intercept is -5?
A. 5x – 4y – 20 = 0 C. 7x – 4y – 20 = 0 20. The equation of a straight line passing through point (2,3) and slope of 1.
B. 5x – 6y – 20 = 0 D. 5x – 4y – 18 = 0 A. x - y = -1 B. x + 2y = 7 C. x - y = 3 D. x + y = 5

4. What is the radius of the circle defined by x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y = 7? 21. Which of the following lines is perpendicular to a line with the equation y = ¼ x + 6?
A. 2.47 B. 4.47 C. 6.47 D. 8.47 A. y = 2x – 3 B. y = -4x + 6 C. x = 4y – 3 D. y = -1/4 x – 6

5. What are the coordinates of the center and the radius, respectively, of the following equation for a circle? 22. Find the distance between 3x + 4y = 4 and point (0,5).
x2 + y2 + 12y – 2x + 1 = 0 A. 2.8 B. 3.0 C. 3.2 D. 3.4
A. (7, -6); 2 B. (4, -2); 4 C. (1, -6); 6 D. (-1, -3); 8
23. Find the slope-intercept equation of a line that has y-intercept -4 and is parallel to the line 5x – 2y = 3.
6. What is the length of the line with slope 4/3, from the point (5, 4) to the y-axis? A. y = 5 x - 4 B. y = 5 x + 4 C. x = 5 y - 4 D. y = 5 x - 5
A. 21/3 B. 23/3 C. 25/3 D. 27/3 2 2 2 2

7. What is the equation of the ellipse with center at (0, 0) that passes through the points (2, 0), (0, 4), and (-2, 0)? 24. Find the equation of line with slope -6 and x-intercept at 4.
A. x2/3 + y2/14 = 1 C. x2/5 + y2/18 = 1 A. y = 6x + 24 B. y = -6x - 24 C. y = -6x + 20 D. y = -6x + 24
B. x2/4 + y2/16 = 1 D. x2/6 + y2/20 = 1
25. Find the equation of line passing through (5, 8) and perpendicular to y-axis.
8. What is the equation of the circle passing through the (x, y) points (0, 0), (0, 6) and (-6, 0)? A. y = 5 B. y = 8 C. y = 3 D. y = 1
A. (x + 3)2 + (y – 3)2 = 18 C. (x + 5)2 + (y – 5)2 = 18
B. (x + 4)2 + (y – 4)2 = 18 D. (x + 6)2 + (y – 6)2 = 18 26. Find the equation of the line whose y-intercept is -7 and whose slope is 4/3.
A. 4x - 3y - 21 = 0 B. 3x - 4y - 21 = 0 C. x - 2y + 21 = 0 D. 4x - 3y + 21 = 0
9. The x and y-coordinates of a particle moving in the x-y plane are x = 8 sint and y = 6cost. Which of the following
equations describes the path of the particle? 27. The equation of the line through (1,2) parallel to the line 3x - 2y + 4 = 0 is:
A. 9x2 + 10y2 = 900 C. 25x2 + 20y2 = 900 A. 3x - 2y + 1 = 0 B. 3x + 2y + 1 = 0 C. 3x - 2y - 1 = 0 D. 3x + 2y - 1 = 0
B. 16x2 + 15y2 = 900 D. 36x2 + 25y2 = 900
28. Find the distance between two parallel lines: 3x - 4y = 10 and 3x - 4y = 20.
10. 10. What conic section is described by the following equation? 4x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y = 15 A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
A. ellipse B. circle C. parabola D. hyperbola
29. What is the radius of the circle described by x2 - 2x + y2 - 2y - 4 = 0?
11. What is the radius of a sphere with a center at the origin and that passes through the point (6, 3, 5)? A. 1 B. 2.2 C. 2.45 D. 3
A. 2.37 B. 4.37 C. 6.37 D. 8.37
30. Find the standard equation of circle whose center is at (1,2) and passes through (5,4).
12. Find the mid-point between (2, 5) and (-4, -5). A. x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 15 = 0 C. x2 - y2 – 2x – 4y – 18 = 0
A. (-1, 1) B. (-1, 0) C. (-1,2) D. (-3,0) B. x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 15 = 0 D. x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 15 = 0

13. What is the angle between the x - axis and the line y = 0.8x? 31. Find the center of the circle given by the equation x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y = 9.
A. 38.66o B. 34.23o C. 43.20o D. 59.34o A. (4, -0.5) B. (-4, 2) C. (-4, -1) D. (4, -1)

14. Find the slope form of the line passing through the points (1.7, 3.4) and (8.3, 9.5) 32. What is the radius of a circle with the following equation? x - 6x + y - 4y - 12 = 0
2 2
A. y = 0.924x + 2.830 B. y = 1.924x + 3.830 A. 3.46 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
C. y = 2.924x + 4.830 D. y = 0.924x + 1.830

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33. What are the coordinates of the center of the curve x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 31 = 0? 51. Find the equation of the line with slope of 2/3 and which passes through point of intersection of the lines
A. (-1, -1) B. (-2, -2) C. (1, 2) D. (2, 1) 4x – 2y +1 = 0 and x-2y + 4=0.
A. 4x-6y+9=0 B. 6x-4y+9=0 C. 6x-4y+11=0 D. 4x-6y+11=0
34. The shortest distance from A (3, 8) to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12 is equal to
A. 2.1 B. 2.3 C. 2.5 D. 2.7 52. Find the distance of the line 8x − 5y − 121 = 0 to point (1, 1)
A. 10.47 B. 11.36 C. 12.51 D. 13.87
35. Find the equation of the circle that is circumscribed about the triangle whose vertices are (-1, -3), (-2, 4) and (2, 1).
A. x2 + y2 + 3x + y – 10 = 0 B. x2 + y2 - 3x – y – 10 = 0
C. x2 + y2 + 3x – y + 10 = 0 D. x2 + y2 + 3x – y – 10 = 0
ANSWER KEY:
36. Find the area of triangle formed by joining the points (4,1), (-6, 8) and (-3, -7)
A. 64.5 B. 74.5 C. 84.5 D. 94.5
1. C 12. D 23. A 34. A 45. D
37. Determine the area of the triangle bounded by the straight lines x + 2y – 7 = 0, 3x – 4y – 1 = 0, 2. A 13. A 24. D 35. D 46. A
and 2x – y + 6 = 0. 3. A 14. D 25. B 36. A 47. C
A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25 4. B 15. D 26. A 37. C 48. D
5. C 16. A 27. A 38. B 49. C
38. Find the eccentricity of a parabola whose equation is y2 = 4(x-5). 6. C 17. C 28. A 39. B 50. D
A. 0.5 B. 1.0 C. 2.0 D. 3.0 7. B 18. D 29. C 40. A 51. D
8. A 19. B 30. A 41. D 52. C
39. Find the equation of parabola with focus at (-1,2) and directrix at y = -2
A. (x+1)2 = 10y B. (x+1)2 = 8y C. (x-1)2 = 8y D. (x+1)2 = -8y
9. D 20. A 31. D 42. C
10. A 21. B 32. C 43. B
40. Which conic section is described by the following equation 9x + 16y + 54x - 64y = -1?
2 2 11. D 22. C 33. C 44. B
A. Ellipse B. circle C. parabola D. hyperbola

41. Find the equation of the directrix of the parabola y2 = 16x.

A. x = 2 B. x = -2 C. x = 4 D. x = -4

42. Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the function y = 2x2 – 7x + 5.
A. 7x + 4 = 0 B. 4x + 7 = 0 C. 4x -7 = 0 D. x – 2 = 0

43. In a Cartesian coordinate system, the vertices of a triangle are defined by the following points: (-2, 0), (4, 0) and
(3, 3). What is the area?
A. 8 sq. units B. 9 sq. units C. 10 sq. units D. 11 sq. units

44. A line passes thru (1, -3) and (-4, 2). Write the equation of the line in slope intercept form.
A. y – 4 = x B. y = -x – 2 C. y = x – 4 D. y -2 = x

45. Find the slope of a line having a parametric equation of x = 2 + t and y = 5 – 3t.
A. 2 B. 3 C. -2 D. -3

46. Find the area of the triangle which the line 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 forms with the coordinate axis.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2

47. Find the equation of parabola with vertical axis; vertex at origin; passing through (-3, 2).
3 9 9 9
A. x2 = y B. x2 = - y C. x2 = y D. x2 = y
2 2 2 7

48. Find the equation of parabola with focus at (0, 4) and directrix at x = 6.
A. y2 + 8y – 12x + 20 = 0 C. y2 – 8y – 12x - 20 = 0
B. y2 – 8y + 12x + 20 = 0 D. y2 – 8y + 12x - 20 = 0

49. The slope of a line is ½. The slope of the second line is -2/3. The lines intercept at the point (3, 1). What is the
acute angle between the lines?
A. 27 degrees B. 50 degrees C. 60 degrees D. 80 degrees

50. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 = 25 at (3, -4).
A. y = 4/3 x – 6 B. y = -2/3 x – 6 C. y = -4/3 x + 8 D. y = -4/3 x

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
i. Distance between foci = 2c j. Distance between vertex = 2a

Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th
Shortcut formula in solving the Center (h, k) and a & b of ellipse: Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
-D E
h = k = -
MATHEMATICS (GEOMETRY) – DAY 8 2A 2C

For C > A
I. ELLIPSE
An ellipse is a locus of points which moves so that the sum of its distances from two fixed points called foci is a = C b = A
equal to the length of major axis 2a.
For A > C
a= A b= C

PROBLEMS
1. For the given equation of an ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 -16x + 18y – 11 = 0. Find:
A. Center
B. Eccentricity

2. What is the equation of the ellipse with center at (0, 0) that passes through the points (2, 0), (0, 3), and (-2, 0)?
A. x2/9 – y2/4 = 1 C. x2/9 + y2/4 = 1
B. x2/4 – y2/9 = 1 D. x2/4 + y2/9 = 1

General Equation: Ax 2 + Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Where: A ≠ C 3. Find the major axis of ellipse

�
+ 9 � + 6 − 18 + 9 = 0

Standard Equations: 4. Find the equation of ellipse with vertices at (±8,0) and foci at (±5,0)
� �
1. Standard Equation with center at origin 5. Find the eccentricity of ellipse 4 +3 = 48

With major axis horizontal: x2 y2

+ =1
a2 b2

x2 y2 II. HYPERBOLA
With major axis vertical: + =1
b2 a2
A hyperbola is a locus of points which moves so that the difference of its distances from two fixed point called the foci
a = semi-major axis b = semi-minor axis is equal to the length of transverse axis 2a.

2. Standard Equation with center at (h ,k)

Horizontal axis: ( x - h )2 ( y - k )2
+ =1
a2 b2

Vertical axis: ( x - h )2 ( y - k )2
+ =1
b2 a2

Properties of Ellipse
c
a. a is always greater than b b. The eccentricity, e = , (e < 1)
a
a
c. Distance from center to focus = c = a e d. Distance from center to directrix = General Equations: Ax 2 - Cy 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
e
2 2 2 b2
e. a = c +b f. Length of latus rectum = Cy 2 - Ax 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
a
g. Major axis = 2a h. Minor axis = 2b

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Standard Equations: PROBLEMS

A. Standard equation with center at origin 1. For the given equation of a hyperbola x2 – 4y2 + 4x + 24y – 28 = 0
2 2 Find: A. Center B. eccentricity
Axis Horizontal: x y
- =1 2. Find the center of a hyperbola
a2 b2 �− �−4 +2 +2=0

Axis Vertical: y2 x2
- =1 3. Find the length of the latus rectum of the equation
a2 b2
9 � − � − 18 − 6 − 9 = 0
B. Standard Equations with center (h,k)
4. A hyperbola has its center at the origin and the transverse axis on the x-axis. If latus rectum is 18 and a = 4. Find
the equation of the hyperbola.
Horizontal axis: ( x - h)2 ( y - k )2
- =1 � �
a2 b2 5. A hyperbola has an equation of 9 − + 81 = 0. Find the eccentricity

Vertical axis: ( y - k )2 ( x - h)2

- =1 III. INCLINED AXIS
a2 b2

Properties of Hyperbola General Equation of inclined axis: Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Testing of equations using DISCRIMINANT:

a. a is not always greater than b 1. B2 - 4AC = 0, then the equation is PARABOLA.
2. B2 - 4AC = negative, then the equation is ELLIPSE.
b. a2 is always the denominator of the positive term 3. B2 - 4AC = positive, then the equation is HYPERBOLA.

c
c. Eccentricity, e = , (e > 1.0)
a PROBLEMS
d. Distance from center to focus = c = a e = a2 + b2
1. The equation 3x2 + 6xy + 2y2 - 4y = 10 represents which conic section?
2
a
f. Length of latus rectum = 2 b
� �
e. Distance from center to directrix = 2. What conic section is described by the following equation? 4 − + 8 + 4 = 15
e a

g. Equation of asymptotes y - k = b/a (x - h)h. Transverse axis = 2ª

i. Conjugate axis = 2b
IV. POLAR COORDINATES
j. Distance between foci = 2c
A polar coordinate is a representation of a particular point in a coordinate system, where the first value r represents
k. Distance between vertex = 2a
the length from the point of origin to the particular point, and where the second value represents the angle made by
the line connecting the particular point and the point of origin, and an arbitrary line (usually the x-axis).
Shortcut formula in solving the Center (h, k) and a & b
x = r cos θ
-D E
h = k = -
2A 2C y = r sin θ

For horizontal axis

a = -C b = A

For vertical axis Distance between two points in polar coordinates:

a= -A b= C 2 2
D = r1 + r2 - 2 r1 r2 cos(q2 - q1 )

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 Conversion of Rectangular to Polar coordinates and Vice 4. Angle between Vector V and the axes
Versa.
x
1. r 2 = x 2 + y 2 2. r = x2 + y2 3. cosθ = Angle between V and x-axis.
r
x
y y cos qx =
4. sinθ 5. tan q = 6. x = r cosq
r x x 2 + y 2 + z2

7. y = r sinθ Angle between V and y-axis.

y
cos q y =
x 2 + y 2 + z2
V. SOLID GEOMETRY
Angle between V and z-axis.

Solid geometry refers to geometry in a three-dimensional Euclidean space. z

cos q z =
x2 + y2 + z2
FORMULAS:

1. Length of vector, V
5. Angle between two vectors
For given two vectors: V1 (x1, y1, z1) and V2 (x2, y2, z2)

V= x 2 + y 2 + z2

x1 x 2 + y1 y 2 + z1 z2
cos q =
( x12 + y12 + z12 x 2 2 + y 22 + z 22

2. Distance between two points

Given:
P1 = (x1, y1, z1)
6. Distance between Point (x, y, z) and Plane Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
P2 = (x2, y2, z2)

Ax + By + Cz + D
D=
d = ( x2 - x1)2 + ( y2 - y1)2 + ( z2 - z1)2 A2 + B 2 + C 2

PROBLEMS

3. Radius of Sphere, r 1. Convert x2 + y2 – 8x = 0 into polar form.

2. What is the rectangular form of the following polar equation? r2 = 1- tan2θ

A. –x2 + x4y2 + y2 = 0 C. –x4 + y2 = 0
Given: P(x, y, z) r = x 2 + y 2 + z2 B. x2 + x2y2 - y2 + y4 = 0 D. x4 - x2 + x2y2 + y2 = 0

3. What are the x and y-coordinates of the focus of the conic section described by the following equation? (Angle α
corresponds to a right triangle with adjacent side x, opposite side y, and hypotenuse r). r sin2α = cosα
A. (-1/2, 0) B. (0, 0) C. (0, ‫ח‬/2) D. (1/4, 0)

4. What is the distance between the points (3, 2, -1) and (4, -5, 0)?
A. 3 3 B. 4 3 C. 7 D. 51

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5. Find the polar equation of the circle, if its center is at (4,0) and the radius is 4.
A. r – 8cosu = 0
B. r – 6cosu = 0
C. r – 12cosu = 0
D. r – 4cosu = 0

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
15. Find the rectangular form of r2 = 16rcotθ cscθ – 32 csc2θ
A. y2 = 16(x-2) B. y2 = -16(x-2) C. y2 = 16(x+2) D. y2 = 12(x-2)
Cebu: 4TH Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 16. Find the x and y coordinate of 5 ∟40o.
A. x = 4.83, y = -3.21 C. x = 3.83, y = 8.21
MATHEMATICS – ANALYTIC GEOMETRY AND SOLID GEOMETRY B. x = 3.83, y = 3.21 D. x = 5.83, y = 3.21

17. Find the distance of the directrix from the center of an ellipse if its major axis is 10 and its minor axis is 8.
PROBLEM SET # 8 A. 8.1 B. 8.3 C. 8.5 D. 8.7
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: 18. Find the major axis of the ellipse x2 + 4y2 – 2x – 8y + 1 = 0.
A. 2 B. 10 C. 4 D. 6
1. What is the rectangular form of the following polar equation? r2 = 1- cot2θ
A. y4 - 4y2 + x2y2 - x2 = 0 C. y4 + y2 + 5x2y2 + x2 = 0 19. Which conic section is described by the following equation 9x + 16y + 54x - 64y = -1?
2 2
B. y4 - y2 + x2y2 + x2 = 0 D. 5y4 - y2 + x2y2 + 5x2 = 0 A. ellipse B. circle C. parabola D. hyperbola
2. What is the distance between the points (3, 2, -1) and (4, -5, 3)?
20. What is the equation of an ellipse with foci at (±4, 0) and major axis of length 12.
A. 2.12 B. 4.12 C. 6.12 D. 8.12
A. x2 + 36y2 = 720 B. 20x2 - 36y2 = 720
C. 20x2 + 36y2 = 720 D. 20x2 + 36y2 = 72
3. What is the polar (r, θ) coordinates of the point that has rectangular (x, y) coordinates of (3, 8)?
A. (2.54, 26.31o) C. (6.54, 46.31o)
21. An ellipse has a major axis of 8 and minor axis of 6. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse.
B. (4.54, 36.31o) D. (8.54, 56.31o)
A. 0.273 B. 0.661 C. 0.873 D. 1.02
4. The polar (r, θ) coordinates of a point are (5, 100o). What are the rectangular (x, y) coordinates?
A. (-0.268, 1.92) C. (-0.668, 3.92)
22. The length of the latus rectum for the ellipse
x2 y2
B. (-0.468, 2.92) D. (-0.868, 4.92) + = 1 is equal to
64 16
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
5. What is the equation of an ellipse with foci at (±4, 0) and major axis of length 12.
A. x2 + 36y2 = 720 C. 20x2 + 36y2 = 720 23. Find the area of the ellipse with foci (2, -7) and (2, 9) and with major axis of length 34.
B. 20x2 - 36y2 = 720 D. 20x2 + 36y2 = 72 A. 255 pi B. 355 pi C. 155 pi D. 335 pi

6. What is the equation of an ellipse with eccentricity 33 / 49 and ends of minor axis at (0, ±4). 24. In the non-degenerate conic 3(x sq.) + 6xy + 5(y sq.) – x + y = 0. Classify what kind?
A. x2/49 - y2/16 = 1 C. x2/49 + y2/16 = 1 A. hyperbola B. parabola C. ellipse D. circle
B. x2/49 + y2/25 = 1 D. x2/25 + y2/16 = 1
25. Find the distance between the foci of the curve 9x� + 25y� − 18x + 100y − 166 = 0
7. An ellipse has a major axis of 8 and minor axis of 6. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse. A. 7 B. 6 C. 8 D. 12
A. 0.273 B. 0.661 C. 0.873 D. 1.02
26. The cords of the ellipse 4x� + 9y� = 144 having equal slopes of 3/4 is bisected by its diameter. What is the
8. If B2 – 4AC = 0, then the equation of conic is: equation of the diameter?
A. ellipse B. circle C. hyperbola D. parabola A. 18x − 25y = 0 B. 16x + 27y = 0 C. 24x + 17y = 0 D. 14x − 31y = 0

9. The equation y + y – 2x + 6 = 0 opens:

2 27. Given the curve 36x� + 9y� -36=0. What is the length of its latus rectum?
A. upward B. downward C. right D. left A. 0.6 B. 0.75 C. 1.5 D. 1

10. The equation x2 – 8y2 + 6x – 2y + 6 = 0 is: 28. The eccentricity of an ellipse is 0.6 and the distance between its foci is 6 units. Find the distance between its
A. ellipse B. circle C. hyperbola D. parabola directrices.
A. 8.33 B. 15.67 C. 16.67 D. 21.33
11. Find the equation of ellipse with x-intercepts ±4 and y-intercepts ±2.
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
29. The equation x2 – 8y2 + 6x – 2y + 6 = 0 is:
A. x + y = 1 B. x + y = 1 C. x + y = 1 D. x + y = 1 A. ellipse B. circle C. hyperbola D. parabola
16 4 25 4 16 9 9 4
30. Find the eccentricity of hyperbola 9x – 4y = -36.
2 2

12. Find the eccentricity of hyperbola 9x2 – 4y2 = -36. A. 1.10 B. 1.20 C. 1.30 D. 0.90
A. 1.10 B. 1.20 C. 1.30 D. 0.90
31. The parabola y = 3(x squared) – 6x + 5 has its vertex at
13. Find the eccentricity of parabola having an equation of y2 – 4x + 6y – 10 = 0. A. (2, 5) B. (1, 2) C. (-1, 2) D. (-2, 5)
A. 0 B. 1.0 C. 1.23 D. 0.875
32. Find the eccentricity of a hyperbola whose transverse and conjugate axes are equal in length.
14. Find the eccentricity of an ellipse. x2 + 4y2 = 4. A. sq. rt. of 2 B. sq. rt. of 3 C. 2(sq. rt. of 2) D. 2(sq. rt. of 3)
A. 0.766 B. 0.866 C. 0.966 D. 0.666
33. What is the eccentricity of the curve 9x� − 16y� − 144x + 224y + 751 = 0?
A. 1.33 B. 1.67 C. 1.73 D. 1.54

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 ANSWER KEY:
34. The graph of 3x2 – 6xy + 5y2 – x + 3y + 4 = 0 is
A. circle B. ellipse C. parabola D. hyperbola 1. B 11. A 21. B 31. C 41. B
2. D 12. B 22. C 32. A 42. C
35. Given the hyperbola: xy = 1. Determine the new equation of this hyperbola if the x, y, axes are rotated about the
origin by 45 degrees clockwise.
3. D 13. B 23. A 33. B 43. B
A. y2 – x2 = 1 B. x2 – y2 = 2 C. x2 – y2 = 1 D. y2 – x2 = 2 4. D 14. B 24. C 34. B 44. B
5. C 15. A 25. C 35. B 45. C
36. Through the point (3, 3), determine the equation of the line making an angle of 30o with the y-axis. 6. C 16. B 26. B 36. D 46. D
A. y – 3 = 1.192(x – 3) B. y – 3 = 1.428(x – 3) 7. B 17. B 27. D 37. A 47. B
C. y – 3 = -1.732(x – 3) D. y – 3 = 1.000(x – 3) 8. D 18. A 28. C 38. A 48. A
9. C 19. A 29. C 39. A 49. D
37. Find the rectangular form of r2 = 16rcotθ cscθ – 32 csc2θ 10. C 20. B 30. B 40. A 50. A
A. y2 = 16(x-2) B. y2 = -16(x-2) C. y2 = 16(x+2) D. y2 = 12(x-2)

38. Find the x and y coordinate of 5 ∟40 . o

A. x = 4.83, y = -3.21 B. x = 3.83, y = 3.21 C. x = 3.83, y = 8.21 D. x = 5.83, y = 3.21

39. Find the polar equation of the circle, if its center is at (4, 0) and the radius is 4.
A. r – 8 cosu = 0 B. r – 6 cosu = 0
C. r – 12 cosu = 0 D. r – 4 cosu = 0

40. Given the polar equation r = 5 sinФ. Determine the rectangular coordinates (x, y) of a point in the curve when Ф
is 30o.
A. (2.17, 1.25) B. (3.2, 1.5) C. (2.51, 4.12) D. (6, 3)

41. Change the polar equation r = tan theta sec theta to rectangular coordinates.
A. y = 2 (x squared) B. y = x squared
C. y = 2x D. y = x cubed

42. Change y = x from rectangular to polar form.

A. theta = 2π or 3π/2 B. theta = π/3 or 4π/3
C. theta = π/4 or 5π/4 D. π or 3π

43. What is the cosine of the angle between the planes of 2x – y – 2z – 5 = 0 and 6x – 2y + 3z + 8 = 0?
A. 3/21 B. 8/21 C. 67.6 D. 0

44. Find k so that the plane (k + 1)x – y + (2 – k)z = 5 is perpendicular to the plane 2x + 6y – z + 3 = 0.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

45. The distance between points (x, 3,6) and (2,10,4) is 9.434 units. Calculate the value of x.
A. 5 B. 7 C. 8 D. 6

46. If the distance between points A(2,5,4) and B(x, 3,6) is AB = 5.745m, determine the value of x.
A. 4 B. 6 C. 3 D. 7

47. Find the angle between the y-axis and vector V = 2i – 3j + 4k.
A. 120.34o B. 123.85o C. 132.92o D. 137.01o

48. Find the angle between the z-axis and vector V = 2i – 3j + 4k.
A. 42.03o B. 46.02o C. 58.78o D. 69.46o

49. What is the distance between the two points (1, -3, 9) and (-4,5,-7)?
A. 12.74 B. 14.03 C. 16.23 D. 18.57

50. Find the radius of sphere passing though point (1,5,2).

A. 30 B. 20 C. 5 D. 9

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
For given S = f(t)
dS d2S dv
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th a. v = velocity v = b. a = acceleration a = =
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 dt d t2 dt

MATHEMATICS (DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) – DAY 9

SLOPE OF A CURVE

For a given curve y = f (x)

I. DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS
a. Slope of line tangent to a curve at point (h, k) is equal to the first
1. d(c) = 0
7.. d(lnu) =
du derivative of y with respect to x. m = slope = dy
u 12. d(cosu) = - sinu du dx
2. d(cu) = c du b. Equation of line tangent to point (h, k) of a curve.
loga e du 13. d(tanu) = sec 2 u du y - k = m(x - h)
3. d(u+v) = du + dv 8. d (loga u) = 1
u c. Equation of line normal line: y - k = - ( x - h)
4. d(uv) = u dv + v du 14. d(cotu) = - csc 2 u du m
9. d ( eu ) = eu du
15. d(secu) = sec u tan u du
5. d æçç u ö÷÷ = vdu - udv
èvø v2 10. d (au ) = au ln a du CRITICAL POINTS OF A CURVE
16. d(cscu) = -csc u cot u du
6. d (un ) = n un-1du 11. d(sinu) = cos u du A. At the maximum or minimum value of a curve,
the slope is zero.
Given: y = f(x) dy
y' = =0
PROBLEMS: dx

1. What is the derivative of f(x) = (x3 – (x – 1)3)3? B. Point of Inflection of a Curve

A. 3x2 – 3(x – 1)2 C. 9(x3 – (x – 1)3)(x2 – (x – 1)2) At point of inflection the second derivative is zero.
B. 3(x3 – (x – 1)3)2 D. 9(x3 – (x – 1)3)2(x2 – (x – 1)2) d2 x
For given curve y = f(x) y" = = 0
2. Evaluate dy/dx for the following expression. y = e sin2x
-x dy 2
A. e-x(2 cos2x – sin 2x) C. e-x(2 sin2x + cos 2x)
B. -e-x(2 sin2x + cos 2x) D. -e-x(2 cos2x – sin 2x)
RADIUS OF CURVATURE, RC
3. Find dy/dx for the parametric equations given.
x = 2t2 – t y = t3 – 2t + 1 Given: y = f(x)
A. 3t2 B. 3t2/2 C. 4t – 1 D. (3t2 – 2)/(4t – 1)

Radius of curvature =
[1 + (y') ] 23/2
Curvature =
y"
[1 + (y') ]
4. What is the first derivative, dy/dx, of the following expression? (xy)x = e
y" 23/2
-x -y
A. 0 B. (1 - xlnx) C. (1 + xlnxy) D. y/x y’ = first derivative of the equation y” = second derivative of the equation
y x

5. What is the derivative, dy/dx, of the expression x2y – e2x = siny?

2e 2x 2x
A. B. 2e - 2xy C. 2e2x – 2xy D. x2 – cosy LIMITS OF A FUNCTION
x 2
cosy x 2 - cosy
Lim f (x) = A
x ®a

Note: After the substitution of limits, if the result is indeterminate, then use L’ Hospital’s Rule. To do this, differentiate
II. DIFFERENTIAL APPLICATIONS both the numerator and the denominator of the given equation separately. If indeterminate still persist, differentiate the
equation for the second time.

VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES Indeterminate in forms are:

0 ¥
A. Of a moving particle, the first derivative of distance with respect to time dS is equal to velocity. a. b. c. 0 (¥ ) d. ¥ - ¥ e. 1¥
dt 0 ¥
B. Of a moving particle, the second derivative of distance with respect to time is equal to acceleration.

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PROBLEMS: PROBLEMS:

VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION

1. The location of a body as a function of time is x(t) = 18t + 9t . Find the body’s velocity and acceleration at t = 2.
2 1. If f(x, y) = x y + xy + sinx + cos x + sin3y, what is ∂f/∂x?
2 3 4 2

A. (2x + y)y3 + 3 sin2y cosy C. (3x + 4y2)xy + 3sin2y cosy

2. Refer to a particle whose curvilinear motion is represented by the equation s = 20t + 4t2 – 3t3. B. (4x – 3y2)xy2 + 3sin2y cosy D. (2x + y)y3 + (1 – 2sinx) cosx

What is the particle’s initial velocity?

A. 20 m/s B. 25 m/s C. 30 m/s D. 32 m/s

What is the maximum speed reached by the particle?

A. 21.8 m/s B. 27.9 m/s C. 34.6 m/s D. 48.0 m/s

CRITICAL POINTS AND CURVATURE

1. Determine the equation of the line tangent to the graph y = 2x2 + 1 at the point (1, 3).
A. y = 2x + 1 B. y = 4x – 1 C. y = 2x – 1 D. y = 4x + 1

2. Given y1 = 4x + 3 and y2 = x2 + C, find C such that y2 is tangent to y1.

A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7

3. What is the slope of the curve y = 10x2 – 3x – 1when it crosses the positive part of the x-axis?
A. 3/20 B. 1/5 C. 1/3 D. 7

4. What is the maximum value of the following function on the interval x ≤ 0? y = 2x3 + 12x2 – 30x + 10
A. -210 B. -36 C. -5 D. 210

5. Where does the point of inflection occur y = x3 - 3x? (April 2000)

A. (0,0) B. (1,0) C. (1, 2) D. (8,0)

LIMITS
1. Compute the following limit. Lim
x + 2
x ®¥ x - 2
2. Simplify the following expression. Lim x2 - 16
x®4 x - 4
3. Compute the following limit. Lim 1 - cosx
x 0 x2
æ x2 - πx + sinx ö
4. Evaluate the following limit. (x in radians) lim ç ÷
x®π ç - sinx ÷
è ø
A. 0 B. 1 C. π – 1 D. 2 (π – 1)

III. PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION

Given: M = F(x, y)

If you take ¶M , consider y as constant. If you take ¶M , consider x as constant

¶x ¶y

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
14. Given dy1/dx = 2/13 (1 + 5/2 x – 3/2 – 3/4 k. What is the value of k such that y1 is perpendicular to the curve y2 =
3x + 1 at x = 1?
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 50/9 B. 52/9 C. 54/9 D. 56/9
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
15. The location of a body as a function of time is x(t) = 18t + 9t2. Find the body’s velocity at t = 4.
MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS A. 88 B. 90 C. 92 D. 94

16. What is the maximum of the function y = -x3 + 3x, for x ≥ -1?
PROBLEM SET # 9 A. -2 B. -4 C. -6 D. -8
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
x + 3
17. Compute the following limit. Lim
x®¥ x - 3
1. What is the first derivative with respect to x of the function g(x) = 3 9 ? A. 1 B. 0 C. 2 D. 3
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
2. What is the derivative of f(x) = (x2 – (x – 1)3)2? 2
A. [x – (x – 1) ] [2x + 3(x – 1) ]
2 3 2
C. 3[x + (x – 1)3] [2x – 3(x – 1)2]
2
18. Simplify the following expression. Lim
x - 25
B. 2[x2 – (x – 1)3] [2x – 3(x – 1)2] D. 4[x2 – (x – 1)3] [2x – 3(x + 1)2] x®4 x - 5
A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6
3. Differentiate f(x) = 2x2 - 4x + 2.
19. Compute the following limit. Lim
1 - cosx
A. x - 2 B. 2( x + 2 )
2 2
x®0 x3
2x - 4x + 2 2x - 4x + 2 A. 490 B. 495 C. 500 D. 505
C. 3( x - 2 ) D. 4( x - 2 )
2 2 æ1 - e 3x ö
2x - 4x - 2 2x + 4x + 2 20. Evaluate the following limit. lim ç ÷
x ®0 ç 3x ÷
è ø
4. Find the second derivative of y = x 2 + x -3. A. 2/3 B. -2/3 C. -5/3 D. -7/3
A. 6/x5 B. 8/x5 C. 10/x5 D. 12/x5
21. What is the maximum value of the following function on the interval x ≤ 0?
5. Find dy/dt given the following two simultaneous differential equations. y = 2x3 + 12x2 – 36x + 10
2dx/dt – 3dy/dt + x – y = k dx/dt + 2 dy/dt – x = cost A. 220.5 B. 230.5 C. 240.5 D. 250.5
A. 1/5 (3x - y – k - 2cost) C. 1/7 (3x - y – k + 2cost)
B. 1/6 (3x - y + k + 2cost) D. 1/8 (3x - y – 3k + 2cost) 22. What is dy/dx if y = (2x) ?
x

A. (2x)x(1 - ln2x) C. (2x)x(1 + ln2x)

6. Given P = R S T + R S sin2T, what is ∂P/∂R?
3 2 1/2 1/2 B. (2x)x(1 + 2ln2x) D. (x)x(1 + ln2x)
A. R2S2T1/2 - ½ R-1/2S sin2T C. 3R2S2T1/2 + ½ R-1/2S sin2T
B. 2R2S2T1/2 + ¼ R-1/2S sin2T D. 4R2S2T1/2 + ¾ R-1/2S sin2T 23. If f(x, y) = x2y3 + xy4 + sinx + cos2x + sin3y, what is ∂f/∂y?
A. (2x - y)y3 + (1 – 2sinx) cosx C. (2x + y)y3 - (1 – 2sinx) cosx
7. What is the slope of the graph y = -x2 at x = 3? B. (2x + y)y3 + (1 – 2sinx) cosx D. (2x + y)y3 + (1 + 2sinx) cosx
A. -4 B. -5 C. -6 D. -7
æ x2 - 4ö
8. Given the function f(x) = x – 5x + 2, find f’(3), the value of the first derivative at x = 3.
3 24. Evaluate the following limit. lim ç ÷
x®3 ç x - 2 ÷
A. 22 B. 23 C. 24 D. 25 è ø
A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7
9. Find the slope of the tangent to a parabola, y = x2, at point on the curve where x = 1/4.
A. ½ B. 1 C. 2 D. ¾ 25. What are the minimum and maximum values, respectively, of the equation f(x) = 5x – 2x2 + 1 on the interval (-3,
3

3)?
10. What is the slope of the curve y = x2 – 5x at the origin? A. -112, 114 B. -132, 116 C. -152, 118 D. -172, 120
A. -1 B. -3 C. -4 D. -5
26. What is the first derivative, dy/dx, of the following expression? (xy)x = e
11. Find the slope of the line tangent to the curve y = x – 2x + 1 at x = 2.
3
-y
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10 A. (1 + xlnxy) C. 3y (1 - xlnxy)
x x
12. Determine the equation of the line tangent to the graph y = 2x + 1 at the point (2, 3).
2 B. y (1 + xlnxy) D. 3 - y (1 + xlnxy)
A. y = 2x – 10 B. y = 4x – 11 C. y = 6x – 12 D. y = 8x - 13 x x

13. Given y1 = 2x + 3 and y2 = x2 + C, find C such that y2 is tangent to y1.

A. 2 B. 6 C. 4 D. 10

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27. What is the standard form of the equation of the line tangent to a circle centered at the origin with a radius of 5 at 41. The position of the acceleration of the object as a function of time is described by: x = 3t3 + 2t2 – t + 3. What is the
the point (4, 3)? acceleration of the object at t = 2?
4 25 4 25 A. 26 B. 40 C. 41 D. 52
A. y = x + C. y = - x -
3 3 3 3
42. What is the slope of the line tangent to the parabola y = 12x2 + 3 at a point where x = 3?
4 25 25 A. 72 B. 24 C. 120 D. 303
B. y = - x + D. y = - x +
3 3 3
43. The motion of a particle is described by the equation x(t) = 2t3 - 12t2 - 40t + 60, where x is measured in meters
28. Evaluate dy/dx for the following expression. y = e-2x sin3x and t is measured in seconds. Find the velocity when the acceleration of the particle is equal to zero.
A. e-x(3 cos3x – sin x) C. e-3x(3 cos3x – 3sin x) A. -241 m/s B. -64 m/s C. -32.50 m/s D. -85.00 m/s
B. e-2x(3 cos3x – 2sin x) D. e-4x(3 cos3x – 4sin x)
44. The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by the equations x(t) = t3 - 3t2 - 45t + 50 where x is
æ x 2 - πx + sinx ö expressed in feet and t in seconds. Compute the acceleration of the particle at the time in which V(t) = 0.
29. Evaluate the following limit. (x in radians) lim ç ÷ A. 28 ft/s2 B. 6 ft/s2 C. -112 ft/s2 D. 24 ft/s2
x®π ç - sinx ÷
è ø
A. 1.1416 B. 2.1416 C. 3.1416 D. 4.1416 45. What is the slope of the graph y = -x2 at the point (1, 3)?
A. -4 B. -2 C. 1 D. 3
30. What is the partial derivative ∂v/∂x of the following function?
v = 3x2 + 9xy – y/lnz + cos(z2 + x) 46. Find the slope of y = x1.5 + cos x at x = -1
A. 2x + 9y – sin(z2 - x) C. 6x + 9y – sin(z2 + x) A. 1.5j +0.841 B. -1.5 + p C. 1.5j + p D. 1.5
B. 4x + 9y + sin(z2 + x) D. 8x - 9y – sin(z2 + x)
47. Differentiate y = e cosx x 2

31. What is the approximate radius of curvature of the function f(x) at the point A. –ex sinx2 B. ex (cosx2 – 2x sinx2) C. ex cosx2 – 2x sinx2 D. -2ex sin x
(x, y) = (6, 24)? f(x) = x2 + 6x – 96
A. 2329 B. 2529 C. 2729 D. 2929 48. Differentiate y = sec (x + 2)2

A. 2x cos (x2 + 2) B. –cos (x2+ 2) cot(x2 + 2)

32. What is the derivative, dy/dt, of y = sin wt?3 C. 2x sec(x2 + 2) tan (x2 + 2) D. cos (x2 + 2)
A. sin2wt coswt B. 2sin2wt coswt C. 3sin2wt coswt D. 4sin2wt coswt
49. Find the equation of the line tangent to the curve y = x + 2x1/3 at point (8,12)
33. What is the slope of the curve y = 10x – 3x – 1 when it crosses the negative part of the x-axis?
2 A. 7x - 6y + 14 = 0 B. 8x + 5y + 21 = 0 C. 7x - 6y + 16 = 0 D. 3x - 2y - 1 = 0
A. -1 B. -3 C. -5 D. -7
50. Find the radius of curvature of the equation y = 4x - 2x + 3x – 1 at point (2, 5).
3 2

34. What is the derivative, dy/dx, of the expression x3y – e2x = cosy? A. 1573.40 B. 1693.94 C. 1790.03 D. 1808.44
2x 2x
A. 2e - yx 2 C. e - 3 yx 2
x - 27
3

x 3 + siny x 3 + siny 51. Evaluate Lim

2x 2x
x ®3 x -3
B. 2e - 3 yx 2 D. 2e + 3 yx 2 A. 25 B. 27 C. 29 D. 31
x 3 + siny x 3 + siny
52. Compute the following 1 - cos x
Lim
35. Find the derivative of the 3x2 + 7x + 9 x ®0 x2
A. 6x + 7 B. 5x + 4 C. 6x - 2 D. 8x + 2 A. 0 B. 1/4 C. 1/2 D. 1

36. Find the derivative of the (3 – x))/(x - 1)

2
53. Find the partial derivatives with respect to x: 2x - 3xy 2

x 2 + 6x + 1 x 2 - 6x + 1 x 2 - 6x - 1 x 2 - 4x + 1 A. 4x – 3y B. 2x – 5y C. 2x – 3y D. 2x
A. B. C. D.
( x 2 - 1) 2 ( x 2 - 1) 2 ( x 2 - 1) 2 ( x 2 - 1) 2 54. Find the partial derivatives with respect to y: 4y - 5y + 6
2

A. 7x - y B. 8y - 5 C. 6y -12 D. 4y
37. Find the derivative of the 2(x2 - 1)-1
A. -3x/(x2 - 1)2 B. 4x/(x2 - 1)2 C. -x/(x2 - 1)2 D. -4x/(x2 - 1)2
cos x
55. Evaluate: Lim
x® 0 log x
38. Find the derivative of the 3 - 2x 2 A. 1/2 B. 3/4 C. -5/2 D. -1/3
-3x -2x -4x -5x
A. B. C. D.
3 - 2x 2
3 - 2x 2
3 - 2x 2
3 - 2x 2 tan 2x
56. Evaluate: Lim
x®0 tan x
39. At which value of y does the relative minimum occur for the curve y = 2x - x - 24x + 25 3 2
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
A. -19.5 B. -11.35 C. -5.2 D. 37
57. Find the abscissa of points on the graph of y = x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 5 at which tangent line is parallel to the line 2y +
40. At what value of y does the inflection point occur for the curve y = 3x3 - 3x2 - 24x + 25? 8x – 5 = 0.
A. -25 B. 0.33 C. 16.8 D. 32.6 A. {1, -4/3) B. {2, 4/3) C. {-1, -2/3) D. {0, -4/3)

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58. Find the equation of the line through P(3, 1) which are tangent to the graph of xy = 4.
A. 9y +4x + 21 = 0 C. 9y +4x – 32 = 0
B. 9y - 4x – 21 = 0 D. 9y +4x – 21 = 0

59. Find dv/dt if v = (u 4 + 2u 2 + 1) and u = 4t 2 .

A. 16(u7/2 + u3/2) B. 18(u7/2 + u3/2) C. 20(u7/2 + u3/2) D. 22(u7/2 + u3/2)

60. Find the equation of normal line to the graph y = x2 + 1 at point (1, 2).
A. 2y - x – 5 = 0 B. 2y + x – 5 = 0 C. 2y + x – 9 = 0 D. 2y + 4x – 5 = 0

61. Find the first derivative of 3x – 2y + 4 = 2x + 3y – 7x using implicit differentiation.

2

A. 4 x + 10 B. -4x + 20 C. -4 x + 10 D. -3 x + 12
5 3 5 7

62. Find the first derivative of x2 – 2xy + y2 = x using implicit differentiation.

1 1 1
A. 1- B. 1 - C. 4 - D. 1- x
2 x 3 x 2 x

63. Find the abscissa of points of inflection of y = x3 – 2x2 + x + 1.

A. 2/3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4/3

ANSWER KEY:

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C

6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D

11. D 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B

16. A 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. B

21. C 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C

26. A 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. C

31. D 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A

36. B 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. C

41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. B

46. A 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. D

51. B 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D

56. C 57. D 58. B 59. A 60. B

61. C 62. A 63. A

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER TIME RATES
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th
1. A spherical balloon is filled with air at a rate of 1 m3/s. Compute the time rate of change of the surface area of the
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 balloon at the instant the balloon’s volume is 113.1 m3.

MATHEMATICS (INTEGRAL CALCULUS) – DAY 10 2. Water is pouring at a varying rate into a swimming pool that is initially empty. After t hours, there are t + t
liters in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9 h?

3. The radius of a snowball rolling down a hill is increasing at a rate of 20 cm/min. How fast is its volume increasing
I. MAXIMA AND MINIMA when its diameter is 1 m?

To obtain the maximum or minimum value of a certain variable, just differentiate the variable and equate the
derivative to zero. Selected simplified relation of variables to be maximized or minimized with respect to the other
variable.
III. INTEGRAL CALCULUS
II. TIME RATE FORMULAS:
If the value of a certain variable Q is dependent on time t, then dQ is called its time-rate or rate of change with respect
dt Integration of Powers:
to time.
un +1
STEPS IN SOLVING TIME-RATE PROBLEM
ò du = u + C ò a du = au + C, òu
1. 2. 3. n
where a = cons tan t du = + C
n+1
1. Identify the variables and constants to be differentiate with respect to time.
du
2. Differentiate all the variables in the equation with respect to time.
4.
ò [f (u) + g(u)] du = ò f (u) du + ò g(u) du 5.
ò u
= ln u + C

3. Solve the unknown time-rate from 2.

Integration of Exponential Functions and Logarithmic Functions:
Example:
au
òe òa ò ln u du = u ln u - u
u u
Differentiate the given equation with respect to time: x = 2y2 + z3 + cosθ + √ 6. du = eu + C 7. du = +C 8. + C
ln a
Solution: = + − +
√
Integration of Trigonometric Functions:

PROBLEMS: 9.
ò sin u du = - cos u + C 10.
ò cos u du = sin u + C
ò sec u du = tan u + C ò csc u du = - cot u + C
11. 2 12. 2
MAXIMA & MINIMA
1. Find the two positive numbers whose sum is 8 if the product of one number by the cube of the other number is to
13.
ò sec u tan u du = sec u + C 14.
ò csc u cot u du = - csc u + C
be maximum. 15.
ò tan u du = ln sec u + C 16.
ò cot u du = ln sin u + C
2. The cost, C, of an item is a function of the quantity, x, of the item: C(x) = x2 – 4000x + 50. Find the quantity for
which the cost is minimum
17.
ò sec u du = ln ( sec u + tan u) + C 18.
ò csc u du = ln ( csc u - cot u) + C

3. A peach grower estimates that if he picks his crop now, he will obtain 1000 lugs of peaches, which he can sell at
$1.00 per lug. However, he estimates that his crop will increase by an additional 60 lugs of peaches for each
week that he delays picking, but the price will drop at a rate of $0.025 per lug per week. In addition, he will
experience a spoilage rate of approximately 10 lugs for each week he delays. In order to maximize his revenue,
how many weeks should he wait before picking the peaches?

4. Find the number which exceeds its cube by the greatest amount. (Oct. 2006)
A. 0.333 B. 0.5 C. 0.577 D. 0.707

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 PROBLEMS: PROBLEMS:

4 PLANE AREAS BY INTEGRATION

1. Evaluate the following integral.
ò 8 + 2x 2
dx
1. Find the area under the curve y = 1/x between the limits y = 2 and y = 10.
A. 1.61 B. 2.39 C. 3.71 D. 3.97
A. 4 ln 8 + 2x2 + C B. ½ - 6x-3 + C C. tan-1(x/2) + C D. (-4)(8 + 2x2)-2 + C
2. Find the area of the triangle which the line 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 forms with the coordinate axes.
ò cos x
2
2. Evaluate the following indefinite integral. sinx dx A. 2 sq. unit B. 3 sq. unit C. 4 sq. unit D. 5 sq. unit
A. -2/3 sin x + C
3
B. -1/3 cos x + C
3
C. 1/3 sin x + C
3
D. ½ sin x cos x + C
2 2
3. Find the area of the shaded region between y = 6x – 1 and y = ¼ x + 3, bounded by x = 0 and intersection point.

òe
x
3. Find the sin x dx.
A. –e-x(sinx – cosx) + C B. ex(sinx – cosx) + C
C. -1/2 ex(sinx – cosx) + C D. ½ ex (sinx – cosx) + C

IV. PLANE AREAS BY INTEGRATION A. 32/529 B. 16/23 C. 32/23 D. 1440/529

AREA UNDER THE CURVE AND THE AXES: 4. What is the approximate total area bounded by y = sinx and y = 0 over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π? (x is in radians)
A. 0 B. ‫ח‬/2 C. 2 D. 4
A. Using horizontal Strip: B. Using vertical strip:
5. What is the area of the region bounded by the curve y = sinx and the x-axis on the interval between x = π/2 and x
= 2π?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

b b
A=
òa x dy A=
òa y dx

AREA UNDER TWO CURVES:

A. Using vertical strip: B. Using horizontal strip:

b b
òa òa
b b
A= y dx = ( y2 - y1) dx
A=
òa x dy =
òa ( x2 - x1) dy

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
13. What is the area of the region bounded by the curve y = sinx and the x-axis on the interval between x = 0 and x =
2π?
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
x4 + x 2 + 4
MATHEMATICS – INTEGRAL CALCULUS
14. Determine the following indefinite integral.
ò x3
dx
2 2
x 2 x 2
A. + ln x - 2 + C C. - ln x - 2 + C
PROBLEM SET # 10 2 x 4 x
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
x2 2 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE: B. + ln x - 2 + C D. x 2 + ln x + + C
3 x x2
1. A particle moves according to the following functions of time.
x(t) = 4 sint y(t) = 5 cost 15. Find the shaded area between line 1, line 2, and the x-axis. (Refer to Figure 8)
What is the resultant velocity at t = π? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4
2. Water is pouring at a varying rate into a swimming pool that is initially empty. After t hours, there are t + t
16. Evaluate the following integral.
ò 8 + 2x 2
dx
liters in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 16 h? A. tan-1(x/2) + C C. 3tan-1(x/2) + C
A. 1/3 L/h B. 1/4 L/h C. 9/8 L/h D. 7/8 L/h B. 2tan-1(x/2) + C D. 4tan-1(x/2) + C

3. If x increases uniformly at the rate of 0.001 per unit time, at what rate is the expression (1 + x)3 increasing when 17. What is the approximate area bounded by the curves y = 8 – x2 and y = x2?
x becomes 4? A. 19.33 B. 21.33 C. 23.33 D. 25.33
A. 3/40 B. 5/40 C. 7/40 D. 9/40
18. What is the approximate total area bounded by y = sinx and y = 0 over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 3/2 ‫( ?ח‬x is in radians)
4. A spherical balloon is filled with air at a rate of 1 m3/s. Compute the time rate of change of the surface area of the A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
balloon at the instant the balloon’s volume is 268.08 m3.
A. ½ B. ¼ C. 1/3 D. 1/7 19. Find the area bounded by the parabola y = 4 - x2 and the straight line y = 2.
A. 7 2 / 3 B. 8 2 / 3 C. 0 D. 4
5. The cost, C, of an item is a function of the quantity, x, of the item: C(x) = x – 3000x + 50. Find the quantity for
2

which the cost is minimum. 20. If x increases uniformly at the rate of 0.01 feet per second, at what rate is the expression (2 + x)3 increasing
A. 1400 B. 1500 C. 1600 D. 1700 when x becomes 8 feet?
A. 1 cfs B. 2 cfs C. 3 cfs D. 4 cfs
6. The radius of a snowball rolling down a hill is increasing at a rate of 30 cm/min. How fast is its volume increasing
when its diameter is 1 m?
21. A spherical balloon is being filled with a rate of 1.5 cubic foot per second. Compute the time rate of change of the
A. 0.34 m3/min B. 0.54 m3/min C. 0.74 m3/min D. 0.94 m3/min
surface area of the balloon at the instant when its volume is 120 ft3.
A. 0.67 ft2/sec B. 0.98 ft2/s C. 3.0 ft2/sec D. 3.7 ft2/sec
7. A peach grower estimates that if he picks his crop now, he will obtain 1000 lugs of peaches, which he can sell at
$1.00 per lug. However, he estimates that his crop will increase by an additional 60 lugs of peaches for each
22. Find the maximum area of triangle whose perimeter is 36 in.
week that he delays picking, but the price will drop at a rate of $0.030 per lug per week. In addition, he will
A. 23.45 in2 B. 38.03 in2 C. 48.39 in2 D. 62.35 in2
experience a spoilage rate of approximately 10 lugs for each week he delays. In order to maximize his revenue,
how many weeks should he wait before picking the peaches?
23. Find the maximum area of a rectangle whose perimeter is 100 in.
A. 5.67 weeks B. 6.67 weeks C. 7.67 weeks D. 8.67 weeks
A. 525 in2 B. 625 in2 C. 725 in2 D. 825 in2
8. Find the area under the curve y = 1/x between the limits y = 2 and y = 12.
24. If the radius of a circle increases at the rate of 0.1 in/sec, find the rate of change of area when the radius is 4
A. 1.79 B. 2.79 C. 3.79 D. 4.79
inches long.
A. 0.80π B. 1.0π C. 1.20π D. 1.30π
9. Find the area of the shaded region between y = 6x – 1 and y = ¼ x + 3, bounded by x = 0 and intersection point.
A. 1/2 B. 3/2 C. 5/2 D. 7/2
25. Water is flowing into a vertical tank of radius 3 ft at the rate of 8 ft3/min. How fast is the water level rising?
A. 0.109 fpm B. 0.198 fpm C. 0.283 fpm D. 0.398 fpm
10. If it is known that y = 1, what is the constant of integration for the following integral? y(x) = ∫ (e2x – 2x) dx
A. -18.3 B. -19.3 C. -20.3 D. -22.3 26. The sum of two positive numbers is 50. What are the numbers if their product is to be the largest possible?
A. 24 and 26 B. 28 and 22 C. 25 and 25 D. 20 and 30
11. It is known that y(x)passes through the points through the points (0, 2) and (1, 4). Solve for y(x) if the second
derivative is d2y/dx2 = 1. 27. A farmer has enough money to build only 100 meters of fence. What are the dimensions of the field he can
A. y = 1/2(x2 + 3x + 4) C. y = 1/5(x2 + 3x - 4) enclose the maximum area?
B. y = 1/3(x2 - 3x + 4) D. y = 1/7(x2 + 3x + 9) A. 25 m x 25 m B. 15 m x 35 m C. 20 m x 30 m D. 22.5 m x 27.5 m

ò cos x
4
12. Evaluate the following indefinite integral. sinx dx 28. Determine the diameter of a closed cylindrical tank having a volume of 11.3 cu. m to obtain minimum surface
area.
A. -1/3 cos x + C
5
B. -1/5 cos x + C
5
C. -1/7 cos5x + C D. -1/9 cos5x + C A. 1.22 B. 1.64 C. 2.44 D. 2.68

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 44. A balloon is rising over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/s. A and B on the ground level with and 30 ft
29. A balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/sec. A point B on the ground level from A. When the balloon is 40 ft from A, how fast is the angle of elevation changing from B?
with 30 ft from A. When the balloon is 40 ft from A, at what rate is its distance from B changing? A. 0.56 rad/s B. 0.87 rad/s C. 0.076 rad/s D. 0.18 rad/s
A. 13 ft/s B. 15 ft/s C. 12 ft/s D. 10 ft/s
45. Water from the filtering facility is pouring into a swimming pool. After n hours, there are n + square root of n
30. A car starting at 12:00 noon travels west at a speed of 30 khp. Another car starting from the same point at 2:00 gallons in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when n = 16 hours?
PM travels north at 45 kph. Find how fast (kph) the two are separating at 4:00 PM? A. 1/2 gph B. 9/8 gph C. 1 gph D. 7/6 gph
A. 49 B. 51 C. 53 D. 55
46. Find the area bounded by the line 2x - 6y = 12, x-axis and y-axis.
31. The product of two positive numbers is 16. Find the number if the sum of one and square of the other is least. A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
A. 8, 2 B. 8, 5 C. 8, 1 D. 8, 0
47. Find the area between y2 = 4x +12 and x = 3.
32. A balloon whose volume has a rate of change of 2 cfs. Find the rate of change in its radius if surface area is 200 A. 39.19 B. 42.39 C. 46.50 D. 54.20
ft2.
A. 0.01 ft/s B. 0.045 ft/s C. 1.76 ft/s D. 0.097 ft/s 48. Find the area between x2 = -2y + 8 and x-axis.
A. 11.93 B. 12.73 C. 14.23 D. 15.08
33. A particle moves around a curve y = 2x2 + 3x. At what point on the curve are the x and y coordinates of the
particles changing at the same rate? 49. Find the area bounded by y2 = 8x and line x = y.
A. (-1/2, -1) B. (2, -1) C. (-3/2, -3) D. (-3/4, -2) A. 4.03 B. 6.28 C. 8.37 D. 10.67

34. What are the radius, r, and height, h, of a cylindrical oil can that holds 5 liter of oil but must have minimum 50. Find the area bounded by the x-axis, y = x, x = 1 and x = 16.
2

surface area? A. 38 B. 40 C. 42 D. 44
A. r = 5.4 cm; h = 10.8 cm C. r = 9.27 cm; h = 18.53 cm
B. r = 15.9 cm; h = 1256.6 cm D. r = 1.26 cm; h = 20.84 cm 51. Find the area bounded by y = x and y = 2x – 3x.
2 2

A. 9/2 B. 4/5 C. 7/2 D. 5/2

35. Find the integral of
ò 1 - x dx 52. What is the area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x-axis, and the lines x = -2 and x = 1?
A. -3.75 B. 3.75 C. 4.25 D. 9.0
A. -2/3 (1-x)3/2 + C B. 2/3 (1-x)3/2 + C C. -3/2 (1-x)3/2 + C D. -5/3 (1-x)3/2 + C
53. What is the integral of x(x + 1) dx?
x
36. Find the integral of
òx 2
+1
dx A. x3/3 + x + C B. x3/3 + x2/2 C. (x+2)2/2 D. x3/3 + x2/2 + C

A. 1/2 ln(x2+1) B. 1/2 ln(x2+1) + C C. 2 ln(x2+1) + C D. -1/2 ln(x2+1) + C 54. What is the area bounded by y = 0, y = e , x = 0 and x = 1?
x

A. 0.86 B. 1.36 C. 1.72 D. 2.72

37. If f(x) = 3x2/3 – 10, find the arc length of the graph of from the point A(8, 2) to B (27, 17).
A. 24.20 B. 25.20 C. 26.20 D. 27.20 55. Find the area between the axis and the parabola y = x , x = 5 and y = 0.
2

A. 41.67 B. 77.77 C. 32.64 D. 56.92

38. If 8x2 = 27y3, find the arc length of the graph from the point A(1, 2/3) to B (8, 8/3).
A. 6.12 B. 7.29 C. 9.28 D. 12.02 56. Find the area under the curve y = 1/x between the limits y = 2 and y = 10.
A. 1.61 B. 2.39 C. 3.71 D. 3.97
39. If a box with a square base and close top is to have a volume of 4 cubic feet, find the height that require the least
material. 57. Find the maximum area of rectangle circumscribed about a fixed rectangle with length 8 and width 4.
A. 0.587 ft B. 1.587 ft C. 2.587 ft D. 3.587 ft A. 50 B. 64 C. 32 D. 72

40. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a semi-circle of radius 6 in, if two 58. Find the number which is greater to its square by a minimum difference.
vertices lie on the diameter. A. ½ B. 1 C. ¼ D. 1/3
A. 6.48 x 3.24 in B. 2.48 x 7.24 in C. 8.48 x 4.24 in D. 10.48 x 4.24 in
59. Determine the equation of the line through (3, 4) which forms, with the positive x and positive y axes, the triangle
41. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 10 with the least area.
in, if two vertices lie on the diameter. A. 4x + 5y = 32 B. 3x + 4y = 25 C. 4x + 3y = 24 D. 2x + 3y = 18
A. 5” x 4.33” B. 4” x 6.33” C. 9” x 2.33” D. 7” x 3.33”
60. A right triangle has a fixed hypotenuse of 30 cm. And the other two sides allowed to vary. Determine the largest
42. A spherical balloon is being inflated at the rate of 50 cubic feet per minute. At the instant when the radius is 10 possible area of the triangle.
ft, at what rate is the surface area increasing? A. 225 sq. cm. B. 234 sq. cm. C. 243 sq. cm D. 216 sq. cm.
A. 4 ft2/min B. 6 ft2/min C. 8 ft2/min D. 10 ft2/min
61. A rectangle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle with 10 cm sides, such that one sides of the rectangle rests on
43. A kite, at a height of 60 feet, is moving horizontally at a rate of 6 ft/s away from the boy who flies it. How fast is one side of the triangle. Determine the area in sq. cm. of the largest possible inscribed rectangle.
the cord being released when 120 ft are out? A. 21.65 B. 22.73 C. 23.82 D. 19.48
A. 1.2 fps B. 3.2 fps C. 5.2 fps D. 7.2 fps
62. Maximize z = x + y subject x2 + y2 = 25
A. 8.56 B. 7.78 C. 6.43 D. 7.07

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63. Find the maximum area for a standard triangle inscribed in a circle with a radius of 10 units.
A. 100 s.u. B. 12.90 s.u. C. 129.90 s.u. D. 159.90 s.u.

64. A fencing material has a limited length of 60 ft. What is the largest triangular area that can be fenced in?
A. 190.53 sq. ft B. 181.87 sq. ft C. 173.21 sq. ft D. 164.74 sq. ft

65. A triangle has variable sides x, y, and z subject to the constraint that the perimeter P is 18 cm. What is the
maximum possible area for the triangle?
A. 15.59 sq. cm B. 18.71 sq. cm C. 14.03 sq. cm D. 17.15 sq. cm

ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B

6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D

11. A 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C

16. A 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C

21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C

26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B

31. A 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. A

36. B 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. C

41. A 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. B

46. B 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. C

51. A 52. C 53. D 54. C 55. A

56. A 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. A

61. A 62. D 63. C 64. C 65. A

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
2. In the following differential equation with the initial condition x(0) = 12, what is the value of x(2)? dx/dt + 4x = 0
A. 3.35 x 10-4 B. 4.03 x 10-4 C. 3.35 D. 6.04
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th

Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438

MATHEMATICS (DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS) – DAY 11 III. HOMOGENOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

A type of differential equation in which all the terms has the same degree.

I. VOLUME OF SOLID OF REVOLUTION Solution: Let y = vx and dy = v dx + x dv

1. Disk Method The substitution will make the equation variable separable.

ò
V = p r 2 dh
PROBLEMS:
1. Find the general solution of (y2 - xy) dx + x2 dy = 0

IV. EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

2. Ring Method A type of differential equation which has form of

ò ( ) dh M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy = 0
2 2
V = p ro - r ii

Rearrange the given equation and apply the special for of derivatives:

d (uv ) = u dv + v du

æuö v du - u dv
dç ÷ =
PROBLEMS: èvø v2
VOLUMES OF SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION
1. What is the volume of revolution from x = 0 to x = 3/2 when the function f(x) = 2x2 is revolved around the y-axis? PROBLEMS:
A. 3π/2 B. 27π/16 C. 35π/16 D. 81π/16
1. Find the general solution of (2x + y) dx + x dy = 0

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
V. HOMOGENEOUS EQUATION WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS
II. VARIABLE SEPARABLE d2 y dy
Given: +A + By = 0 or (D2 + AD + B)y = 0 or y"+ Ay '+By = 0
A type of differential equation in which the given equation can be put in the form dx 2 dx

M(x) dx + N(y) dy = 0 Can be converted into m2 + Am + B = 0 (Quadratic Equation)

that is, the variables can be separated by applying the integration in both sides. Applying Discriminant:

A. If the roots are real and unequal

General Solution: y = C1 em1x + C2 em2x
PROBLEMS:
B. If the roots are equal
1. Determine the constant of integration for the separable differential equation xdx + 6y5dy = 0. It is known that x = General Solution: y = C1 emx + C2 x emx
0 when y = 2.
A. 12 B. 16 C. 24 D. 64

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 C. If the roots are imaginary: (a ± bi)
General Solution: y = eax (C1 cosbx + C2 sin bx)

PROBLEMS:
1. Determine the solution of the following differential equation. y’ + 5y = 0
A. y = 5x + C B. y = Ce-5x C. y = Ce5x D. A or B

2. Find the differential equation of y” - y’ - 2y = 0.

3. What is the general solution to the following differential equation? y” – 8y’ + 16y = 0
A. y = C1e4x C. y = C1e-4x + C2e4x
B. y = (C1 + C2x)e4x D. y = C1e2x + C2e4x

4. What is the correct general solution for the following differential equation? d2y/dx2 + 2dy/dx + 2y = 0
A. y = C1sinx - C2cosx C. y = C1cosx + C2sinx
B. y = C1cosx - C2sinx D. y = e-x(C1 cosx + C2sinx)

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
14. What is the correct general solution for the following differential equation?
d2y/dx2 - 4dy/dx + 13y = 0
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. y = e2x(C1 cosx + C2sinx) C. y = e2x(C1 cos3x + C2sin3x)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 B. y = e2x(C1 cos2x + C2sin2x) D. y = e2x(C1 cos4x + C2sin4x)

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 20

15. Refer to the transform function L(s). What is the partial fraction expansion of L(s)? L(s) =
s(s + 5)
PROBLEM SET # 11 4
A. 4 - 2 4
C. -
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. s s + 5 s s + 5
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
B. 4 + 4 D. 3 - 4
1. What is the volume of revolution from x = 0 to x = 3/2 when the function f(x) = 2x2 is revolved around the y-axis? s s + 5 s s + 5
A. 56π/16 B. 62π/16 C. 73π/16 D. 81π/16
dy
16. Find the general solution of the following differential equation. (x 2 - 7) = xy
2. What is a solution of the first-order difference equation y(k + 1) = y(k) + 5? dx
A. y(k) = 4 – 5/k C. y(k) = 5k + (1 – 5k)/-4
B. y(k) = C – k, where C is a constant D. y(k) = 20 + 5k A. y = C x 2 - 1 C. y = C x 2 - 5

B. y = C x 2 - 3 D. y = C x 2 - 7
3. What is the solution of the linear difference equation y(k + 1) = 15y(k)?
A. y(k) = 15/(1 + 15k) C. y(k) = C + 15k, where C is constant
B. y(k) = 15k/16 D. y(k) = 15k 17. What is the general solution of the following differential equation? d2x/dt2 + 9y = 0
A. y = sinx + cosx + C C. y = sin3x + cos3x + C
4. Determine the solution of the following differential equation. y’ + 6y = 0 B. y = sin2x + cos2x + C D. y = sin4x + cos4x + C
A. y = Ce-3x B. y = Ce-4x C. y = Ce-5x D. y = Ce-6x
18. Find the volume generated by revolving about x –axis the area bounded by the following curves. y = x2 and y =
5. What is the general solution of the following differential equation? d x/dt + 9y = 0
2 2 2x.
A. y = sinx + cosx + C C. y = sin3x + cos3x + C A. 64/15 π B. 5/8 π C. 12/5 π D. 3π
B. y = sin2x + cos2x + C D. y = sin4x + cos4x + C
19. Find the volume generated by revolving about x –axis the area bounded by the following curves. y = x3, y = 0
6. In the following differential equation with the initial condition x(0) = 12, what is the value of x(3)? dx/dt + 4x = 0 and x = 2.
A. 1.37 x 10-5 B. 3.37 x 10-5 C. 5.37 x 10-5 D. 7.37 x 10-5 A. 1/5 π B. 120 p C. 128 p D. 128 p
7 7 13
7. A curve passes through the point (2,1). Determine the absolute value of the slope of the curve at x = 25 if the
differential equation of the curve is the exact equation y2dx + 2xydy = 0. 20. Find the volume generated by revolving about y –axis the area bounded by the following curves. y = x2 and y = x.
A. 1/125 B. 3/125 C. 5/125 D. 16/125 A. 1/6 π B. 1/8 π C. 1/7 π D. 1/9 π

8. Determine the constant of integration for the separable differential equation xdx + 6y5dy = 0. It is known that x = 21. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the area bounded by the curve y = 1 – x2 and the x-axis
0 when y = 3. about x = 1.
A. 719 B. 729 C. 739 D. 749 A. 10π/3 B. 9 π/2 C. 8 π/3 D. 11 π/3

9. What is the general solution to the following differential equation? y” – 6y’ + 9y = 0 22. A rectangle of sides a and b. Find the volume of the solid generated when the rectangle is rotated on side b.
A. y = (C1 + C2x)e3x C. y = 3(C1 + C2x)e3x A. πa2b B. πab C. πa2b/2 D. πab2/2
B. y = 2(C1 + C2x)e3x D. y = 4C1 + C2x)e3x
23. Find the volume generated by revolving about the x axis the area bounded by y = 2x + 1, y = 0, x = 1, and x = 2.
10. Find dy/dx for the parametric equations given. A. 42π/3 B. 49 π/3 C. 36 π/5 D. 89 π/4
x = 2t2 – t y = t3 – 4t + 1
A. (3t2 – 2)/(4t – 1) C. (3t2 – 6)/(4t – 1) 24. Compute the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by y = x3, y = 8 – x2 and the y axis
B. (3t – 4)/(4t – 1)
2
D. (3t2 – 8)/(4t – 1) about the x axis.
A. 250 π/3 B. 256 π/3 C. 56 π D. 80 π
11. What is the general solution to the following second-order differential equation if A and B are constants?
y” + 16y = 0 25. An ellipse with major axis 16 and minor axis 8 is revolved about its major axis. Find the volume of the solid
A. y = Acosx + Bsinx C. y = Acos3x + Bsin3x generated.
B. y = Acos2x + Bsin2x D. y = Acos4x + Bsin4x A. 512π/3 B. 1125 π/3 C. 1024 π/3 D. 1058 π/3

12. Which of the following is the general solution to the differential equation and boundary conditions? 26. Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed by rotating the region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and the
dy/dt - 5y = 0 y(0) = 4 lines y = 0 and x = 2 about the x axis.
A. 4et B. 4e3t C. 4e5t D. 4e7t A. 15pi B. 35/2 pi C. 32/5 pi D. 20 pi

13. Solve the following differential equation. 27. Find the volume obtained if the region bounded by y = x2 and y = 2x is rotated about the x axis.
y" + 4y' + 4y = 0 y(0) = 1 y'(0) = 2 A. 7 pi B. 64/15 pi C. 5 pi D. 20 pi
A. y = (1 + 3x)e-2x B. y = (1 + 4x)e-2x C. y = (1 + 5x)e-2x D. y = (1 + 6x)e -2x

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28. A circle with a radius of 10 cm is revolved about a line tangent to it. Find the volume generated. 46. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves x2 – y2 = C.
A. 19,739 cm3 B. 17,834 cm3 C. 15,250 cm3 D. 18,235 cm3 Ans. y = k/x

29. Find the volume generated by revolving about x –axis the area bounded by the following curves. y = x3, y = 0 47. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves y2 = Cx.
and x = 2. Ans. 2x2 + y2 = k
120 128 128
A. 1/5 π B. p C. p D. p 48. Find the general solution of y” + y’ – 6y = 0
7 7 13 Ans. y = C1e-3x + C2e2x
30. Solve the differential equation dy – xdx = 0 if the curve passes through (1, 0).
49. Find the general solution of y” + 6y’ + 9 = 0
A. 3x2 + 2y – 3 = 0 B. 2y + x2 – 1 = 0
Ans. y = C1e-3x + C2 x e-3x
C. x2 – 2y – 1 = 0 D. 2x2 + 2y – 2 = 0
50. Find the general solution of y” – 3y’ = 0
31. Solve the differential equation d2x/dt2 + 4x = 0. With initial condition x(0) = 10x, x(0) = 0
Ans. y = C1e3x + C2
A. x(t) = 10 cos2t C. x(t) = 10 cos2t
B. x(t) = 10 cost + 10sint D. x(t) = 10 sin 2t

32. Solve the differential equation: x(y + 1)dx + (x2 – 1)dy = 0. If y = 2 when x = 2, determine y when x = 4.
A. 0.376 B. 0.311 C. 0.282 D. 0.342
ANSWER KEY:
33. Solve for the general solution of the general equations: (D2 + 100) y = 0
Where D is the differential operator d/dx. When x = 0.1, determine y in terms of the constant of integration.
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. C
A. 0.841C1 + 0.594C2 B. 0.925C1 + 0.594C2
C. 0.841C1 - 0.540C2 D. 0.925C1 + 0.540C2 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B

34. dy = x dx. What is the equation of y in terms of x if the curve passes through (1, 1).
2
11. D 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. C
A. x2 – 3y + 3 = 0 B. x3 – 3y + 2 = 0
C. x3 + 3y2 + 2 = 0 D. 2y + x + 2 = 0 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. A
35. Determine the solution of the following differential equation. y’ + 6y = 0
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A
A. y = Ce-3x B. y = Ce-4x C. y = Ce-5x D. y = Ce-6x

36. Find the general solution of y” – 2y’ + 5y = 0 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C
Ans. y = ex (C1 cos2x + C2 sin2x)
31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D
37. Find the particular solution of y’ = 2x which satisfies the condition that y = 5 if x = 2.
Ans. y = x2 + 1

38. Solve the differential equation 2xy + 6x + (x2 – 4) y’ = 0.

Ans. (x2 – 4)(y + 3) = C

39. Solve the differential equation y = C1 ex + C2 e2x

Ans. y” – 3y’ + 2y = 0

40. Solve the differential equation y = C e-3x

Ans. y’ + 3y = 0

41. Solve the differential equation x dy - y dx.

Ans. y = Cx

42. Solve the differential equation 2ydx + (xy + 5x)dy = 0.

Ans. x2 y5 ey = C

43. Solve the differential equation (3x2y - 2y3 + 3) dx + (x3 – 6xy2 + 2y) dy = 0
Ans. x3 y - 2xy3 + 3x + y2 = C

44. Solve the differential equation (x + 3y) dx + x dy = 0.

Ans. x4 (1 + 4yx-1) = C

45. Solve the differential equation y’ + 2y = e2x.

Ans. y = (1/4)e2x + Ce-2x

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER III. COMPOUND INTEREST
Cebu Main: 4th floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
Compound interest is the interest earned by the principal which is added to the principal will also earned interest for
the succeeding period.
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (ECONOMICS) - DAY 12
Cash Flow diagram - a graphical presentation of cash flow drawn on a time scale.

Formulas:
I. SIMPLE INTEREST
1. F = P(1 + i)n
Interest - is the money paid for the use of borrowed capital.
Simple interest - is the interest to be paid which is proportional to the length of time the principal is used. F
2. P
(1 i) n
Formulas:
1. I = Pin
3. i n F
1
2. F = P + I P

3. F = P(1 + in) ln t
4. n
ln (1 i)
where: I = interest
P = principal F = future amount
n = no. of years i = rate of interest per year 5. No. of years = n/m

Note: where: t = F/P

For Ordinary interest: 1 yr = 360 days n = number of periods = (no. of years)(m)
For Exact interest: 1 yr = 365 days i = interest rate per period = in/m
For leap year (exact interest) 1 yr = 366 days
5. Compound Interest = amount earned = F - P
Actual number of days per month:
6. (1 + i)n = single payment compound amount factor
January = 31 July = 31
February = 28 (if not leap year) August = 31 7. (1+i)-n = single payment present worth factor
= 29 (for leap year) September = 30
March = 31 October = 31 where: F = future amount
April = 30 November = 30 P = principal or capital
May = 31 December = 31 in = nominal interest rate
June = 30
m = no. of periods per year
m = 1 (annual) m = 2 (semi-annual) m = 4 (quarterly)
m = 6 (bi-monthly) m = 12 (monthly) m = 365 (daily)
II. DISCOUNT

Discount - is the difference between the future worth and the principal amount.
IV. NOMINAL AND EFFECTIVE RATE OF INTEREST
1. Discount = O – A 2. Discount Rate O A
O 1. ie = effective interest rate
where: O = original amount A = actual amount after the discount in m
ie = (1 i)m 1 = (1 ) 1
PROBLEMS: m

2. ie annual = ie semi-annual = ie quarterly = ie bi-monthly = ie monthly = ie daily

1. Determine the exact simple interest on P5,500.00 for the period from January 10,1996 to October 28,1996 at 11%
interest.

2. Cleofatra borrowed P2,000.00 from a bank and agreed to pay the loan at the end of one year. The bank
discounted the loan and give P1950 in cash. Determine the rate of discount.
A. 3.75% B. 3.12% C. 2.5% D. 1.2%

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V. CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING EFFECTIVE INTEREST
That is if m approaches infinity (m → ∞)
1. What is the effective rate equivalent of 16% compounded quarterly?
1. Future Worth: F = Pein A. 12.55% B. 11.55% C. 12.98% D. 13%

2. A bank is advertising 9% accounts that yield 9.344% annually. How often is the interest compounded?
2. Present Worth: P = Fe-in A. daily B. monthly C. bimonthly D. quarterly
where: e = 2.718

3. Effective interest rate, ie ie = ein - 1

CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING AND DECREASING VALUE
1. An amount of P25,000.00 is invested at 4.5% continuous compounding. Find the amount after 10 years.
VI. DECREASING VALUE 2. Suppose a car presently worth $8200 depreciates 20% per year. About how much will it be worth 2 years and 3
months from now?
F = P(1 - i)n

BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
VII. BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS
1. A steel drum manufacturer incurs a yearly fixed operating cost of $220,000. Each drum manufactured costs $150
A. To Break Even, to produce and sells for $200. What is the manufacturer’s break-even sales volume in drums per year?

Total Income = Total Expenses 2. A gourmet ice cream store has fixed expenses (rent, utilities, etc) of $50,000/year. Its two full-time employees
each $25,000 per year. There is also a part-time employee who makes $14,000 plus $6000 in overtime if sales
B. Income = Variable cost + Fixed cost reach $120,000 in a year. The ice cream costs $4/L to produce and sells for $7/L. What is the minimum number
of liters the store must sell to break-even?
C. Profit = Income – (Variable cost + Fixed cost)

D. Loss = (Variable cost + Fixed cost) – Income

PROBLEMS:

COMPOUND INTEREST PROBLEMS

1. $5000 is put into an empty savings account with a nominal interest rate of 5%. No other contributions are made
to the account. With monthly compounding, how much interest will have been earned after five years?

2. Fifteen years ago, $1000 was deposited in a bank account, and today it is worth $2370. The bank pays interest
semi-annually. What was the nominal annual interest rate paid on this account?

3. You deposit $1800 into a 9% account today. At the end of two years, you will deposit another $3000. In five years,
you plan a $4000 purchase. How much is left in the account one year after the purchase?

4. An investment currently costs $28,000. If the current inflation rate is 6% and the effective annual return on
investment is 10%, approximately how long will it take for the investment’s future value to reach $40,000?

5. Michael owes P25,000 due in 1 year and P75,000 due in 4 years. He agrees to pay P50,000 today and the balance
in 2 years. How much must he pay at the end of two years if money is worth 5% compounded semi-annually?

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
14. $6000 is put into an empty savings account with a nominal interest rate of 5%. No other contributions are made
to the account. With monthly compounding, how much interest will have been earned after five years?
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. $1700 B. $1800 C. $1900 D. $2000
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
15. A warehouse building was purchased 10 years ago for $300,000. Since then, the effective annual interest rate
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS has been 8%, inflation has been steady at 2.5%, and the building has had no deterioration or decrease in utility.
What should the warehouse sell for today?
A. $809,082 B. $829,082 C. $849,082 D. $869,082
PROBLEM SET # 12 16. A gourmet ice cream store has fixed expenses (rent, utilities, etc) of $50,000/year. Its two full-time employees
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. each $25,000 per year. There is also a part-time employee who makes $14,000 plus $6000 in overtime if sales
MULTIPLE CHOICE: reach $120,000 in a year. The ice cream costs $4/L to produce and sells for $8/L. What is the minimum number
of liters the store must sell to break-even?
1. What is most nearly the present worth of a $100 annuity over a 10 yr period if the interest rate is 10%. A. 30,700 L B. 30,800 L C. 30,900 L D. 30,000 L
A. $314.46 B. $414.46 C. $514.46 D. $614.46
17. A steel drum manufacturer incurs a yearly fixed operating cost of $200,000. Each drum manufactured costs $160
2. What is the present worth of two $100 payments at the end of the fifth and sixth years if the annual interest rate to produce and sells for $220. What is the manufacturer’s break-even sales volume in drums per year?
is 8%? A. 3034 B. 3134 C. 3234 D. 3334
A. $131.07 B. $141.07 C. $151.07 D. $161.07
18. XYZ Corporation manufactures bookcases that it sells for $70 each. It cost XYZ $35,000/yr to operate its plant.
3. At an annual rate of return of 8%, what is the future worth of $100 at the end of year 7? This sum includes rent, depreciation charges on equipment, and salary payments. If the cost to produce one
A. $141.38 B. $151.38 C. $161.38 D. $171.38 bookcase is $50, how many bookcases must be sold each year for XYZ to avoid taking a loss?
A. 1650 bookcase/yr C. 1850 bookcase/yr
4. A person invests $1200 to be collected in 8 yr. Given the interest rate on the investment is 14.5%/yr, B. 1750 bookcase/yr D. 1950 bookcase/yr
compounded annually, most nearly what sum will be collected 8 yr from now?
A. $3,445 B. $3,545 C. $3,645 D. $3,745 19. A manufacturing firm maintains one assembly line to produce signal generators. Weekly demand for the
generators is 25 units, and the line operates for 7 h/d, 5 d/wk. What is the maximum production time per unit
5. $1000 is deposited into a 9% account today. At the end of 2 yr, another $3000 will be deposited. In 5 year, a required of the line in order to meet demand?
$5000 purchase will be made. Approximately how much will be left in the account 1 yr after the purchase? A. 1.00 h/unit B. 1.20 h/unit C. 1.30 h/unit D. 1.40 h/unit
A. $442 B. $452 C. $462 D. $472
20. In determining the cost involved in fabricating subassembly B within XYZ Corporation, the following data have
6. A firm borrows $2000 for 6 yr at 8%, to be repaid in a lump sum at the end of 6 yr. At the end of 6 yr, the firm been gathered.
renews the loan for the amount due plus $3000 more for 2 yr at 8%. What is most nearly the amount of the loan Xyz’s costs of manufacturing subassembly B
renewal? item cost
A. $6673 B. $6773 C. $6873 D. $6973 _______________ ____________
Direct material $0.50/unit
7. What is most nearly the effective annual interest rate on a loan if the nominal interest rate is 16%/yr compounded Direct labor $0.50/unit
quarterly? Tooling setup $500/setup
A. 16.56% B. 16.62% C. 16.98% D. 17.23% It is decided to subcontract the manufacturing of subassembly B to an outside company. For an order of 100 units,
which one of the following unit price bids from outside companies is unacceptable to XYZ Corporation?
8. A person pays interest on a loan semi-annually at a nominal annual interest rate of 20%. What is most nearly the A. $5.70/unit B. $6.70/unit C. $7.70/unit D. $8.70/unit
effective annual interest rate?
A. 20.34% B. 21.00% C. 19.34% D. 20.67% 21. Suppose you want exactly $3000 in the previous investment account at the end of the seventh year. By using the
sinking fund factor, you could calculate the necessary annual amount you would need to deposit.
9. A bank is advertising 10% accounts that yield 10.516% annually. How often is the interest compounded? A. $317.41 B. $337.41 C. $357.41 D. $377.41
A. daily B. monthly C. bimonthly D. quarterly
22. If a credit union pays 6% interest compounded quarterly, what is the effective annual interest rate?
10. Consider a deposit of $1000, to be paid back in 1 yr by $1125. What are the conditions on the rate of interest, i, A. 5.136% B. 6.136% C. 7.136% D. 6.636%
in %/yr compounded annually, such that the net present worth of the investment is positive? Assume i ≥ 0%.
A. 0% ≤ i < 50% B. 0% ≤ i < 90% 23. If the nominal interest rate is 3% of 5000, how much worth in 15 years in a continuously compounded account?
C. 12.5% ≤ i < 100% D. There are no conditions on i that will make this possible. A. $7542 B. $7642 C. $7742 D. $7842
11. Consider a deposit of $600, to be paid back in 1 yr by $750. What are the conditions on the rate of interest, i, in 24. If the interest rate on an account is 16% compounded yearly, approximately how many years will it take to triple
%/yr compounded annually, such that the net present worth of the investment is positive? Assume i ≥ 0%. the amount?
A. 12.5% ≤ i < 14.3% B. 0% ≤ i < 14.3% C. 0% ≤ i < 25% D. 16.7% ≤ i < 100% A. 7.4 years B. 8.4 years C. 9.4 years D. 10.4 years
12. Approximately how many years will it take to double an investment at a 8% effective annual rate? 25. Fifteen years ago, $1000 was deposited in a bank account, and today it is worth $3000. The bank pays interest
A. 4 years B. 7 years C. 15 years D. 9 years semi-annually. What was the nominal annual interest rate paid on this account?
A. 5.46% B. 7.46% C. 8.46% D. 9.46%
13. An individual contributes $200 per month to a 401(k) retirement account. The account earns interest at a nominal
annual interest rate of 12%, with interest being credited monthly. What is the value of the account after 35 years? 26. If you invest $30,000 at 8% interest compounded annually, approximately how much money will be in the
A. $1,586,191 B. $1,486,191 C. $1,386,191 D. $1,286,191 account at the end of 10 years?
A. $60,768 B. $62,768 C. $64,768 D. $66,768

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27. A 30-year-old consulting engineer wants to set up a retirement fund to be used starting at age 65. $20,000 is 43. The company wanted to receive P500,000 6 years from now. Considering an interest of 14% compounded
invested now at 6% compounded annually. Approximately how much money will be in the fund at retirement? semi-annually, find the amount must be deposited in the bank to receive the amount after 6 years.
A. $153,122 B. $153,322 C. $153,522 D. $153,722 A. P249,058 B. P222,006 C. P260,405 D. P279,197

28. You deposited $15,000 in a savings account five years ago. The account has earned 5.25% interest 44. P60,000 is invested in a bank at 8% compounded monthly for 8 years. Find the amount earned of the
compounded continuously since then. How much money is in the account today? investment.
A. $17,503 B. $18,503 C. $19,503 D. $20,503 A. P75,038 B. P79,964.78 C. P53,547.43 D. P93,048.34

29. A young engineer wants to surprise husband with a European vacation for their tenth anniversary, which is five 45. An employee deposited an amount of P200,000 after his retirement 10 years ago. The money now is worth
years away. She determines that the trip will cost $7000. Assuming an interest rate of 5.50% compounded daily, P1,000,000. Find the annual interest did he receive.
approximately how much money does she need to deposit today for the trip? A. 21.93% B. 17.46% C. 25.89% D. 27.04%
A. $5,156 B. $5,356 C. $5,556 D. $5,756
46. If P8000 shall accumulate for 10 years at 12% compounded quarterly. Find the compound interest at the end of
30. A deposit of $1000 is made in the bank account that pays 8% interest compounded annually. Approximately how 10 years.
will be in the account after 20 years? A. P8456.28 B. P9456.28 C. P18,096.30 D. P11,456.28
A. $4261 B. $4461 C. $4661 D. $4861
47. A sum of P5,000 is invested now and left for 6 years, at which time the principal is withdrawn. The interest that
31. A deposit of $1000 is made in a bank account that pays 20% interest per year compounded quarterly. has accrued is left for another 6 years. If the effective annual interest rate is 8%, what will be the withdrawal
Approximately how much money will be in the account after 10 years? amount at the end of the 12th year?
A. $7,040 B. $7,140 C. $7,240 D. $7,340 A. P706.00 B. P4,656.48 C. P1774.00 D. P5,211.13

32. A what rate of annual interest will an investment quadruple itself in 10 years? 48. P3,500.00 was deposited in a bank account, 15 years ago. Today it is worth P10,000.00. Interest is paid semi-
A. 10.87% B. 12.87% C. 14.87% D. 16.87% annually. Determine the interest rate paid on this account?
A. 3.67% B. 5.90% C. 7.12% D. 4%
33. Twenty thousand dollars is invested today. If the annual inflation rate is 6% and the effective annual return on
investment is 12%, what will be the approximate future value of the investment, adjusted for inflation, in five 49. If the nominal interest rate is 6%, how much is P10,000 worth in 12 years in a continuous compounded account?
years? A. P20,544 B. P6750.00 C. P7288.47 D. P6350.00
A. $43,168 B. $45,168 C. $47,168 D. $49,168
50. You are given the option to borrow P5,000 you need for one year. Which of this will you pay lesser interest? To
34. An investment currently costs $28,000. If the current inflation rate is 6% and the effective annual return on borrow from a friend at an interest rate of 1.5% month or a loan from a bank at a rate of 18% per year?
investment is 10%, approximately how long will it take for the investment’s future value to reach $60,000? A. You will pay P78.09 more than if you borrow from a bank
A. 1.96 years B. 3.96 years C. 4.96 years D. 8.96 years B. You will pay P78.09 less than if you borrow from a bank
C. You will save P43.20 from borrowing from your friend.
35. The annual maintenance cost of a machine shop is $10,000. The cost of making a forging is $2.00, and the D. Borrowing from a bank will give P34.23 less in interest
selling price is $4.00. How many forgings should be produced each year in order to break-even?
A. 4900 B. 5000 C. 5100 D. 5200 51. Find the compound amount and interest if P4,500 is invested at 12% compounded quarterly for 5 years and 9
months.
36. The amount of machine worth P2600.00 is borrowed 16% simple interest. Find the amount after 10 months. A. P7,200 B. P8881.14 C. P3,864.95 D. P5934.79
A. P1600.42 B. P1790.34 C. P1487.23 D. P2946.67
52. Mr. Ayala borrows P1000. In 4 years, the money become P2,500.00 compounded bimonthly. Find the nominal
37. Find the future amount of P25,000 after 4 years if simple interest rate is 14%. interest.
A. P29,500 B. P39,600 C. P29,700 D. P29,800 A. 12.62% B. 14.64% C. 23.35% D. 15%

38. A man borrowed P30,000 from Jan 18, 2004 to November 3, 2004 with 12% simple interest. Find the exact 53. Find the effective interest of 4% quarterly.
interest. A. 10.29% B. 12.55% C. 14.03% D. 16.98%
A. P2,852.46 B. P3,093 C. P5,083 D. P7,826
54. A machine has a compound interest of 3,000 when invested at 14% compounded bi-monthly after 12 years. Find
39. A mother borrowed money from a bank with 22% simple interest. The interest is automatically deducted from the the present amount of the investment.
principal at the time the money is released. Find the actual interest did charged to him after 1 year. A. 703.73 B. 1572.03 C. 7634.56 D. 2937.45
A. 12.97% B. 14.82% C. 28.21% D. 18.37%
55. A sum of money is deposited now in a savings account. The effective annual interest rate is 12% and interest is
40. A man borrowed P300,000 from a bank and agreed to pay the loan at the end of a months. The bank discount compound monthly. How much money must be deposited to yield P8000.00 at the end of 11 months?
the loan and give him 250,000. What is the rate of discount? A. P153.00 B. P446.00 C. P6547.79 D. P7210.63
A. 20.67% B. 16.67% C. 28% D. 30%
56. Find the nominal rate which if converted semi-annually could be used instead of 12% compounded bi- monthly.
41. A machine has a selling price of P400,000 after given 15% discount. Find the original amount. A. 10.58% B. 11.28% C. 9.38% D. 12.24%
A. P325,000 B. P350,000 C. P375,000 D. P470,588
57. In how many years will an amount triple itself if invested at 10% compounded annually?
42. P20,000 is borrowed at 12% compounded quarterly for 8 years. Find the amount after 8 years. A. 9.69 B. 11.52 C. 13.05 D. 15.34
A. P51,502 B. P71,208 C. P76,304 D. P80,395
58. In how many years will an amount quadruple itself if interest is 14% compounded quarterly?
A. 6.93 yrs B. 10.07 yrs C. 8.84 yrs D. 11.28 yrs

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 73. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
59. When will an investment of P20,000.00 double if the effective rate is 4% per month? A. A nominal rate of 12% per annum compounded quarterly is the same as 12%/4 = 3%/quarter.
A. 1.47 B. 9.0 C. 6.5 D. 10.2 B. $1 compounded quarterly at 3% for n yr has a future value of (1.03)4n.
C. Compounding quarterly at a nominal rate of 12%/yr is equivalent to compounding annually at a rate of
60. A student deposits P5,000.00 in a 10% account today. He intends to deposit another P10,000.00 at the end of 12.55%.
three years. He plans to purchase in 10 years a machine worth P20,000.00. Calculate the money that will be D. Effective rate of return in options (A), (B), and (C) is the difference between 12.55% and 12%.
left in his account 4 years year after the purchase.
A. P18,237 B. P10,912 C. P21,250 D. P1,260.00 74. A bank is advertising 9.5% accounts that yield 9.84% annually. How often is the interest compounded?
A. daily B. monthly C. bimonthly D. quarterly
61. A machine costs P30,000 today. If inflation rate is 12% per year and interest is 16% per year, what will be the
appropriate future value of the machine, adjusted for inflation, in 10 years? 75. Consider a deposit of $1000, to be paid back in 1 yr by $975. What are the conditions on the rate of interest, i, in
A. P306,300.00 B. P411,037.00 C. P289,500.00 D. P183,443.17 %/yr compounded annually, such that the net present worth of the investment is positive? Assume i ≥ 0%.
A. 0% ≤ i < 50%
62. A product has a current selling price of P1500.00. If its selling price is expected to decline at the rate of 12% per B. 0% ≤ i < 90%
annum because of obsolescence, what will be its selling price 8 years hence? C. 12.5% ≤ i < 100%
A. P425.15 B. P202.75 C. P302.75 D. P539.45 D. There are no conditions on I that will make this possible.

63. A company which manufactures electric motors has a production capacity of 250 motors a month. The variable 76. Consider a deposit of $600, to be paid back in 1 yr by $700. What are the conditions on the rate of interest, i, in
costs are P150.00 per motor. The average selling price of the motor is P250.00. Fixed costs of the company %/yr compounded annually, such that the net present worth of the investment is positive? Assume i ≥ 0%.
amount to P20,000.00 per month which includes taxes. The number of motors that must be sold each month to A. 12.5% ≤ i < 14.3% C. 0% ≤ i < 16.7%
break-even is closed to: B. 0% ≤ i < 14.3% D. 16.7% ≤ i < 100%
A. 40 B. 150 C. 200 D. 160
77. A steel drum manufacturer incurs a yearly fixed operating cost of $200,000. Each drum manufactured costs $160
64. A factory is running 80% efficiency with a fixed cost of P80,000.00, variable cost per unit of P130.00, selling price to produce and sells for $200. What is the manufacturer’s break-even sales volume in drums per year?
per unit of P400.00, and production capacity of 4000 units. What is the current profit of the factory if all products A. 1000 B. 1250 C. 2500 D. 5000
manufactured are sold?
A. P1,352,000.00 B. P430,000.00 C. P1,066,000.00 D. P784,000

65. XYZ Corporation manufactures bookcases that it sells for P60.00 each. It cost XYZ P35,000 per year to operate
its plant. The sum includes rent, depreciation charges on equipment, and salary payments. If the cost to
produce one bookcase is P50.00, how many cases must be sold each year for XYZ to avoid taking a loss?
A. 2334 cases B. 539 cases C. 3500 cases D. 2333 cases

66. At an annual rate of return of 8%, what is the future worth of $100 at the end of year 4?
A. $130 B. $132 C. $135 D. $136

67. A person invests $450 to be collected in 8 yr. Given the interest rate on the investment is 14.5%/yr, compounded
annually, most nearly what sum will be collected 8 yr from now?
A. $1050 B. $1130 C. $1240 D. $1330

68. $1000 is deposited into a 9% account today. At the end of 2 yr, another $3000 will be deposited. In 5 year, a
$4000 purchase will be made. Approximately how much will be left in the account 1 yr after the purchase?
A. $1230 B. $1420 C. $1540 D. $1690

69. A firm borrows $2000 for 6 yr at 8%, to be repaid in a lump sum at the end of 6 yr. At the end of 6 yr, the firm
renews the loan for the amount due plus $2000 more for 2 yr at 8%. What is most nearly the amount of the loan
renewal?
A. $5280 B. $5750 C. $5510 D. $6140

70. A company invests $10,000 today to be repaid in 5 yr in one lump sum at 12% compounded annually. If the rate
of inflation is 3% compounded annually, approximately how much profit, in present day dollars, is realized over
the 5 yr?
A. $3200 B. $5200 C. $5630 D. $7620

71. What is most nearly the effective annual interest rate on a loan if the nominal interest rate is 12%/yr compounded
quarterly?
A. 11.8% B. 12.0% C. 12.3% D. 12.6%

72. A person pays interest on a loan semi-annually at a nominal annual interest rate of 16%. What is most nearly the
effective annual interest rate?
A. 15.5% B. 15.7% C. 16.4% D. 16.6%

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ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C

6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C

11. C 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B

16. D 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. B

21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. D

26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A

31. A 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. B

36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. B

41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. B

46. C 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B

51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. D

56. D 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. A

61. B 62. D 63. C 64. D 65. C

66. D 67. D 68. C 69. C 70. B

71. D 72. D 73. D 74. D 75. D

76. C 77. D

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER 2. DEFERRED ANNUITY
Cebu Main: 4th floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 Payments start at any period after the first period.
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
A. Solving for the present worth P:
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (ECONOMICS) - DAY 13
(1 i) 6 1
First method: P1 R
ANNUITY (1 i) 6 i
Annuity is a series of equal payments occurring at equal interval of time.
P1
TYPES OF ANNUITY P
(1 i) 4
1. ORDINARY ANNUITY
Payments that starts at the end of each period starting from the first period. F P(1 i)10

(i i)n 1 (1 i) 6 1
A. P R F R
(1 i)n i i

(i i)n 1
B. F R
i PROBLEMS:

C. The most convenient solution in solving i and n is by “Calculator”. 1. A man borrowed P100,000 at 11% compounded annually for 12 years. And promised to pay the amount starting
Where: P = present worth 5 years from now. Find the annual payment.
F = future worth
i = interest rate per period = in / m 2. A student needs $4000/yr for 4 yr to attend college. Her father invested $6000 in an 8% account for her
n = no. of periods = m n education when she was born. If the student withdraws $4000 at the end of her 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th years,
R = uniform amount per period how much money will be left in the account at the end of her 21st year?
D. For continuous compounding:
é 1 + e-in ù é ein - 1ù
P = R ê i ú F = R ê i ú
ëê e - 1 ûú ëê e - 1 úû
3. ANNUITY DUE
Payments start at the beginning of each period starting from n = 0.

PROBLEMS:
(1 i)9 1
A. P R R
1. If you obtain a loan of P1M at the rate of 12% compounded annually in order to build a house, how much must (1 i)9 i
you pay monthly to amortize the loan within a period of ten years?

2. A company issued 54 bonds of P1,500 face value each, redeemable at par at the end of 15 years. To
B. F P(1 i)10
accumulate the funds required for redemption, the firm established a sinking fund consisting of annual deposits, (1 i)10 1
the interest rate of the fund being 5%. What was the principal in the fund at the end of the 10th year? F R (1 i)1
i
3. A young woman, 22 years old, has just graduated from college. She accepts a good job and desires to establish
her own retirement fund. At the end of each year thereafter she plans to deposit P2,000 in a fund at 15% annual
interest. How old she be when the fund has an accumulated value of P1,000,000?
A. 35 yrs old B. 45 yrs old C. 53 yrs old D. 30 yrs old PROBLEMS:
4. A delivery company is expanding its fleet by five vans at a total cost of $75,000. Operating and maintenance
1. Mr. Johnson borrows $90,000 at 12% effective annual interest. He must pay back the loan over 25 yr with
costs for the new vehicles are projected to be $20,000/year for the next eight years. After eight years, the vans
uniform monthly payments due on the first day of each month. Approximately what amount does Mr. Johnson
will be sold for a total of $10,000. Annual revenues are expected to increase by $40,000 with the expanded fleet.
pay each month?
What is the company’s rate of return on the purchase?
2. Determine the present worth and the accumulated amount of an annuity consisting of 6 payments of P12,000
5. You have borrowed $5000 and must pay it off in five equal annual payments. Your annual interest rate is 10%.
each, the payments are made at the beginning of each year. Money is worth 15% compounded annually.
How much interest will you pay in the first two years?
A. P52,225.40; P120,801.60 B. P51,233.50; P121,334.80
C. P54,225.40; P120,806.60 D. P53,226.40; P121,802.80

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4. PERPETUITY
Is an annuity that continues indefinitely (n → ∞).

R
P= R = Pi
i

PROBLEMS:

1. A machine needs P5000 semi-annually for its maintenance during its perpetual life. If effective interest is P16%,
find the present amount of the maintenance.

5. UNIFORM GRADIENT CASH FLOW

FOR INCREASING VALUE

(1 i)n 1 (1 i)n 1 n
A. P R G
n
(1 i) i (1 i)n i 2 (1 i)n i

(1 i)n 1 (1 i)n 1 n
B. F R G
i i2 i

G = gradient
Use + if the amount is increasing
Use – if the amount is decreasing

PROBLEMS:

1. A contract has been signed to lease a building at P20,000 per year with an annual increase of P1,500 for 8
years. Payments are to be made at the end of each year, starting one year from now. The prevailing interest
rate is 7%. What lump sum paid today would be equivalent to the 8-year lease-payment plan?

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
12. Mr. Richardson borrowed $20,000 two years ago. The repayment terms of the loan are 10% interest for 10 yr
and uniform annual payments. He just made his second payment. How much principal, most nearly, does he still
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) owe?
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 A. $17,165 B. $17,365 C. $17,565 D. $17,765

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS 13. Given that the discount rate is 15%, what is the equivalent uniform annual cash flow for the following stream of
cash flows?
Year 0: $100,000; Year 1: 200,000; Year 2: $50,000; Year 3: 90,000
PROBLEM SET # 13 A. $160,444 B. $162,444 C. $164,444 D. $168,444
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: 14. In 5 yr, $25,000 will be needed to pay for a building renovation. In order to generate this sum, a sinking fund
consisting of three annual payments is established now. No further payments will be made after the third year.
1. With a 12% interest, approximately how much money must be invested today in order to withdraw $2000 per What payments are most nearly necessary if money is worth 15% per year?
year at the end of each year for 10 years? A. $5144 B. $5244 C. $5344 D. $5444
A. $10,900 B. $11,000 C. $11,200 D. $11,300
2. A machine is under consideration for purchase. The cost of the machine is $32,614. Each year it operates, the 15. Mr. Johnson borrows $120,000 at 10% effective annual interest. He must pay back the loan over 30 yr with
machine will generate a savings of $15,000. Given an effective annual interest rate of 18%, what is the uniform monthly payments due on the first day of each month. Approximately what amount does Mr. Johnson
discounted payback period on the purchase in the machine? pay each month?
A. 1 yrs B. 2 yrs C. 3 yrs D. 4 yrs A. $1007 B. $1107 C. $1207 D. $1307
3. Consider a project that involves the investment of $100,000 now and $100,000 at the end of year 1. Revenues 16. What is the most nearly the internal rate of return on the following cash flow?
of $160,000 will be generated at the end of years 1 and 2. What is most nearly the net present value of this t = 0 yr spend $100,000
project if the effective annual interest rate is 10%? t = 1 yr spend $50,000
A. $76,777 B. $86,777 C. $96,777 D. $100,777 t = 2 yr receive $100,000
t = 3 yr receive $120,000
4. An investment of x dollars is made at the end of each year for 3 yr, at an interest rate of 12% per year A. 12.93% B. 14.93% C. 16.93% D. 18.93%
compounded annually. What will the dollar value of the total investment be, most nearly, upon the deposit of the
third payment? 17. An investment of $380,000 is made, to be followed by revenue of $200,000 each year for three years. What is
A. $3.37x B. $4.37x C. $5.37x D. $6.37x most nearly the annual rate of return on investment for this project?
A. 22.84% B. 24.84% C. 26.84% D. 27.84%
5. If $800 is invested at the end of each year for 6 yr at an effective annual interest rate of 7%, what is most nearly
the total dollar amount available upon the deposit of the sixth payment? 18. A parent on the day the child is born wishes to determine what lump sum would have to be paid into an account
A. $5423 B. $5523 C. $5623 D. $5723 bearing interest at 8% compound annually, in order to withdraw P25,000 each on the child’s 18th, 19th, 20th and
21st birthdays.
6. A student needs $4000/yr for 4 yr to attend college. Her father invested $6000 in a 7% account for her education A. P35,941.73 B. P33,941.73 C. P22,379.13 D. P25,941.73
when she was born. If the student withdraws $4000 at the end of her 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th years, how much
money will be left in the account at the end of her 21st year? 19. A graduating high school student decides to take a year off and work to save money for college. The student
A. $5,540.42 B. $5,640.42 C. $5,740.42 D. $5,840.42 plans to invest all money earned in a savings account earning 6% interest, compounded quarterly. The student
hopes to have $10,000 by the time school starts in 12 months. How much money will the student have to save
7. The following schedule of funds is available to form a sinking fund. each month?
t = 0 yr, $5000; t = 1 yr, $4000; t = 2 yr, $3000; t = 3 yr, $2000 A. $810.66/month C. $850.66/month
At the end of the fourth year, equipment costing $33,000 will have to be purchased as a replacement for old B. $830.66/month D. $870.66/month
equipment. Money is valued at 20% by the company. At the time of purchase, how much money will be needed? 20. A gold mine is projected to produce $20,000 during its first year of operation, $18,800 the second year, $17,600
A. $8400 B. $8600 C. $8800 D. $9000 the third year, and so on. If the mine is expected to produce for a total of 10 years, and the effective annual
interest rate is 6%, what is the present worth?
8. $10,000 is invested at the beginning of a year in a 15% security and held for 5 yr. During that time, the average A. $111,279 B. $111,479 C. $111,679 D. $111,879
annual inflation is 8%. Approximately how much, in terms of year zero dollars, will be in the account at maturity?
A. $13,689 B. $13,789 C. $13,889 D. $13,989 21. An engineer deposits $10,000 in a savings account on the day her child is born. She deposits an additional
$1200 on every birthday after that. The account has a 5% nominal interest rate, compounded continuously. How
9. The following cash flow diagram presents an investment of $600 and a revenue of x at the end of years one and much money will be in the account the day after the child’s 21st birthday?
two. Given a discount rate of 15% compounded annually, what must x approximately be for this set of cash flows A. $72,055 B. $72,155 C. $72,255 D. $72,355
to have a net present worth of zero?
A. $359 B. $369 C. $379 D. $389 22. Given the following cash flow diagram and a 12% effective annual interest rate, what is the equivalent annual
expenses over the five-year period?
10. What annuity over a 10 yr period at 8% interest is most nearly equivalent to a present worth of $700? A. $162 B. $262 C. $362 D. $462
A. $104.32 B. $114.32 C. $124.32 D. $134.32
23. A delivery company is expanding its fleet by five vans at a total cost of $75,000. Operating and maintenance
11. Instead of paying $10,000 in annual rent for office space at the beginning of each year for the next 10 years, an costs for the new vehicles are projected to be $20,000/year for the next eight years. After eight years, the vans
engineering firm has decided to take out a 10-year, $100,000 loan for a new building at 6% interest. The firm will will be sold for a total of $10,000. Annual revenues are expected to increase by $45,000 with the expanded fleet.
invest $10,000 of the rent saved and earn 20% annual interest on that amount. What will be the difference What is the company’s rate of return on the purchase?
between the firm’s annual revenue and expenses? A. 28.65% B. 29.65% C. 30.65% D. 27.65%
A. $1387 B. $1487 C. $1587 D. $1687

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24. Suppose you deposited $500 at the end of every year for seven years in an account that earned 6% annual 37. A house is expected to have a maintenance cost of $2000 the first year. It is believed that the maintenance cost
effective interest. At the end of seven years, how much would the account be worth? will increase $500 per year. The interest rate is 6% compounded annually. Over a 10-year period, what will be
A. $4,197 B. $4,297 C. $4,397 D. $4,497 approximate affective annual maintenance cost?
A. $4011 B. $4111 C. $4211 D. $4311
25. Suppose you will retire exactly one year and want an account that will pay you $30,000 a year for the next 15 38. A young woman plans to retire in 25 years. She intends to contribute the same amount of money each year to
years. (The fund will be depleted at the end of the fifteen year) Assuming a 6% annual effective interest rate, her retirement fund. The fund earns 10% compounded annually. She would like to withdraw $100,000 each year
what is the amount you would need to deposit now? for 20 years, starting 1 year after the last contribution is made. Approximately how much money should she
A. $231,367 B. $251,367 C. $271,367 D. $291,367 contribute to her retirement fund each year?
A. $8,257 B. $8,457 C. $8,657 D. $8,857
26. A bonus package pays an employee $1000 at the end of the first year, $2500 at the end of the second year, and
so on, for the first nine years of employment. What is the present worth of the bonus package at 6% interest? 39. A machine costs $20,000 today and has an estimated scrap cash value of $4000 after eight years. Inflation is 8%
A. $21,892 B. $25,892 C. $27,892 D. $29,892 per year. The effective annual interest rate earned on money invested is 8%. How much money needs to be set
aside each year to replace the machine with an identical model eight years from now?
27. The national debt is approximately $5 trillion. What is the required payment per year to completely pay off the A. $3104 B. $3204 C. $3304 D. $3404
debt in 20 years, assuming an interest rate of 6%?
A. $416 billion B. $426 billion C. $436 billion D. $446 billion 40. Permanent mineral rights on a parcel of land are purchased for an initial lump-sum payment of $100,000. Profits
from mining activities are $10,000 each year, and these profits are expected to continue indefinitely. What
28. The president of a growing engineering firm wishes to give each of 50 employees a holiday bonus. How much is approximate interest rate is being earned on the initial investment?
needed to invest monthly for a year at 12% nominal interest rate, compounded monthly, so that each employee A. 10% B. 12% C. 14% D. 16%
will receive a $1500 bonus?
A. $5314 B. $5514 C. $5814 D. $5914 41. A company purchases a piece of construction equipment for rental purposes. The expected income is $3100
annually for its useful life of 15 years. Expenses are expected to be $700 annually. If the purchase price is
29. An engineering graduate plans to buy a home. She has been advised that her monthly house and property tax $25,000 and there is no salvage value, what is the prospective rate of return, neglecting taxes?
payment should not exceed 35% of her disposable monthly income. After researching the market, she A. 2.95% B. 4.95% C. 6.95% D. 8.95%
determines she can obtain a 30-year home loan for 6.95% annual interest per year, compounded monthly. Her
monthly property tax payment will be approximately $150. What is the maximum mount she can pay for a house 42. An investment of $350,000 is made, to be followed by revenue of $200,000 each year for three years. What is
if her disposable monthly income is $2500? most nearly the annual rate of return on investment for this project?
A. $109,521 B. $119,521 C. $129,521 D. $139,521 A. 15% B. 33% C. 42% D. 57%

30. Mr. Jones plans to deposit $500 at the end of each month for 10 years at 12% annual interest, compounded 43. A man borrowed P30,000 and promised to pay the amount annually for 10 years at the beginning of each period
monthly. The amount that will be available in three years is with interest rate of 16% compounded annually. Find the annual amount.
A. $21,538 B. $22,538 C. $23,538 D. $24,538 A. P3092 B. P4973 C. P6530 D. P5351

31. The purchase price of a car is $35,000. Mr Smith makes a down payment of $5000 and borrows the balance 44. A man borrowed P100,000 at 10% compounded annually for 10 years. And promised to pay the amount starting
from a bank at 6% interest for five years. Calculate the nearest value of the required monthly payments to pay off 5 years from now. Find the annual payment.
the loan. A. P21,083.55 B. P23,827.55 C. P25,038.22 D. P27,099.34
A. $520 B. $540 C. $560 D. $580
45. A company issued 50 bonds of P1,500 face value each, redeemable at par at the end of 15 years. To
32. A piece of machinery can be bought for $10,000 cash or for $2000 down and payments of $850 per year for 15 accumulate the funds required for redemption, the firm established a sinking fund consisting of annual deposits,
years. What is the annual interest rate for the time payments? the interest rate of the fund being 4%. What was the principal in the fund at the end of the 10th year?
A. 4.48% B. 6.48% C. 8.48% D. 10.48% A. P44,970.00 B. P38,378.00 C. P41,453.00 D. P37,519.00

33. You have borrowed $6000 and must pay it off in five equal annual payments. Your annual interest rate is 10%. 46. A house and lot can be acquired a down payment of P500,000.00 and a yearly payment of P150,000 at the end
How much interest will you pay in the first two years? of each year for a period of 10 years, starting at the end of 5 years from the date of purchase. If money is worth
A. $1002 B. $1102 C. $1256 D. $1302 14% compounded annually, what is the cash price of the property?
A. P710,100.00 B. P808,811.00 C. P963,253.88 D. P1,181,902.00
34. A company puts $30,000 down and will pay $5000 every year for the life of a machine (10 years). If the salvage
value is zero and the interest rate is 10% compounded annually, what is the present value of the machine?
A. $60,323 B. $60,523 C. $60,723 D. $60,923

35. You borrow $3500 for one year from a friend at an interest rate of 2% per month instead of taking a loan from a
bank at a rate of 24% per year. Compare how much money you will save or lose on the transactions.
A. You will pay $98.85 more than if you borrow from the bank
B. You will pay $630 more than if you borrow from the bank
C. You will pay $685 more than if you borrow from the bank
D. You will save $55 by borrowing from your friend.

36. A college student borrows $15,000 today at 10% interest compounded annually. Four years later, the student
makes the first repayment of $3000. Approximately how much money will the student still owe on the loan after
the first payment?
A. $15,962 B. $16,962 C. $17,962 D. $18,962

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ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D

6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A

11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A

16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. C

21. A 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. D

26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A

31. D 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A

36. D 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. A

41. B 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A

46. C

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
C. Total depreciation after 5 years, DT5 = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5

Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th D. Bvm = Book value after 5 years = FC – DT5
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 BVm = book value after m years = FC (1 - k)m

ENGINEERING SCIENCES (ECONOMICS) – DAY 14 4. SUM OF THE YEARS DIGIT METHOD (SOYD)

DEPRECIATION For 8 years (n = 8)

Depreciation is the decrease in value of a property due to the passage of time. SOYD = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36

METHODS OF COMPUTING DEPRECIATION: Using the formula: SOYD = æç

1+ nö
÷n
è 2 ø
1. STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION
A. Depreciation for the first 5 years:
A. D = annual depreciation = FC - SV D1 = (FC - SV) (8/36) D2 = (FC - SV) (7/36) D3 = (FC - SV) (6/36)
n
D4 = (FC - SV) (5/36) D5 = (FC - SV) (4/36)
B. Dm = total depreciation after m years = m D
B. DT5 = total depreciation after 5 years DT5 = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5
C. BVm = book value after m years = FC - Dm
Shortcut method:
8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4ù
D. Depreciation rate = D DT5 = (FC – SV) éê ú
FC ë 36 û

C. BV5 = book value after 5 years BV5 = FC – DT5

E. Salvage Rate = SV
FC

F. Sunk Cost = Book Value - Actual Resale value 5. MODIFIED ACCELERATED COST RECOVERY SYSTEM (MACRS)
where:
A. Depreciation charge for the first 5 years:
FC = first cost D1 = FC/n
SV = salvage value
D2 = 2/n (FC – D1)
n = life of the property or equipment
D3 = 2/n [FC – (D1 + D2)]
D4 = 2/n [FC – (D1 + D2 + D3)]
2. SINKING FUND METHOD D5 = 2/n [FC – (D1 + D2 + D3 + D4)]
B. BV5 = FC – (D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5)
(FC - SV ) i
A. D = annual depreciation =
(1 + i)n - 1
é (1 + i)m - 1ù
B. Dm = total depreciation after m years = Dê
PROBLEMS:
ú
êë i úû
1. A machine has an initial cost of P50,000 and a salvage value of P10,000 after 10 years. What is the book value
C. BVm = FC - Dm after five years using straight line depreciation?
D. Sunk Cost = BV - Actual resale value 2. A unit welding machine costs P45,000 with an estimated life of 5 years. Its salvage value is P2500. Find the book
value after 3 years using sinking fund method with 8.5% interest.
3. DECLINING BALANCE METHOD
3. What is the book value of equipment purchased 4 yr ago for $15,000 if it is depreciated using the sum of the
year’s digits (SOYD) method? The expected life is 6 yr.
SV
A. k = constant ratio = 1 - n
FC 4. A machine initially costing $25,000 will have a salvage value of $6000 after five years. Using MACRS
depreciation, what will its book value be after the third year?
B. Annual depreciation
Depreciation for the first 5 years:

D1 = k (FC)(1 – k)0 D2 = k (FC)(1 – k)1 D3 = k (FC)(1 – k)2

D4 = k (FC)(1 – k)3 D5 = k (FC)(1 – k)4

Therefore, annual depreciation for any year is: Dn = k(FC)(1 - k)n-1

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CAPITAL RECOVERY METHOD BENEFIT-TO-COST RATIO METHOD
A. Using sinking fund method:
Capital recovery = Annual depreciation + Interest on investment B/C = Annual Benefit-To-Cost ratio = B - OM = Benefits - Disbenefits
C C
(FC - SV ) i
Capital recovery = + FC (i)
(1 + i)n - 1 FC SV
C = annual cost = -
é (1 + i)n - 1ù é (1 + i)n - 1ù
B. Using straight line method: ê ú ê ú
n i
ëê (1 + i) i ûú ëê úû
Capital Recovery = FC - SV + i æç n + 1 ö÷(FC - SV ) + i (SV )
n 2è n ø where: FC = first cost
SV = salvage value
n = useful life
OM = annual operation and maintenance
i = interest rate
B = annual benefits
CAPITALIZED COST METHOD
Is the sum of the first cost and the present worth of all cost of replacement, operation and maintenance for a long time. Note: B/C should be greater than 1 for the project to be justifiable.

OM FC - SV
A. For Life n: Capitalized Cost = FC + +
i (1 + i)n - 1
OM = annual operation and maintenance

B. For Perpetuity Life: Capitalized Cost = FC +

OM
i

PROBLEMS:
BOND VALUE EQUATION
Is a certificate of indebtedness of a corporation usually for a period of not less than 10 years and guaranteed by a
mortgage on certain assets of the corporation or its subsidiaries.
CAPITAL RECOVERY METHOD AND CAPITALIZED METHOD
1. A company must relocate one of its factories in 3 yr. Equipment for the loading dock is being considered for
purchase. The original cost is $20,000, and the salvage value after 3 yr is $8000. The company’s rate of return
Bond Value Equation:
on money invested is 12%. The capital recovery rate per year is most nearly __.
P = present value of bond
2. An alternative for manufacturing a certain part has a first cost of $50,000, an annual cost of $10,000, and a salvage
é (1 + i)n - 1ù C value of $5,000 after its 10-year life. At an interest rate of 10% per year, find the capitalized cost of the alternative.
P = Aê ú+
n n
ëê (1 + i) i ûú (1 + i) 3. The construction of a volleyball court for the employees of a highly successful mid-sized publishing company in
where: California is expected to cost $1200 and have annual maintenance costs of $300. At an effective annual interest
A = periodic dividend = F r rate of 5%, what is the project’s capitalized cost?
P = present value of bond
F = face or par value
r = bond rate per period
n = no. of periods
BOND VALUE EQUATION
i = investment rate per period
C = redeemable value ( usually equal to par value) 1. A man wants to make 14% nominal interest compounded semi-annually on a bond investment. How much
should the man be willing to pay now for a 12%, P10,000 bond that will mature in 10 years and pays interest
semi-annually.

2. A $1000 face-value bond pays dividends of $110 at the end of each year. If the bond matures in 20 years, what
ANNUAL COST METHOD is the approximate bond value at an interest rate of 12% per year, compounded annually?

Annual Cost = Dep. + Int. on Inv. + OM + Others

ANNUAL COST METHOD
(FC - SV ) i
Annual Cost = + FC (i) + OM + Other exp enses
n
(1 + i) - 1 1. The purchase of a motor for $6500 and a generator for $4500 will allow a company to produce its own energy.
The configuration can be assembled for $800. The service will operate for 1650 h/yr for 10 yr. The maintenance
cost is $350/yr, and the cost to operate is $0.87/h for fuel and related costs. There is $500 in salvage value for
the system at the end of 10 yr. Using straight-line depreciation, what is the annual cost for the operation?

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2. A company is considering a certain method for manufacturing a certain part. Method X will have a first cost of
$40,000, and annual operating cost of $25,000, and a $10,000 salvage value after its five-year life. At an interest
rate of 12% per year, find the annual cost of method X.

BENEFIT COST RATIO

1. A machine has an initial cost of P40,000 and an annual maintenance cost of P5,000. Its useful life is 10 years
and salvage value of P8,000. The annual benefit from purchasing the machine is P16,000. The effective annual
interest rate is 10%. What is the machine’s benefit cost ratio?

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
8. A firm is considering renting a trailer at $400/mo. The unit is needed for 5 yr. The leasing company offers a lump
sum payment of $32,000 at the end of 5 yr as an alternative payment plan but is willing to discount this figure.
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) The firm places a value of 10% (effective annual rate) on invested capital. How large should the discount be in
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 order to be acceptable as an equivalent?
A. $1180 B. $1380 C. $1580 D. $1780
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
9. Which plan is the least expensive way to purchase plant maintenance equipment? The discount rate is 11%.
Plan A: $50,000 down, equal payments of $25,115.12 for 20 yr
PROBLEM SET # 14 Plan B: nothing down, equal payments of $32,649.66 for 20 yr
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. Plan C: $100,000 down, equal payments of $21,975.74 for 20 yr
MULTIPLE CHOICE: A. plan A B. Plan B C. Plan C D. Plan A or B
1. A replacement electric motor is being considered for purchase. It is capable of providing 200 hp. The pertinent 10. The volatility, β, of a stock is found to be 1.5 times the stock market average. If the risk premium for buying
data are as follows: stocks averages 8.3% and the present treasury bill rate (assumed to be risk free) is 10%, what is most nearly the
Cost $3200 expected return (ER) on the stock?
Electrical efficiency 0.85 A. 22.50% B. 24.50% C. 26.50% D. 28.50%
Maintenance cost per year $50
Life expectancy 14 yr 11. Tops Corporation’s gross margin is 45% of sales. Operating expenses such as sales and administration are 15%
Salvage value after 14 yr $0 of sales. Tops is in a 50% tax bracket. What percent of sales is their profit after taxes?
The motor is used for 400 h/yr and the cost of electricity is $0.06/kW-hr (1 hp = 0.746 kW). What A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25%
is most nearly the effective annual cost using an interest rate of 10%?
A. $4697.09 B. $4797.09 C. $4897.09 D. $4997.09 12. A machine costs $10,000 and can be depreciated over a period of eight years, after which its salvage value will
be $2000. What is the straight-line depreciation in year 3?
2. A company must relocate one of its factories in 3 yr. Equipment for the loading dock is being considered for A. $700 B. $800 C. $900 D. $1000
purchase. The original cost is $35,000, and the salvage value after 3 yr is $8000. The company’s rate of return
on money invested is 10%. The capital recovery rate per year is most nearly. 13. A groundwater treatment system is needed to remediate a solvent-contaminated aquifer. The system costs
A. $11,257/yr B. $11,457/yr C. $11,657/yr D. $11,857/yr $2,500,000. It is expected to operate a total of 130,000 hours over a period of 10 years and then have a
$250,000 salvage value. During its first year in service, it is operated for 6500 hours. What is its depreciation in
3. What is the book value of equipment purchased 3 yr ago for $25,000 if it is depreciated using the sum of the the first two years using the MACRS method?
year’s digits (SOYD) method? The expected life is 5 yr. A. $700,000 B. $720,000 C. $740,000 D. $760,000
A. $5000 B. $5100 C. $5200 D. $5300
14. A machine initially costing $25,000 will have a salvage value of $6000 after five years. Using MACRS
4. A company plans to manufacture a product and sell it for $3.00 per unit. Equipment to manufacture the product depreciation, what will its book value be after the 4th year?
will cost $250,000 and will have a net salvage value of $12,000 at the end of its estimated economic life of 15 A. $4125 B. $4225 C. $4325 D. $4425
years. The equipment can manufacture up to 2,000,000 units per year. Direct labor costs are $0.25 per unit,
direct material costs are $0.85 per unit, variable administrative and selling expenses are $0.25 per unit, and fixed 15. The construction of a volleyball court for the employees of a highly successful mid-sized publishing company in
overhead costs are $250,000, not including depreciation. If capital investments and return on the investment are California is expected to cost $1200 and have annual maintenance costs of $300. At an effective annual interest
excluded, what is the number of units that the company must manufacture and sell in order to breakeven will all rate of 8%, what is the project’s capitalized cost?
other costs? Use straight line method. A. $1950 B. $2950 C. $3950 D. $4950
A. 141,131 B. 151,131 C. 161,516 D. 151,516
16. The designer of the penstock for a small hydro-electric cogeneration station has the option of using steel pipe,
5. A company plans to manufacture a product and sell it for $4.00 per unit. Equipment to manufacture the product which costs $150,000 installed and requires $5000 yearly for painting and leak-checking maintenance, or
will cost $250,000 and will have a net salvage value of $12,000 at the end of its estimated economic life of 15 DSR4.3 (heavy duty plastic) pipe, which costs $180,000 installed and requires $1500 yearly for leak-checking
years. The equipment can manufacture up to 2,000,000 units per year. Direct labor costs are $0.25 per unit, maintenance. Both options have an expected life of 25 years. If the interest rate is 8%, which choices has the
direct material costs are $0.85 per unit, variable administrative and selling expenses are $0.25 per unit, and fixed lower present equivalent cost and how much lower is it?
overhead costs are $200,000, not including depreciation. If straight line depreciation is used, what is the number A. DSR4.3 cost less by $7362 C. DSR4.3 cost less by $65,000
of units that the company must manufacture and sell to yield a before-tax profit of 20%? B. Steel pipe cost less by $10600 D. Steel pipe cost less by $65,000
A. 108,840 B. 128,840 C. 148,840 D. 168,840
17. A machine has an initial cost of $50,000 and a salvage value of $10,000 after 8 years. What is the straight-line
6. The purchase of a motor for $6000 and a generator for $4000 will allow a company to produce its own energy. depreciation rate as a percentage of the initial cost?
The configuration can be assembled for $500. The service will operate for 1800 h/yr for 10 yr. The maintenance A. 8% B. 10% C. 12% D. 14%
cost is $300/yr, and the cost to operate is $0.85/h for fuel and related costs. There is $400 in salvage value for
the system at the end of 10 yr. Using straight-line depreciation, what is the annual cost for the operation? 18. A machine has an initial cost of $50,000 and a salvage value of $10,000 after 10 years. What is the book value
A. $2240/yr B. $2440/yr C. $2640/yr D. $2840/yr after seven years using straight-line depreciation?
A. $22,000 B. $23,000 C. $24,000 D. $25,000
7. Company A purchases $200,000 of equipment in year 0. It decides to use straight-line depreciation over the
expected 20 yr life of the equipment. The interest rate is 16%. If its overall tax rate is 40%, what is the present 19. A machine that costs $20,000 has a 10-year life and a $2000 salvage value. If straight line depreciation is used,
worth of the after-tax depreciation recovery? what is the book value of the machine at the end of the fourth year?
A. $23,115 B. $23,315 C. $23,515 D. $23,715 A. $12,200 B. $12,400 C. $12,600 D. $12,800

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20. A $2000 face-value bond pays dividends of $110 at the end of each year. If the bond matures in 20 years, what
is the approximate bond value at an interest rate of 12% per year, compounded annually? 35. A dam will have a first cost of $5,000,000, an annual maintenance cost of $20,000 and minor reconstruction cost
A. $1029 B. $1229 C. $1429 D. $1629 of $120,000 every six years. At an interest of 8% per year, the capitalized cost of the dam is nearest to:
A. $213,125 B. 525,625 C. $5,312,500 D. $5,574,473
21. An investment proposal calls for a $100,000 payment now and a second $120,000 10 years from now. The
investment is for a project with a perpetual life. The effective annual interest rate is 6%. What is the approximate 36. An alternative for manufacturing a certain part has a first cost of $60,000, an annual cost of $8,000, and a
capitalized cost? salvage value of $4,000 after its 8-year life. At an interest rate of 12% per year, the capitalized cost of the
A. $166,007 B. $167,007 C. $168,007 D. $169,007 alternative is closest to:
A. $17,822 B. $164,608 C. $178,215 D. $189,355
22. A machine has an initial cost of $40,000 and an annual maintenance cost of $5000. Its useful life is 10 years.
The annual benefit from purchasing the machine is $20,000. The effective annual interest rate is 10%. What is 37. A company must relocate one of its factories in five years. Equipment for the loading dock is being considered
the machine’s benefit-cost ratio? for purchase. The original cost is $40,000, the salvage value after five years is $8000. The company’s rate of
A. 1.13 B. 1.43 C. 1.73 D. 1.93 return on money is 8%. Determine the capital recovery rate (CR) per year.
A. $5455 per year B. $4946 per year C. $5115 per year D. $5625/yr
23. An asset is purchased for P500,000. The salvage value in 25 years is P80,000. What are the depreciation in the
first three years using straight line method? 38. Company A purchases P180,000 of equipment in year zero. It decides to use straight-line depreciation over the
A. P48,000.00 B. P24,000.00 C. P32,000.00 D. P16,800.00 expected 20 years life of the equipment. The interest rate is 10%. If its average tax rate is 30%, what is the
present worth of the depreciation tax held?
24. A machine has an initial cost of P50,000 and a salvage value of P5,000 after 10 years. What is the book value A. P3,500.00 B. P26,500.00 C. P39,700.00 D. P22,987
after five years using straight line depreciation?
A. P27,500.00 B. P25,000.00 C. P15,500.00 D. P30,000.00 39. A machine has a first cost of P100,000 and salvage value of P10,000 after 10 years. The annual maintenance of
the machine is P4,000. If interest rate is 10%, find the annual cost of the machine.
25. A machine has a first cost of P50,000 with interest rate of 10% annually. Expected salvage value after 10 years A. P17,009.34 B. P19,647.08 C. P21,083.56 D. P32,074.56
is P5,000. Find the book value after 5 years using sinking fund method.
A. P12,039 B. P22,084 C. P42,084 D. 32,762 40. A certain product has the following corresponding cost: 250 units for P4,000 and 400 units for P5000. Find the
incremental cost.
26. An asset is purchased for P9,000. Its estimated life is 12 years, after which it will be sold for P1,000.00. Find A. 3.46 B. 4.05 C. 5.31 D. 6.67
the book value during the 4th year if the sum-of-the-years digit (SOYD) depreciation is used.
A. P6,100.00 B. P4,307.69 C. P5,072.00 D. P4,692.30 41. A machine has an initial cost of P200,000 and has a maintenance of P10,000 4 years from now and P30,000 ten
years from now. Find the present worth of the machine. (i = 16%)
27. A company purchases an asset for P20,000 and plans to keep it for 15 years. If the salvage value is zero at the A. P112,323.42 B. P212,323.42 C. P312,323.42 D. P412,323.42
end of the 20th year, what is the depreciation in the third year? Use sum-of-the-years-digit depreciation.
A. P1,000.00 B. P2166.67 C. P937.00 D. P747.00 42. An equipment has a first cost of P500,000 and has an installation cost of P50,000. The salvage value of the
equipment is P70,000 after 10 years. Maintenance is P10,000 and consider tax as 3%. Find the annual cost of
28. An asset is purchased for P10,000. Its estimated life is 10 years after which it will be sold forP1,000. Find the the equipment. (i = 10%)
book value during the first year if sum-of-the-years digit (SOYD) depreciation is used. A. P111,618 B. P172,475 C. P197,636 D. P208,576
A. P8,363.64 B. P6,500.00 C. P7,545.00 D. P6,000.00
43. Which of the following alternatives is superior over a 20 years period if interest rate is 7%?
29. An item is purchased for P150,000. Annual cost is P10,000. Using 10%, what is the capitalized cost of Alternative A Alternative B
perpetual service? Type Brick Wood
A. P352,000 B. P250,000 C. P532,000 D. P325,000 Life 20 years 10 years
Initial cost P1800 P850
30. A machine has a first cost of P60,000 and has an expected salvage value after 10 years is P6,000. Find the Maintenance P5/year P30/year
book value after 6 years using declining balance method.
A. P10,028.34 B. P15,071.32 C. P20,083.45 D. P25,083.45 A. Alternative A B. Alternative B C. A & B D. none of these

31. An equipment has a first cost of P30,000 and salvage value of P10,000 after 5 years. If interest is 10%, find the 44. Two plans are available for a company to obtain automobiles for its salesmen. How many miles must the cars
capital recovery rate per year. be driven each year for the two plans to have the same costs? Use an interest rate of 10%. (Use the year-end
A. P3974.34 B. P4875.67 C. P5083.34 D. P6,276.00 convention for all costs).
Plan A: Lease the cars and pay P0.15 per mile.
32. A bond worth P40,000 has a bond rate of 12% has a redeemable value of P50,000 after 15 years. If interest rate Plan B: Purchase the cars for P5000 and economic life of three years, after which it can be sold for
is 10% annually, find the present value of bond. P1200. Gas and oil cost P0.04 per mile. Insurance is P500 per year.
A. P48,478.78 B. P34,084.55 C. P29,095.45 D. P59,375.23 A. P17,028 miles/yr B. 12,527 miles/yr C. 14,527 miles/yr D. 19,527 miles/yr

33. A bond pays P342 interest per year and has face value of P8,000 at the end of 10 years, when it has to be
redeemed. If the current value of bond is P6,000, what is the interest earned on the bond?
A. 14% B. 13% C. 10% D. 8%

34. A member of congress wants to know the capitalized cost of maintaining a proposed national park. The annual
maintenance cost is expected to be $20,000. At an interest rate of 6% per year, the capitalized cost of the
maintenance would be closest to:
A. $1,500 B. $25,000 C. $333,333 D. $416,667

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ANSWER KEY:

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A

6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. A

11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D

16. A 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. A

21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D

26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. B

31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D

36. B 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. D

41. B 42.A 43. A 44. D

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER BELT FRICTION
F1
= ef q
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th
F2
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 where:
F1 = tension at the tight side
F2 = tension at the slack side
ENGINEERING SCIENCES (PHYSICS & MECHANICS) – DAY 15 f = coefficient of friction
q = angle of contact, radians = 2.718

I. STATICS Note: 1 turn = 360o = 1 rev = 2 π rad

1. Component of Forces: Fx = F cos q Fy = F sin q

PROBLEMS:

2. Resultant of Two Forces: STATIC

A. At right angle R = F1
2
+ F2
2 1. Three forces on an object at a body. F1 = 10 kg at 30o, F2 = 14 kg at 135o, F3 = 20 kg at 240o. Find the resultant
force and the direction.

B. At a certain angle 2. A girder weighing 20,000 lbs is suspended by a cable 100 ft long. What horizontal pull is necessary to hold it 5 ft
from the vertical position?
θ = 180o - x
3. Two cylinders having weights of 100 KN and 200 KN with radii of 100 mm and 200 mm respectively, are placed
2 2 with the heavier weight above the lighter weight and both of them are placed in a container having a width of 500
R = F1 + F2 - 2 F1 F2 cos q mm. Assuming that the lengths of the container and the cylinders to be the same, what is the reaction between
the cylinders?
A. 200 KN B. 243.45 KN C. 268.32 KN D. 300 KN
3. Resultant of Two or more Forces:

Three forces acting on a body: FRICTION

SFx = total forces along horizontal
SFx = F1x + F2x + F3x = F1 cosθ1 + F2 cosθ2 + F3 cosθ3 1. A body weighing 350 kg rests on a plane inclined 30 degrees with the horizontal. The friction between the body
SFy = total forces along vertical and the plane is 0.268. What horizontal force P is necessary to hold the body from sliding down the plane?
SFy = F1y + F2y + F3y = F1 sinθ1 + F2 sinθ2 + F3 sinθ3
F = resultant force = SFx 2 + SFy 2

SFy
tan q =
SFx III. MOTION
4. Conditions of Statics 1. RECTILINEAR MOTION
Usually motion is along a straight horizontal path.
S Fh = 0
S Fv = 0 A. IF SPEED IS UNIFORM:
SM = 0
S = vt
II. FRICTION
B. IF SPEED VARIES:
Fr = f N
a. vf = vo ± at
where: b. vf2 = vo2 ± 2aS
Fr = frictional force c. S = vo t ± ½ a t2
N = normal force
f = coefficient of static friction where: a = acceleration (a is + if accelerating, a is – if decelerating)
Note: vo = initial velocity
- static friction is use if the body is not moving. vf = final velocity
- kinetic friction is use if the body is already moving. S = distance traveled
t = time

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2. FREE FALLING BODY vox = vfx = contant
A. If speed is uniform: (balloon, elevator, sound)
2. x = horizontal displacement = vox t = (vo cosq) t
S = vt
v o 2 sin 2q
B. If speed varies: 3. R = maximum range =
g
a. vf = vo ± gt
b. vf2 = vo2 ± 2gS For Vertical Displacement:
c. S = vo t ± ½ g t2
where: 1. vfy = final velocity along vertical = voy - g t = vo sinq - gt
g = acceleration due to gravity
g is + if a body is moving down 2. vfy2 = voy2 - 2gy = (vo sinθ) 2 - 2gy
g is – if a body is moving up
3. y = vertical displacement = voy t - ½ g t2 = vo sinq t – ½ g t2
vo = initial velocity
vf = final velocity 4. vfx = vox = vo cosθ
S = distance traveled
t = time 5. vf = final resultant velocity = v fy 2 + v fx 2

3. CIRCULAR MOTION v o2 sin2 q

6. H = maximum height =
2g
A. If angular speed is constant:
Where: vox = initial velocity along horizontal
θ = wt voy = initial velocity along vertical
v = 2prN = pDN vfx = final velocity along horizontal
vfy = final velocity along vertical
B. For varying speed: vf = final velocity
vo = initial velocity
wf = wo ± a t t = time of flight
wf2 = wo2 ± 2 a q
q = wo t ± ½ a t2 Note: At maximum point the value of q = 0.
2 If y is below the reference point, then the sign of y is negative.
a = v
r

Where: w = angular velocity, rad/s, rev/sec

IV. REVERSE EFFECTIVE FORCE
a = angular acceleration in rad/s2, rev/s2
t = time FR = reverse effective force = m a = W a
θ = rad. or rev. g
a = acceleration, m/s2
r = radius of rotation, m In English unit: m = mass, slugs a = acceleration, ft/s2 W = weight, lbs g = 32.2 ft/s2
N = speed, rev/s In SI unit: m = mass, kg a = acceleration, m/s2 W = weight, N g = 9.81 m/s2
v = tangential velocity, m/s

Note: Use + if accelerating

Use – if decelerating DIRECTION OF REVERSE EFFECTIVE FORCE

1. If the object is accelerating, the direction of reverse effective force is opposite to

the direction of motion.
4. PROJECTILE MOTION
A. Components of initial velocity, vo 2. If the object is decelerating, the direction of reverse effective force is the same
with the direction of motion.
vox = vo cosθ
voy = vo sinθ

B. For Horizontal Displacement:

1. The horizontal component of initial velocity will

not change throughout the flight.

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PROBLEMS:

MOTION
1. A truck skids to stop 60 m after the application of the brakes while traveling at 90 km/hr. What is the acceleration
in m/sec?
A. -5.21 m/s2 B. 6.36 C. -7.06 D. 5.78

2. A stone is dropped in still air from a deck of a high bridge. The sound of the splash reaches the deck 3 seconds
later. If sound travels 342 m/s in still air, how high is the deck above the water?
A. 40.7 m B. 48.6 m C. 50.2 m D. 60.8 m

3. A flywheel rotates at 12.57 rad/sec slowed down to 10.68 rad/sec during the punching operation that requires 3/4
second of the punching portion of the cycle. Compute the angular acceleration of the flywheel in rad/sec2.

4. A shot is fired at an angle of 45o with the horizontal and a velocity of 300 ft per sec. Find the height and the
range of the projectile.

5. A plane flying horizontally at a velocity of 350 kph at an altitude of 420 m. At this instant, a bomb is released.
How far horizontally from this point will the bomb hits the ground?
A. 577 m B. 625 m C. 785 m D. 900 m

REVERSE EFFECTIVE FORCE

1. An elevator weighing 2000 lbs is moving vertically upward with an acceleration of 3 ft/s2. A man standing in said
elevator weighs 180 lbs. Compute the tension in the supporting cable under this condition.
A. 2180 lbs B. 2191 lbs C. 1820 lbs D. 2366 lbs

2. A body weighing 40 lbs starts from rest and slides down a plane at an angle of 30o with the horizontal for which
the coefficient of friction is 0.3. How far will it move during the third second?

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
14. A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of 60 ft/s. How long will take for the ball to return to the
thrower.
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 16.31 s B. 3.73 s C. 14.06 s D. 4.19 s
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
15. A train with a top speed of 60 mph cannot accelerate or decelerate faster than 5 ft/s2. What is the minimum
PHYSICS AND MECHANICS distance between two trains stops in order for the train to be able to reach its to speed?
A. 1,548.80 ft B. 1250 ft C. 1344 ft D. 1200 ft
PROBLEM SET # 15 16. A car travels 100 miles to city A in 3 hours, then travels 200 miles to city B in 4 hours. What is the average
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. speed of the car for the trip?
MULTIPLE CHOICE: A. 45 mph B. 58.3 mph C. 60 mph D. 42.85 mph
1. Two forces are acting in the following direction: F1 = 100 kg at 30o and F2 = 80 kg at 130o. Find the resultant 17. A flywheel is brought rest up to a speed of 900 rpm in 1 minute. What is the average angular acceleration until
force. the wheel stops?
A. 70.30 kg B. 85.63 kg C. 93.58 kg D. 116.71 kg A. 8.09 rad/s2 B. 6.09 rad/s2 C. 1.57 rad/s2 D. 2.09 rad/s2
2. Two forces 20 kg and 50 kg are acting at right angles. Find the resultant force. 18. A flywheel is brought rest up to a speed of 600 rpm in 1 minute. What is the number of revolutions until the
A. 53.85 kg B. 69.45 kg C. 79.34 kg D. 82.39 kg wheel stops?
A. 450 rev B. 500 rev C. 300 rev D. 600 rev
3. A 60 lb block is place in a horizontal plane with coefficient of friction of 0.20. Find the force needed to move the
block horizontally. 19. Two cars A and B accelerates from a stationary start. The acceleration of A is 4 ft/s2 and that of B is 5 ft/s2. If B
A. 56.34 N B. 53.39 N C. 73.57 N D. 84.56 N was originally 20 feet behind A, how long will it take B to overtake A?
A. 3.45 sec B. 6.32 sec C. 8.20 sec D. 10.34 sec
4. A 70 kg block needs 196.60 N to move horizontally. Find the friction between the block and the plane.
A. 0.15 B. 0.24 C. 0.286 D. 0.309 20. Bombs from a plane drops at a rate of one per second. Calculate the vertical distance between two bombs after
the first had dropped for 7 seconds. Assume freely falling body with g = 9.8 m/s2.
5. A 30 kg mass is suspended by a rope. What is the tension in the rope? A. 63.70 m B. 66.70 m C. 66.70 m D. 75.70 m
A. 294.30 N B. 127.34 N C. 139.45 N D. 143.23 N
21. How much does a 50 lb object weight on the moon (gmoon = 5.47 ft/s2)?
6. A girder weighing 18,000 lb is suspended by a cable 100 ft long. What horizontal pull is necessary to hold it 8 ft A. 3.39 lb B. 5.93 lb C. 7.83 lb D. 8.49 lb
from the vertical position?
A. 703.23 lb B. 1444.63 lb C. 901.67 lb D. 1082.34 lb 22. What force is acting if a 70-slug object accelerates at 8 ft/sec ?
2

A. 300 lb B. 560 lb C. 400 lb D. 450 lb

7. Determine the single force that will replace the following coplanar forces: 120 N, 30o; 200 N, 110o; 170 N, 240o;
and 80 N, 300o. 23. A force of 45 N causes an acceleration of 2 m/s2 when acting on a 7 kg mass. What is the frictional force also
A. 12.83 N B. 22.83 N C. 32.83 N D. 42.83 N acting?
A. 11 N B. 21 N C. 31 N D. 41 N
8. Six weights of 25, 20, 45, 25, 15 and 35 lbs hang in one plane from a horizontal support at distances 2, 3, 5, 7,
10, 12 ft respectively, from the wall. What single force would replace these six weights? 24. An elevator weighing 4,000 lb attain an upward velocity of 20 fps in 6 sec with uniform acceleration. The tension
A. 165 lb, 5.74 ft from the wall B. 165 lb, 6.14 ft from the wall in the supporting cable is:
C. 165 lb, 6 ft from the wall D. 165 lb, 6.54 ft from the wall A. 3084 lbs B. 3186 lbs C. 4414 lbs D. 3373 lbs
9. What is the acceleration of a body that increases in velocity from 25 m/s to 50 m/s in 8 sec? 25. A car of mass m = 1200 slugs accelerates in 12 seconds from rest at a constant rate to a speed of v = 25 ft/s.
A. 2 m/s2 B. 8 m/s2 C. 4 m/s2 D. 3.125 m/s2 What is the resultant force on the car due to this acceleration?
A. 1000 lb B. 2000 lb C. 2500 lb D. 4000 lb
10. A stone is dropped over a cliff and falls for 10 seconds before reaching the bottom. How high above the bottom
is the cliff? 26. A man weighs himself in an elevator. When the elevator is at rest, he weighs 165 pounds; when the elevator
A. 302 m B. 306 m C. 310.60 m D. 490.50 m starts moving upwards, he weighs 200 pounds. How fast is the elevator accelerating, assuming constant
acceleration?
11. If a car traveling at 50 mph suddenly locks its brakes and skids 350 ft, how long will it take for the car to come to a A. 6.83 ft/s2 B. 2.17 ft/s2 C. 4.35 ft/s2 D. 4.35 ft/s2
complete stop?
A. 3.3 sec B. 8.18 sec C. 6.7 sec D. 9.54 sec 27. A truck weighing 4 kips moves a slope of 20o. What is the force generated by the engine if the truck is
accelerating at a rate of 9 ft/s2? Assume f = 0.10.
12. A bicycle moves with a constant deceleration of -3 ft/s . If the initial velocity of the bike was 12 ft/s, how far does
2
A. 1700 lb B. 2862 lb C. 1920 lb D. 1905 lb
it travel in 3 seconds?
A. 19 ft B. 20 ft C. 21.50 ft D. 22.50 ft
28. A 20 kg box is released from rest and travel down from a 30° inclined plane. If the coefficient of friction is 0.3,
what will be the velocity of the box when it travels 12 m from its initial position?
13. A ball is dropped from a height of 86 m above ground. How long does it take to hit the ground?
A. 2.56 m/s B. 8.02 m/s C. 10.60 m/s D. 7.52 m/s
A. 1.32 s B. 2.16 s C. 4.19 s D. 5.50 s
29. A projectile is launched at 45 deg from horizontal with an initial velocity of 3400 ft/s. If the mass of the projectile is
40 lbm, what is the total kinetic and potential energy possessed by the projectile at t = 13 sec?
A. 9229 Btu B. 8300 Btu C. 8300 ft-lbf D. 1.4 x 106 ft-lbf

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 44. A safe weighing 600 lb is to be lowered at a constant speed down skids 8 ft long from a truck 4 ft high. If the
30. Four turns of rope around a horizontal post will hold a 1000 lb weight with a pull of 10 lb, find the coefficient of coefficient is sliding friction between safe and skid 0.3, how great a force parallel to the plane is needed?
friction between the rope and post? A. 140 lbs B. 142 lbs C. 155 lbs D. 144 lbs
A. 0.18 B. 0.22 C. 0.16 D. 0.30
45. A roller starts from rest at the highest point of the track 30 m above the ground. What speed will it have at ground
31. A 250 lb block is initially at rest on a flat surface that is included at 30 degrees. If the coefficient of kinetic friction level if the effect of friction is neglected?
is 0.30 and the coefficient of static friction is 0.40, find the force required to start the block moving up the plane. A. 35.6 m/s B. 58.8 m/s C. 65.2 m/s D. 24.5 m/s
A. 190 lb B. 212 lb C. 125 lb D. 75 lb
46. An automobile moving at a constant velocity of 15 m/sec passes a gasoline station. Two seconds later, another
32. A box is pushed along the floor by a force of 40 lb making an angle of 30˚ with the horizontal. Find the horizontal automobile leaves the gasoline station and accelerates at a constant rate of 2 m/s2. How soon will the second
and vertical components of the force. automobile overtake the first?
A. F = 32.6 lbs, F = 34.6 lbs C. F = 34.6 lbs, F = 20.0 lbs A. 15.3 sec B. 16.8 sec C. 13.5 sec D. 18.6 sec
B. F = 36.0 lbs, F = 36.0 lbs D. F = 34.6 lbs, F = 37.6 lbs
47. A ball is dropped from s height of 60 meters above ground. How long does it take to hit the ground?
33. A hockey puck leaves a player’s stick with a velocity of 30 ft/sec and slides 120 ft before coming to rest. Find the A. 2.1 s B. 3.5 s C. 5.5 s D. 2.3
coefficient of friction between the puck and the ice.
A. 0.217 B. 0.127 C. 0.117 D. 0.317 48. If a particle’s position is given by the expression x(t)= 3.4 -5.4 t meters, what is the acceleration of the particle
after t = 5 seconds?
34. If a force of 86 lb parallel to the surface of a 20° inclined plane will push a 120-lb block up the plane at constant A. 1.02 m/ � B. 102 m/ � C. 3.40 m/ � D. 18.1 m/ �
speed, what force parallel to the plane will push it down at constant speed?
A. 4.06 lbs B. 45.1 lbs C. 86.5 lbs D. 40.04 lbs 49. A train changes its speed uniformly from 60 mi/hr to 30 mi/hr in a distance of 1500 ft. What is its acceleration?
A. -1.94 ft/ � B. 2.04 ft/ � C. -2.04 ft/ � D. 1.94 ft/ �
35. A block is dragged up an inclined plane of slope angle 20° by a force F making an angle of 30° with the plane.
How large will the component Fy then be in order that if the component Fx parallel to the plane shall be 16 lb? 50. A car starts from rest and has a constant acceleration of 3 ft/ � . Find the average velocity during the first 10
A. 9.2 B. 11 C. 12 D. 14 seconds of motion.
A. 13 ft/sec B. 15 ft/sec C. 14 ft/sec D. 12 ft/sec
36. Find the magnitude of the resultant of two 10-lb forces applied at the same point when the angle between the
forces is 1300. 51. A balloon, rising vertically with a velocity of 16 ft/sec. releases a sandbag at an instant when the balloon is 64ft.
A. 7.8 lbs B. 18.1 lbs C. 19.8 lbs D. 8.5 lbs above the ground. Compute the position of the sandbag ¼ after its release.
A. 5ft B. 3ft C. 1ft D. 2ft
37. A roller whose diameter is 20 in weighs 72 lb. What horizontal force is necessary to pull the roller over a brick 2
in high when the force if applied at the top? 52. An object is thrown vertically upward. It has a speed of 32 ft/sec when it has reached one-half its maximum
A. 20 lbs B. 30 lbs C. 24 lbs D. 28 lbs height. How high does it rise?
A. 28 ft B. 30 ft C. 32 ft D. 32 ft
38. Two 10-lb weights are suspended at opposite ends of a rope which passes over a light frictionless pulley. The
pulley is attached to a chain which goes to the ceiling. What is the tension in the chain? 53. When a train has a speed of 10 mph eastward, raindrops which are falling vertically with respect to the earth
A. 8 lbs B. 10 lbs C. 12 lbs D. 20 lbs make traces on the windows of the train which are inclined 30° to the vertical. What is the velocity of the raindrop
with respect to the earth?
39. A 10” diameter pulley is belt driven with a net torque of 250 ft-lbs. The ratio of tension in the tight to slack sides of A. 22 mph B. 17.6 mph C. 10 mph D. 20 mph
the belt is 4 to 1. What is the maximum tension in the belt?
A. 250 lbs B. 83 lbs C. 800 lbs D. 500 lbs 54. A ball rolls of the edge of a horizontal tabletop 4 ft. high and strikes the floor at a distance of 5 ft. horizontally
from the edge of the table. What was the velocity of the ball at the instant of leaving the table?
40. A rope is stretched between two rigid poles 30 feet apart. A load of 80 lbs was placed at midpoint of the rope A. 15 fps B. 25 fps C. 5 fps D. 10 fps
caused it to sag 7 feet. What is the approximate tension in the rope in lbs?
A. 104.33 B. 59.45 C. 94.59 D. 84.95 55. A river flows due North with a velocity of 3 mph. A man rows a boat across the river, his velocity relative to the
water being 4 mph, due East. What is his velocity relative to the earth?
41. An object weighing 425 N is held by a rope that passes over a horizontal drum. The coefficient of friction A. 3 mph B. 4 mph C. 5 mph D. 8 mph
between the rope and the drum is 0.27. If the angle of contact is 160 deg, determine the force that will raise the
object. 56. A ball is dropped from the cornice of a building takes 0.25 sec to pass a window 9 ft high. How far is the top of
A. 871 N B. 851 N C. 881 N D. 903 N the window below the cornice?
A. 15 ft B. 16 ft C. 17 ft D. 18 ft
42. A pipeline crossing a river is suspended from a steel cable stretched between two posts 128 m apart. The weight
of the pipe is 11 kg/m while the cable weighs 1 kg/m assumed to be uniformly distributed horizontally. If the 57. A body moving with constant acceleration covers the distance between two points 180 ft apart in 6 sec its
allowed sag is 4m, determine the tension of the cable at the post. velocity as it passes the second point is 45 ft/sec. What is its acceleration?
A. 6 B. 6191.81 kg C. 6918.92 kg D. 6119.98 kg A. 15 ft/sec2 B. 5 ft/sec2 C. 10 ft/sec2 D. 20 ft/sec2

43. One end of a rope 50 ft long is attached to an automobile. The other is fastened to a tree. A man exerts a force 58. A batted baseball leaves the bat at an angle of 300 above the horizontal and is caught by an outfielder 400 ft
of 100 lb at the midpoint of the rope, pulling it 2 ft to the side. What is the force exerted on the automobile? from the plate. What was the initial velocity of the ball?
A. 625 lbs B. 620 lbs C. 846 lbs D. 528 lbs A. 116 ft/sec B. 128 ft/sec C. 122 ft/sec D. 126 ft/sec

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59. A billiard ball whose diameter is 80 mm. What is the height above the billiard table will the cue ball strike the
billiard ball so that it will roll frictionless?
A. 55 mm B. 56 mm C. 60 mm D. 40 mm

60. A golf ball is driven horizontally from an elevated tee with a velocity of 80 ft/sec. It strikes the fairway 2.5 seconds
later. How far has it fallen vertically?
A. 105 ft B. 120 ft C. 100 ft D. 130 ft

ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A

6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. D

11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A

16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D

21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. C

26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. A

31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. C

36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. C

41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D

46. B 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. B

51. B 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. C

56. B 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. C

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER II. IMPULSE & MOMENTUM
Cebu Main: 4th floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 Linear momentum - is the product of its mass and velocity.
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 Impulse - is the product of the force and time during which it acts.

ENGINEERING SCIENCES (PHYSICS & MECHANICS) – DAY 16 1. Momentum = m v = ( W / g) v

where: m = mass
v = velocity
I. WORK, POWER & ENERGY:
2. Impulse = F t
1. ENERGY
where: F = impulsive force
A. Potential Energy, PE = (m g) x h, N t = time, sec

1 W 2 3. Law of Conservation of Momentum

B. Kinetic Energy KE = m v2 = v
2 2g
m1 v1 + m2 v2 = m1’ v1’ + m’2 v’2

C. Kinetic energy of rotating body: KE = 1 I w 2, N-m where: v1 & v2 = are velocities before impact
2 v1’ & v2’ = are velocities after impact

where: I = moment of inertia, kg . m2 Note: When two bodies are coupled together after impact, their velocity
w = angular speed, rad/sec after impact are equal. If stationary, the velocity is zero.

D. Energy consumed: Energy = Power x time

4. Coefficient of Restitution
Is the ratio between the relative speeds of two colliding objects after and before they collide.

v1' - v 2 '
2. WORK e =
v1 - v 2
Work = Force x Distance

Work = Fx (distance) = F cos θ (distance)

v2
5. If the object is hanging: h =
2g

3. POWER

Power = Force x velocity

Power = Force x Dis tan ce
time
Power = Work
time
Power = Energy III. CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
time
Power = 2 π T N (for rotating shaft) Centrifugal Force - is the force that tends to move rotating bodies away from the center of rotation.
Power = w Q h Centripetal Force - the force that tends to move rotating bodies toward the center of rotation.
Power = mf Qh (for fuel)
Po Wo Eo
EFFICIENCY, e = Power Output / Power Input e = = = ACCELERATION
Pi Wi Ei aN = Normal acceleration = v 2 / r
aT = Tangential acceleration = dv/dt
Note: 1 Hp = 33,000 ft-lb/min = 2545 Btu/hr = 42.42 Btu/min = 0.746 KW
a = total acceleration = 2
aN + a T
2

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 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
1. If the object is moving in a circular horizontal track: 3. A winch lifted a mass of 1600 kg through a height of 25 m is 30 sec. If the efficiency of the winch is 60%,
calculate the energy consumed in kwh.
W v Wv
2 2
Fc = ma = a=m = , lbs or N
g r gr
IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
where:
1. A 60-ton railcar moving at 1 mi/hr is instantaneously coupled stationary 40-ton railcar. What is the speed of
v = velocity, m/s
coupled cars?
r = radius of curvature, m
A. 0.88 mi/hr B. 1.0 mi/hr C. 0.60 mi/hr D. 0.40 mi/hr
f = coefficient of friction
a = acceleration, m/s2
2. Two particles collide, stick together, and continue their motion together. Each particle has a mass of 10 g, and
m = mass, kg
their respective velocities before the collision were 10m/s and 100 m/s. What is the energy of the system after
W = weight, N
the collision?
g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2
A. 21.8 J B. 30.2 J C. 42.8 J D. 77.9 J

2. For circular vertical rotation of object:

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
If the object position is on top:
1. A mass of 2 kg moves in a circle of radius 0.50 m at 5 rps. Calculate the centrifugal force on the body.
Fc = T + W
T = Fc – W 2. Compute the angle required in degrees for the road to be slanted to prevent an automotive traveling at 25 m/s
from tending to slip. The radius of curvature is 200 m.
Where: W = weight A. 21 B. 14 C. 18 D. 16
T = cable tension
3. A concrete highway curve with a radius of 600 ft is banked to give lateral pressure equivalent to f = 0.18. For
If the object position is at the bottom: what coefficient of friction will skidding impend for a speed of 60 mph?

T = Fc + W

BANKING CURVES:
IV. SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
1. Banked curve 2. Unbanked curve
Q = heat dissipated

Q = m cp (t2 – t1)

where:
m = mass of substance
cp = specific heat of substance
a v2 a v2
tan(q + x ) = f = = tan x = f = = t1 = initial temperature t2 = final temperature
g gR g gR Heat gain = Heat loss
Qgain = Qloss
where: f = coefficient of friction
R = radius of curvature
x = side thrust friction angle
[m c (t
1 p e
]
- t1) gain
= [m2
]
cp ( t 2 - t e )
loss
q = super elevation angle or banking angle te = equilibrium temperature
h = super elevation
PHASES OF WATER
For water:
PROBLEMS: QT = total heat needed to convert solid to vapor
QT = m cps (0 – t1) + m Lf + m cpL (100 – 0) + m Lv + mv cpv (t2 – 100)
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
1. A force of 200 lb (890 N) acts on a block at an angle of 28o with respect to horizontal. The block pushes 2 feet SI unit English Unit
(0.609 m) horizontally. What is the work done by this force, J? cp of liquid 4.187 KJ/kg-oK 1 Btu/lb-oR
cp of solid 2.090 KJ/kg-oK 0.5 Btu/lb-oR
2. A solid disk flywheel (I = 200 kg-m2) is rotating with a speed of 900 rpm. What is the rotating kinetic energy? cp of vapor 2.0 KJ/kg-oK 0.49 Btu/lb-oR

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Latent heat of fusion of solid: PARALLEL RESISTANCE
Lf = 335 KJ/kg = 144 Btu/lb
1. IT = I1 + I2
Latent heat of vaporization: 1
Lv = 2257 KJ/kg = 970 Btu/lb 2. RT = .
1 1
+
R1 R 2
3. VT = V1 = V2
THERMAL EXPANSION
A. Coefficient of linear expansion INDUCTANCE
∆L = Lf – Lo ∆L = kL Lo (t2 – t1)
1. Series Inductance
where: Lo = original length
Lf = final length LT = total inductance = L1 + L2
t2 = final temperature
t1 = initial length
kL = coefficient of linear expansion 1
2. Parallel inductance LT =
1 1
+
For steel: KL = 6.5 x 10-6 in/in-oF KL = 11.7 x 10-6 m/m-oC L1 L 2

B. Coefficient of volume expansion

∆V = V2 – V1 ∆V = kV V1 (t2 – t1)
PROBLEMS:
where: V1 = original volume
V2 = final volume
t2 = final temperature SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
t1 = initial length
kV = coefficient of linear expansion 1. How many hours would it take to boil down 1.2 kg of water in a kettle if a constant supply of heat at 1.25 kW is
supplied to the kettle?
A. 36 hrs B. 52 hrs C. 18 hrs D. 0.6 hrs

OHM’S LAW 2. In order to cool 1 ton (1000 kg) of water at 20oC in an insulated tank, a person pours 80 kg of ice at -5oC into the
States that voltage is directly proportional to current. water. Determine the final equilibrium temperature in the tank. The melting temperature and the heat of fusion
of ice at atmospheric pressure are 0oC and 333.7 KJ/kg, respectively.
1. Charge, Q Q = charge = Current x time in seconds = I x t , coulomb A. 12.43oC B. 14.43oC C. 16.43oC D. 18.43oC

2. Energy = V Q, Joules = V I t, Joules

THERMAL EXPANSION
3. Power = VI = I2 R = V2/R, watts
1. A fiber optic cable was laid under the Pacific Ocean from one country to another, a distance of 13,300 km. The
4. Resistance - is the opposition of the flow of current cable was unreeled from shipboard at a mean temperature of 22oC and dropped to the ocean floor having a
R = wire resistance R = r L mean temperature of 5oC. The coefficient of linear expansion of the cable is 75 x 10-6/oC. Determine the length
A of the cable that must be carried on the ship to span the 13,300 km.
A. 13,130 km B. 13,283 km C. 13,470 km D. 13,317 km
where: ρ = wire resistivity
L = wire length
A = cross-sectional area of wire
OHM’S LAW
Area in Circular Mills (CM) for given diameter in inches: A = (d x 1000)2, CM
1. How long must a current of 5.0 amperes pass through a 10-ohm resistor until a charge of 1200 coulombs passes
through?
SERIES RESISTANCE A. 1 min B. 2 min C. 3 min D. 4 min
1. IT = I1 = I2 2. What is the power required to transfer 97,000 coulombs of charge through a potential rise of 50 volts in one
2. RT = R1 + R2 hour?
3. VT = V1 + V2 A. 0.5 kW B. 0.9 kW C. 1.3 kW D. 2.8 kW
4. P = VI = I2 R = V2/ R, watts
3. A 12 DC electrical motor draws a current of 15 amps. How much work in KJ does this motor produce over a 10-
minute period of operation?
A. 108.0 B. 129.6 C. 216.0 D. 318.2

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER 13. An engine burns 2 liter of fuel each 15 minutes. The fuel has a specific gravity of 0.85, and a heating value of 45
Cebu: 4TH Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) MJ/kg. The engine has an efficiency of 35%. What is the brake horsepower of the engine?
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 A. 30 hp B. 39.88 hp C. 16.76 hp D. 20.95 hp

PHYSICS AND MECHANICS 14. A solid disk flywheel (I = 250 kg-m2) is rotating with a speed of 600 rpm. What is the rotating kinetic energy?
A. 526.38 KJ B. 693.29 KJ C. 753.00 KJ D. 493.48 KJ
PROBLEM SET # 16 15. A winch lifted a mass of 1500 kg through a height of 35 m is 15 sec. If the efficiency of the winch is 75%,
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. calculate the energy consumed in kwh.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: A. 0.1718 B. 0.1907 C. 0.1817 D. 0.218
1. A ball is dropped from a height of 60 meters above the ground. How long does it take to hit the ground? 16. A concrete highway curve with a radius of 600 ft is banked to give lateral pressure equivalent to f = 0.18. For
(Acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/ � ) what coefficient of friction will skidding impend for a speed of 60 mph?
A. 2.1 sec B. 5.5 sec C. 1.3 sec D. 3.5 sec A. 0.374 B. 0.452 C. 0.123 D. 0.206
2. A 10 g blocks slides with a velocity of 20 cm/sec on a smooth level surface and makes a head on collision with a 17. A car is moving on a horizontal track around a curve of 1,000 ft radius with a speed of 60 mph. A weight of 25 lb
30-gram block moving in the opposite direction with a velocity of 10 cm/sec. If the collision is perfectly elastic is suspended from the ceiling by a 6 ft cord. What is the horizontal displacement of the weight?
what is the velocity of the 30-gram block after the collision? A. 1.40 ft B. 2.74 ft C. 3.94 ft D. 4.28 ft
A. 15 cm/sec B. 10 cm/sec C. 25 cm/sec D. 5 cm/sec
18. Traffic travels at 60 mph around a banked highway curve with a radius of 2000 ft. What banking angles is
3. A steel ball weighing 200 lbs sides on a flat, horizontal floor surface and strikes a stationary wooden ball necessary such that friction will not be required to resist the centrifugal force?
weighing 200 lbs. If the steel ball has a velocity of 16.7 ft/sec at impact, what is its velocity immediately after A. 2.73o B. 6.85o C. 5.49o D. 8.23o
impact? Assumes a frictionless floor and the collision is perfectly elastic.
A. 8.35 ft/sec B. -16.7 ft/sec C. zero D. -8.35 ft/sec 19. If a car travels at 18 m/s and the track is banked 8o, what is the smallest radius it can travel without skidding?
A. 260.45 m B. 276.45 m C. 235.00 m D. 290.13 m
4. Two men pull horizontally on ropes attached to a post, the angle between the ropes being 45°. If man A exerts a
force of 150 lb and man B a force of 100 lb, find the magnitude of the resultant force and the angle it makes with 20. A copper laboratory tank has a diameter (at 27°C) of 0.50 m. What will be the new diameter if the tank is filled
A’s pull.
A. 198 lb, 30° B. 185 lb, 42° C. 258 lb, 36.5° D. 232 lb, 17.5° with 95°C alcohol? (The coefficient linear expansion of copper is 1.6 x 10-5 1/°C)
A. 480.46 mm B. 500.54 mm C. 480.08 mm D. 483.45 mm
5. A 0.25 N bullet traveling at 500 m/s hits a 44.75 N block suspended vertically by a 3 m long string. Find the
maximum angle in which the string makes with the vertical if the bullet imbeds itself in the block. 21. A 2 kg iron container holds 5 kg of water in thermal equilibrium at 25°C. Two liters of 90°C water are
A. 33o B. 40o C. 28.9o D. 30o subsequently added to the container. What is the final temperature of the container and the water? (Assume the
specific heat constant for iron is 500 J/kg°C)
6. A ball is dropped onto a solid floor from an initial height, ℎ .If the coefficient of restitution, e, is 0.90, how high will A. 35.34o B. 37.03o C. 39.66oC D. 42.34o
the ball rebound?
A. 0.81 ℎ B. 0.85 ℎ C. 0.45 ℎ D. 0.90 ℎ 22. Fifty pounds of ice at 32°F is placed in a 120 lb water at 150°F. (The latent heat of ice may be taken as 144
Btu/lb) If no heat lost or added to the mixture, the temperature when equilibrium is reached is:
7. Two particles collide, stick together, and continue their motion together. Each particle has mass of 10 grams, A. 72.94oF B. 84.50oF C. 93.45oF D. 102.34oF
and their respective velocities before the collision were 20 m/s and 90 m/s. What is their common velocity after
collision? 23. A copper bar is 110 cm long at 86oF. What is the increase in its length when the bar is heated to 115oF? The
A. 35 m/s B. 40 m/s C. 50 m/s D. 55 m/s linear expansion coefficient for copper is 1.7 x 10-6/oC.
A. 2.12 x 10-6 m B. 3.03 x 10-5 m C. 5.25 x 10-5 m D. 7.65 x 10-5 m
8. What is the kinetic energy of a 1000 lb motorcycle traveling at 60 mph?
A. 22,500 ft-lb B. 52,300 ft-lb C. 120,248 ft-lb D. 108,000 ft-lb 24. A charge of 600 coulombs passes through a wire every 20 seconds. What is the current in the wire?
A. 5 A B. 6 A C. 30 A D. 8 A
9. A power of 12 kw is supplied to the motor of a crane. The motor has an efficiency of 80%. With what constant
speed does the crane lift a 1500 lbf weight? 25. The voltage drop across a device is 220 volts, and the current drawn is 20 amps. What is the power rating of this
A. 0.09 m/s B. 1.798 m/s C. 1.44 m/s D. 1.52 cm/s device?
A. 0.659 hp B. 1 hp C. 5.89 hp D. 2.01 hp
10. An engine has an efficiency of 36%. It uses 5 gallons of gasoline per hour. Gasoline has a heating value of
20,500 BTU/lbm and a specific gravity of 0.82. What is the power output of the engine? 26. The equivalent capacitance of capacitors C1 and C2 connected in series is 7.3 microfarad. If the capacitance C1
A. 0.33 kw B. 44.39 kw C. 26.0 kw D. 74.36 kw = 9.6 microfarads, what is the capacitance of C2?
A. 2.3 B. 30.5 C. 35 D. 49.3
11. What is the decrease in height of a 4 kg body whose kinetic energy increases from 30J to 180J as a result of
moving downward along an inclined plane? 27. Two resistor 2 ohms and 10 ohms are connected in series and the combination is connected across the 440 V
A. 3.82 m B. 4.83 m C. 5.73 m D. 6.63 m] source. Find the voltage across the 2 ohms resistor.
A. 24 V B. 40 V C. 60 V D. 73.33V
12. A 150 kg box is dragged 90 m down the sidewalk at constant velocity. What work is done if the coefficient of
sliding friction between the box and the pavement is 0.30? 28. Find the heat needed to convert 10 kg ice at -8o to steam at 130oC.
A. 39.73 KJ B. 24.72 KJ C. 29.34 KJ D. 32.34 KJ A. 30,874 KJ B. 8146 KJ C. 9830 KJ D. 10,039 KJ

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 45. A 100-kg man jumps into a swimming pool from a height of 5 m. It takes 0.4 sec for the water to reduce his
29. Find the heat needed to convert 35 lb of ice at 10oF to steam at 250oF. velocity to zero. What average force in newton did the water exert on the man?
A. 10,470 Btu B. 46,340 Btu C. 14,029 Btu D. 16,093 Btu A. – 2,500 B. – 3,250 C. – 4,000 D. – 3,840

30. A single-phase AC circuit is connected to a 220 V source that draws 10 A current. If apparent power of the 46. An object of mass 100 g is a rest. A net force of 2000 dynes is applied for 10 sec. What is the final velocity?
circuit is 2500 va. Find the power factor of the circuit. A. 150 cm/sec B. 50 cm/sec C. 200 cm/sec D. 100 cm/sec
A. 82% B. 84% C. 86% D. 88%
47. A baseball pitcher throws a ball weighing 1/3 pound with an acceleration of 480 feet per second square. How
31. A heater is rated at 1000 watts. If the load resistance is 10 ohms, find current flowing to the circuit. much force does he apply to the ball?
A. 10 A B. 12 A C. 14 A D. 16 A A. 4 lbs B. 5 lbs C. 8 lbs D. 10 lbs

32. A 5 kg block is moving at a speed of 5 m/s. what is the force required to bring the block to a stop in 8 x 10 48. A man keeps a 1 kg toy airplane flying horizontally in a circle by holding onto a 1.5 m long string attached to its
seconds? wing tip. The string is always in the plane of the circular flight path. If the plane flies at 10 m/sec, find the tension
A. 18.8 kN B. 31.2 kN C. 15.4 kN D. 9.2 kN in the string.
A.28N B. 15 N C. 67 N D. 18 N
33. A 3500 kg car accelerates from rest. The constant forward tractive force of the car is 1000 N, and the constant
drag force is 150 N. What distance will the car travel in 3 sec? 49. An object is placed 3 feet from the center of a horizontally rotating platform. The coefficient of friction is 0.30. The
A. 0.19 mm B. 1.3 m C. 1.1 m D. 15m object will begin to slide of when platform speed is nearest to:
A. 12 rpm B. 17 rpm C. 22 rpm D. 26 rpm
34. An elevator weighing 3200 lb rises with an acceleration of 4 ft/sec � . What is the tension in the supporting cable?
A. 3500lb B. 3600lb C. 3200lb D. 3900lb 50. A phonograph turntable rotates at a constant rate of 78 rpm. It is found that a small object placed on a record will
remain at rest relative to the record if its distance from the center is less than 3 in but will slip if the distance is
35. A constant horizontal force of 10 lb acts on a body of a smooth horizontal plane. The body starts from rest and is any greater. What is the coefficient of static friction between object and record?
observed to move 250 ft in 5 sec. What is the mass of the body? A. 0.281 B. 0.721 C. 0.462 D. 0.518
A. 0.6 slug B. 0.8 slug C. 0.7 slug D.0.5slug
51. A stone of mass 1 kg is attached to one end of a string, 1 m long, of breaking strength 500 N and is whirled in a
36. The mass of the moon is one eighty-first, and its radius one-fourth that of the earth. What is the acceleration of horizontal circle on a frictionless tabletop. The other end of the string is kept fixed. Find the maximum velocity the
gravity of the surface of the moon? stone can attain without breaking the string.
A. 192 cm/sec2 B. 190 cm/sec2 C. 194 cm/sec2 D. 205 cm/sec2 A. 22.36 m/s B. 26.23 m/s C. 24.26 m/s D. 21.18 m/s

37. The Springfield rifle bullet weighs 150 grains (7,000 grains=1 lb). Its muzzle velocity is 2,700 ft/sec, and the 52. On a normal day, the speed limit of a hi-way curve is 36 mph. If the curve has a radius of 575 ft, at what speed
length of the rifle barrel is 30 in. Compute the resultant force accelerating the bullet, assuming it to be constant. will skidding impend if the coefficient of friction between tires and roadway is 0.20?
A. 977 lb B. 877 lb C. 748 lb D. 1077 lb A. 81.80 fps B. 61.05 fps C. 76.11 fps D. 82.45 fps

38. A 16 lb block is lifted vertically at a constant velocity of 20 ft/sec through a height of 20 ft. How great a force is 53. A boy on a bicycle pedals around a circle of 22 m radius at a speed of 10 m/s. The combined mass of the boy
required? and the bicycle is 80 kg. If the boy makes an angle “phi” from the vertical without skidding, what is the centripetal
A. 15 lb B. 15.5 lb C. 16 lb D. 17.8 lb force in N, exerted by the pavement on the bicycle?
A. 364 B. 421 C. 396 D. 463
39. A 5-kg block is supported by a cord and pulled upward with an acceleration of 2 m/s2. What is the tension in the
cord in Newton? 54. A device produces 37.5 joules per cycle. There is one power stroke per cycle. Calculate the power output if the
A. 10 N B. 49 N C. 59 N D. 50 N device is run at 45 rpm.
A. 4.69 W B. 28.125 W C. 27.56 W D. 14.063 W
40. The mass of a certain object is 10 gm. What would its mass be if taken to the planet mars?
A. 6 gm B. 0 C. 10 gm D. 20 gm 55. What average horsepower is developed by a 180lb man when climbing in 10sec. a flight of stairs which rises 20ft
vertically? Express this power in horsepower?
41. A hockey rubber ball leaves player’s stick with a velocity of 30 ft/sec and slides 120 ft before coming to rest. Find A. 0.648 B.0.655 C. 0.744 D. 0.568
the coefficient of friction between the rubber ball and ice.
A. 0.217 B. 0.127 C. 0.317 D. 0.117 56. What average horsepower is developed by a 180 lb man when climbing in 10 sec. A flight of stairs which rises 20
ft. vertically? Express this power in kilowatts.
42. A body hangs from a spring balance supported from the roof of an elevator. If the elevator has an upward A. 0.974 B. 0.378 C. 1.466 D. 0.488
acceleration of 4 ft/sec squared and the balance read 45lb, what is the true weight of the body?
A. 36 B. 45 C. 50 D. 40 57. A horse is towing a canal boat, the towrope making an angle of 10° with the towpath. If the tension in the rope is
100 lb, how many foot-pounds of work are done while moving 100 ft along the towpath?
43. If the coefficient of friction between tires and road is 0.5, what is the shortest distance in which an automobile, A. 9848 B. 9829 C. 9284 D. 9748
can be stopped when travelling at 60 mph?
A. 232 ft B. 242 ft C. 252 ft D. 262 ft 58. The hammer of a pile driver weighs 1000 lb and must be lifted a vertical distance of 6 ft in 3 sec. what
horsepower engine is required?
44. A 3200-lb car is slowed down uniformly from 60 mph to 15 mph along a level road by a force of 1100 lb. How far A. 5.34 hp B. 3.64 hp C. 4.63 hp D. 6.43 hp
does it travel while being slowed down?
A. 280 ft B. 362 ft C. 330 ft D. 286 ft

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ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D

6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D

11. A 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B

16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B

21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C

26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D

31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D

36. C 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. C

41. D 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A

46. C 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. D

51. A 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B

56. D 57. A 58. B

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
5. FOR BUBBLES
A. If temperature is not given, it is assumed to be isothermal (T = c)
Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84
th

Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 P1 V1 = P2 V2

B. If temperature is given, use any process:

ENGINEERING SCIENCES (FLUID MECHANICS) – DAY 17 P1 V1 P V
= 2 2 P1 = w h + Patm, abs
T1 T2
P2 = 101.325 kpa or 14.7 psi (if not given)
I. BASIC ENERGY EQUATIONS:
1. PRESSURE HEAD
FRICTION HEAD LOSS
P
P=wh or h=
w
2 f L v2
1. Using Morse Equation hL =
where: P = pressure, gage gD
h = pressure head
w = weight density
wF = density of any fluid f L v2
2. Using Darcy’s Equation hL =
wF = (S.G.)(density of water) 2 gD
For water:
Where: hL = friction head loss
w = 9.81 KN/m3 = 62.4 lb/ft3 = 1000 kg/m3
f = coefficient of friction or friction factor
L = pipe length
2. VELOCITY HEAD
v = velocity of fluid
D = diameter of pipe
v2 g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2
h= or v= 2 gh
2g
3. Pressure Drop in the Pipe
where: h = velocity head
Pd = pressure drop
v = velocity of fluid
Pd = w hL
g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.2 ft/s2
where: hL = head loss
3. VOLUME FLOW

Q=Axv v=
Q Q
A =
A v
where: A = cross-sectional area
v = velocity
Q = volume flow rate II. VENTURI METER
If coefficient of discharge (Cd) is considered, Q = Cd x A x v Venturi-meter - is used to measure the volume of flow.
Pitot tube – is used to measure the velocity of flow.
4. POWER OF A JET

P=wQh BASIC EQUATIONS:

where: P = power 1. Volume flow rate, Q
w = density
Q Q
Q = A1 v1 or v1 = Q = A2 v2 or v2 =
A1 A2

2. Using continuity flow equation: Q1 = Q2

Relation of area and velocity A1 v1 = A2 v2 or v1 / v2 = (D2 / D1)2

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 3. Density, w w = m/Q PROBLEMS:
2
P1 - P2 v2 - v12 BASIC ENERGY EQUATIONS
A. If venturi-meter is horizontal: =
w 2g
1. A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in diameter by 12 in long. The container is held vertically
P1 - P2 v 2 2 - v12 and is slowly moved downward until the pressure in the container is 17 psia. What will be the depth of the top of
B. If venturi-meter is vertical: = -h the container from the free water surface?
w 2g A. 42.36 in B. 59.29 in C. 63.69 in D. 69.82 in

where: P1 = inlet pressure 2. The flow rate of water through a cast iron is 5000 gallons per minute. The diameter of the pipe is 1 foot, and the
P2 = throat pressure coefficient of friction is f = 0.0173. What is the pressure drop over a 100-foot length of pipe?
v1 = inlet velocity A. 21.078 lbf/ft2 B. 23.78 lbf/ft2 C. 337.26 lbf/in2 D. 337.26 lbf/ft2
v2 = throat velocity
A1 = area at inlet
A2 = area at throat
D1 = inlet diameter VENTURI-METER
D2 = throat diameter
1. A perfect venturi with throat diameter of 1.8 in placed horizontally in a pipe with a 5 in inside diameter. Eighty
pounds (80 lbs) of water flow through the pipe each second. What is the pressure difference?

III. BOUYANCY BOUYANCY

A. Weight of Object in Air
1. A 24 inches long rod floats vertically in water. It has a 1 sq. in. cross section and has a specific gravity of 0.6.
Wo = wo Vo = (SGo x ww) Vo What length L is submerged?
Vo = total volume of object
2. What is the density of a stone that weighs 88 N in air and 55 N in water?
B. If the object is floating

a. BF = buoyant force = wF Vd = wF Vo

b. Wo = weight of object in air = Wo = wo Vo

Weight of object = Buoyant Force IV. BEAMS
c. Wo = BF = wo Vo = wF Vd SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
where: wF = density of fluid = SGF x ww 1. Concentrated load at mid-span 2. Uniform load
wo = density of object = SGo x ww
Vd = volume displaced
Vo = volume of the object = Vd + Ve
Ve = volume exposed to air
ww = density of water
PL
C. If the object is submerged Moment = w L2
4 Moment =
BF = wF Vd = wF Vo 8
Wo = wo Vo CANTILEVER BEAMS
R + BF = Wo
BF = Wo - R 1. Couple 2. Concentrated load at free end

Where:
R = weight of object in water
Wo = weight of object in air
Vd = Vo because all volume of object is totally displaced.
Maximum Moment = M Moment = P L

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3. Concentrated load at the mid-span 4. Uniform distributed load PROBLEMS:

BEAMS
2
PL wL 1. A beam of regular rectangular section is 64 mm broad by 100 mm deep and 1.6 m long. It is simply supported at
Moment = Moment =
2 2 each end and carries a concentrated load of 10 KN at its mid-length. Neglecting the weight of the beam, find the
maximum stress in the material.
A. 35.7 Mpa B. 57.3 Mpa C. 53.7 Mpa D. 37.5 Mpa

2. A cantilever of rectangular section is 100 mm broad by 150 mm deep and carried a concentrated load of 15 KN
V. MACHINE SHOP at its free end. Neglecting the weight of the beam, find the distance from the free end where the stress at the
outer fiber is 75 MN/m2.
A. 1.875 m B. 0.875 m C. 2.785 m D. 3.785 m
MILLING MACHINE
3. A beam of circular cross-section is 7 inches in diameter. It is simply supported at each end and loaded by two
A. Cutting Speed, v: v = pDN concentrated loads of 20,000 lb each, applied 12 in from the ends of the beam. Determine the maximum
bending stress in the beam in lb/in2.
where: v = cutting speed A. 7,127 B. 10,690 C. 14,254 D. 3,563
D = diameter of workpiece
N = speed
MECHANICS
B. Time of Milling = Length to be cut = Length to be cut
Cutting rate No. of teeth x Speed, N x Feed rate 1. (ME Bd. Apr. 96) A drop hammer of 1-ton dead weight capacity is propelled downward by a 12 in diameter
cylinder. At 100 psi air pressure, what is the impact velocity if the stroke is 28 inches?
A. 63.2 fps B. 31.6 fps C. 15.8 fps D. 47.4

HACKSAW 2. (ME Bd. Apr. 98) The capsule orbits the earth 180 km above the surface. In what velocity in m/s necessary for
a circular orbit consider the earth radius at 6400 km and at 9.2 m/s2?
A. 8864 B. 7016 C. 7780 D. 8058
Length to be cut
Time = Length to be cut =
Cutting rate stroke Feed
Speed,N x x
rev stroke MACHINE SHOP
For a hacksaw, there is only one cut stroke per revolution.
1. How long will it take to mill a ¾” by 2” long keyway in a 3” diameter shafting with a 24-tooth cutter turning at 100
rpm and 0.005” feed/tooth?
A. 0.136 min B. 0.196 min C. 0.166 min D. 0.106 min
WELDING 2. How long will it take to saw a rectangular piece of aluminum plate 8 in wide and 1 ½ in thick if the length of the
cut is 8 in, the power hacksaw makes 120 rev/min and average feed per stroke is 0.0060 in?
Time = Length to be weld Volume Consumption of gas, V= Vo + Va) L A. 13.11 B. 11.11 C. 14.01 D. 12.03
Welding rate
3. Using oxyacetylene welding method to weld a 3 ft long seam in a 3/8 thick plate at a consumption rate of 9 cu.
Where: V = total gas consumption of oxygen and acetylene ft/ft of weld for oxygen and 7 cu. ft/ft acetylene. What is the total combined gas consumption in cu. ft?
Vo = volume of oxygen consumed per unit length of seam A. 51 B. 48 C. 45 D. 55
Va = volume of acetylene needed per unit length of seam
L = length of seam

CUTTING

Time of Cutting = Length to be cut

Cutting rate

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
14. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.02 m3/s having top diameter of 0.06 m, bottom diameter of
0.02 m and height of 2 m. Find the pressure between the pipe.
Cebu: 4TH Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 104 kpa B. 97 kpa C. 1982 kpa D. 143 kpa
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
15. A perfect venture with throat diameter of 1.5 inches is placed horizontally in a pipe with a 4 in inside diameter.
PHYSICS AND MECHANICS One hundred (100) lb of water flow through the pipe each second. What is the difference between the pipe and
venture throat static pressure?
A. 29.9 psi B. 348,60 psi C. 5020 psi D. 112.46 psi
PROBLEM SET # 17
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. 16. What is the total force on the bottom of a swimming pool if the pool is 20 m by 15 m and it is filled to a depth of 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE: m? Patm = 100 Kpa
A. 10,876 KN B. 11,772 KN C. 12,098 KN D. 13,084 KN
1. Find the pressure at the bottom of a 10 m column of water.
A. 69.45 kpa B. 72.34 kpa C. 83.45 kpa D. 98.10 kpa 17. Compute the total normal pressure in lbs on the interior sides and bottom of a cylindrical water tower 40 ft in
diameter containing water to a depth of 60 ft.
2. A 15 cm diameter pipe is used to handle fluid (SG = 0.90) has a volume flow rate of 177 liters per second. Find A. 18,819,397 lb B. 18,119,397 lb C. 18,419,397 lb D. 18,840,000 lb
the fluid velocity.
A. 6 m/s B. 8 m/s C. 10 m/s D. 12 m/s. 18. What is the density of a stone that weighs 100 N in air and 75 N in water?
A. 2,600 kg/m3 B. 4,000 kg/m3 C. 2,572 kg/m3 D. 26,900 kg/m3
3. Find the velocity of fluid for a head of 20 m.
A. 19.81 m/s B. 21.23 m/s C. 24.34 m/s D. 26.45 m/s 19. A 20 inches long rod floats vertically in water. It has a 1 sq. in. cross section and has a specific gravity of 0.7.
What length L is submerged?
4. Hydraulic efficiency 85%, find Q in li/s. Power developed 10,000 kw under head of 300 m. A. 14.0 in B. 2.4 in C. 9.6 in D. 18.0 in
A. 3997 B. 3452 C. 3271 D. 3623
20. A horizontal cantilever beam, 20 ft long is subjected to a load of 5000 lb located to its center. The dimension of
5. The power available in a jet having a cross-sectional area of 0.007 m2 with a velocity of 25 m/s. the beam is 8 x 12 inches respectively. w = 120 lb/ft, find its flexural stress.
A. 54.69 kw B. 49.12 kw C. 43.92 kw D. 23.09 kw A. 3150 psi B. 2912 psi C. 4625 psi D. 5663 psi
6. What is the expected head loss per mile of a closed circular pipe (15 in inside diameter), friction factor of 0.03 21. A vertical load of 1000 N acts at the end of a horizontal rectangular cantilever beam 3 m long and 30 mm wide.
when 3000 gal/min of water flow under pressure? If the allowable bending stress is 100 Mpa, find the depth of the beam.
A. 38 ft B. 3.580 ft C. 58.37 ft D. 64.54 ft A. 77.46 mm B. 38.43 mm C. 54.77 mm D. 45.34 mm
7. A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in diameter by 12 in long. The container is held vertically 22. A simply supported beam is 50 mm by 150 mm in cross section and 5 m long. If the flexural stress is not to
and is slowly moved downward until the pressure in the container is 18 psia. What will be the depth of the water exceed 8.3 Mpa, find the maximum mid-span concentrated load.
surface measure from the free water surface? A. 0.623 KN B. 0.987 KN C. 1.245 KN D. 4.34 KN
A. 91.38 in B. 9.29 in C. 12 in D. 9.8 in
23. A speedometer of a vehicle changes from 20 mph to 80 kph in 10 seconds. What is the acceleration for the first
8. The pressure drop across a turbine is 28 psi. The flow rate is 60 gallons per minute. Calculate the power output period in m/s2?
of the turbine. A. 1.47 B. 1.57 C. 1.67 D. 1.77
A. 0.802 hp B. 0.41 hp C. 0.98 hp D. 2.54 hp
24. What is the kinetic energy of a 675 kg weight that is moving 24 kph?
9. What is the density of a stone that weighs 100 N in air and 75 N in water? A. 13,000 N-m B. 14,000 KN-m C. 15,000 KN-m D. 16,000 KN-m
A. 2,600 kg/m3 B. 4,000 kg/m3 C. 2,572 kg/m3 D. 26,900 kg/m3
25. A flywheel 1.2 m in diameter accelerates uniformly from rest at 2000 rpm in 20 seconds. What is the angular
10. The flow rate of water through a cast iron pipe is 4000 GPM. The pipe is 1.2 ft and the coefficient of friction f = acceleration?
0.0173. What is the pressure drop over a 250 ft length of pipe? A. 8.5 rad/s2 B. 9.5 rad/s2 C. 10.5 rad/s2 D. 11.5 rad/s2
A. 337.26 lb/ft B. 216.82 lb/ft2 C. 337.26 lb/ft2 D. 23.780 lb/ft2
26. A 300 lb block is to be pushed up on an inclined plane set at 30o. If the coefficient of friction is 0.20, what is the
11. An air bubble rises from the bottom of a well where the temperature is 24C, to the surface where the temperature least value of force required to set the block in motion?
30°C. Find the percent increase in volume of the bubble if the depth of the well is 7 m. Atmospheric pressure is A. 200 lbs B. 202 lbs C. 204 lbs D. 206 lbs
101 Kpa.
A. 71.38 B. 41.57 C. 56.7 D. 38.6 27. A horizontal cantilever beam, 20 ft long is subjected to a load of 5000 lb located to its center. The dimension of
the beam is 8 x 12 inches respectively. w = 120 lb/ft, find its flexural stress.
12. An empty, open can is 30 cm high with a 10-cm diameter. The can, with the open end down, is pushed under A. 3150 psi B. 2912 psi C. 4625 psi D. 5663 psi
water with a density of 1000 kg/m3. Find the water level in the can when the top of the can is 60 cm below the
surface. 28. An occupant moves toward the center of a merry go around at 10 m/s. If the merry go around rotates at 8 rpm.
A. 1.65 cm B. 2.35 cm C. 4.20 cm D. 5.87 cm Compute the acceleration component of the occupant normal to the radius.
A. 6.79 B. 8.38 C. 7.54 D. 6.11
13. A 20 inches long rod floats vertically in water. It has a 1 sq. in. cross section and has a specific gravity of 0.7.
What length L is submerged? 29. A flywheel speeds up from 350 to 850 rpm in 40 seconds. What is the angular acceleration?
A. 14.0 in B. 2.4 in C. 9.6 in D. 18.0 in A. 1.21 rad/s2 B. 1.67 rad/s2 C. 2.34 rad/s2 D. 1.31 rad/s2

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30. A flywheel from rest accelerates at 1.5 rad/sec2 in 18 seconds. How many revolutions did it make? 45. A drop hammer of 1-ton dead weight capacity is propelled downward by a 12 in diameter cylinder. At 100 psi air
A. 23.45 rev B. 38.67 rev C. 45.45 rev D. 56.34 rev pressure what is the impact velocity if the stroke is 28 inches?
A. 63.2 fps B. 15.8 fps C. 31.6 fps D. 47.4 fps
31. The maximum bending moment of a beam simply supported at both ends and subjected to a total load W
uniformly distributed over its length L is expressed by the formula: 46. A truck skids to stop 60 m after the application of the brakes while traveling at 90 km/hr. What is the acceleration
A. WL/8 B. WL2/8 C. WL/2 D. WL2/2 in m/sec?
A. 5.21 m/s2 B. 6.36 C. -7.06 D. 5.78
32. During a punching process of 350 kg flywheel the speed varies from 200 rpm to 180 rpm with 1 m mean
diameter. Determine the kinetic energy needed. 47. The capsule orbits of the earth 180 km above the surface in what velocity in m/s necessary for a circular orbit
A. 3.63 KJ B. 6.28 KJ C. 4.51 KJ D. 5.62 KJ consider the earth radius at 6400 km and at 9.2 m/sec2.
A. 8864 B. 7016 C. 7780 D. 8058
33. The maximum bending moment induced in a simply supported beam of a 200 ft span by a 200 lb load at the
midspan is: 48. A wheel accelerates from rest with a = 5 radian/sec2. Compute how many revolutions made in 4 sec.
A. 25,000 ft-lb B. 15,000 ft-lb C. 30,000 ft-lb D. 10,000 ft-lb A. 3.71 rev B. 6.36 rev C. 7.00 rev D. 20.00 rev

34. Calculate the rpm for machining a cast iron workpiece 6 inches in diameter. The lowest cutting speed for cast 49. A liquid full bucket is to be rotated in the vertical plane. What minimum angular velocity in radian/sec is needed
iron is 50 fpm. to keep the liquid not spilling out if the rotating arm is 1.2 meters.
A. 35.3 B. 31.8 C. 43.3 D. 53.32 A. 2.26 B. 25.6 C. 3.10 D. 2.86

35. To facilitate the milling (roughing) work of a cast iron material using a 1 ½ inch diameter cutter choose between 50. Compute the speed a satellite must have to orbit the earth at an elevation of 100 km. Earth’s radius is at 6400
the two available stock. Find the speed of the cutter in rpm. High speed steel cutter with a cutting speed of 50 km. Assume no change of gravity with the elevation.
fpm. Carbide tipped cutter with a cutting speed of 200 fpm. A. 6320 m/s B. 7120 m/s C. 8740 m/s D. 7920 m/s
A. 389 B. 572 C. 509 D. 412
51. Determine the average time to cut by automatic oxyacetylene (machine crosswise a 4 ft x 8 ft x 4 in thick steel
36. Calculate the cutting speed in fpm when spindle speed of a lathe is turning 8 inches diameter bronze casting plate.
using a spindle speed of 120 rpm. A. 6.85 min B. 318 sec C. 10 min D. 360 sec
A. 220 fpm B. 3016 fpm C. 2510 fpm D. 251 fpm
52. A mass weighing 56 lbs rests on a horizontal surface. The force needed to move along the surface is 20 lbs.
37. If the ultimate shear stress of a 1/8-inch-thick drawn steel plates is 35 ksi what force is required to punch a 1½ Determine the coefficient of friction.
inch diameter hole? A. 0.01 B. 0.112 C. 0.36 D. 0.28
A. 10,011 lbs B. 22,322 lbs C. 11 Mtons D. 20620 lbs
53. Determine the time in seconds to saw a rectangular magnesium bar 5 in wide and 2 in thick if the length of cut is
38. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 24.38 m/s. Then 2 seconds later a second ball is projected 5 in. The power hacksaw does 120 strokes/min and the feed/stroke is 0.127 mm.
vertically upward too with a speed of 18.28 m/s. At what point above will they meet? A. 189 B. 500 C. 90 D. 20
A. 17.62 m B. 15.62 m C. 16.62 m D. 21.62 m
54. A car travels with an initial velocity of 10 m/sec or 36 km/hr. If it is decelerating at rate of 3 m/sec-sec. How far
39. The usual shrinkage allowance specified for patterns to compensate for the expected shrinking of cast steel parts in meters does it travel before stopping?
construction of steel casting in cooling. A. 17 B. 21 C. 19 D. 15
A. 1/8 inch/ft B. 3/16 inch/ft C. 3/32 to 1/8 inch/ft D. 5/32 to 7/32 inch/ft
55. Using oxyacetylene welding method to weld a 3.5 ft long seam in a 0.375” thick steel plate at a consumption rate
40. Using oxyacetylene welding method to weld a 3 ft long seam in a 3/8 thick plate at a consumption rate of 9 cu. of 9 cu. ft/ft of weld for oxygen and 7 cu. ft/ft acetylene. What is the total combined gas consumption in cu. ft?
ft/ft of weld for oxygen and 7 cu. ft/ft acetylene. What is the total combined gas consumption in cu. ft? A. 48 B. 24.5 C. 56 D. 31.5
A. 51 B. 48 C. 45 D. 55
56. A baseball is thrown straight upward with a velocity of 20 m/s. Compute for the time elapsed for the baseball to
41. With the electric arc welding rate of 18 in/min, how long will it take to weld a ½ in thick plate by 3 ft long seam? return. Assume for zero drag.
A. 3 min B. 2 min C. 1.5 min D. 4 min A. 1.84 B. 2.2 C. 2.50 D. 2.04

42. How long will it take to mill a ¾” by 2” long keyway in a 3” diameter shafting with a 24-tooth cutter turning at 100 57. How long will it take to mill a 3/4” by 2” long keyway in a 3” diameter shafting with a 30-tooth cutter turning at 90
rpm and 0.005” feed/tooth? rpm and 0.004” feed/tooth?
A. 0.136 min B. 0.196 min C. 0.166 min D. 0.106 min A. 13.60 sec B. 9.69 sec C. 16.96 sec D. 11.1 sec

43. How long will it take to saw a rectangular piece of aluminum plate 8 in wide and 1 ½ in thick if the length of the 58. Compute for the drill penetration in in/min when a drill turns at 1200 rpm and the feed of 0.005 in/rev. Material is
cut is 8 in, the power hacksaw makes 120 rev/min and average feed per stroke is 0.0060 in? steel.
A. 13.11 B. 11.11 C. 14.01 D. 12.03 A. 1.8 B. 12 C. 3.6 D. 6

44. A flywheel rotates at 120 rpm or 12.57 rad/sec slowed down to 102 rpm or 10.68 rad/sec during the punching 59. Compute the manual cutting time in minutes, of a steel plate 4 ft by 8 ft by 2.5 cm thick with a hand cutting speed
operation that requires ¾ second of the punching portion of the cycle. Compute the angular acceleration of the of 3.8 to 4 mm/sec, cutting lengthwise.
flywheel in rad/sec2. A. 10.42 B. 0.38 C. 1.81 D. 8.16
A. -2.52 rad/sec2 B. 3.15 rad/sec2 C. -2.75 rad/sec2 D. 2.22 rad/sec2
60. A machine shaft is mounted with 16 inches diameter pulley running at 450 rpm. Find the peripheral speed in
ft/min.
A. 1885 fpm B. 1983 fpm C. 2345 fpm D. 2845 fpm

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ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A

6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B

11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D

16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C

21. A 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. C

26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B

31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C

36. D 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. B

41. B 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. C

46. A 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. D

51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C

56. D 57. D 58. D 59. A 60. A

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
Cebu Main: 4th floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 VESSEL IS SUBJECTED TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PRESSURES
Manila: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
Pi (ro 2 + ri2 ) - 2Poro 2
For Maximum Internal Stress: S ti =
Machine Design (SPRING) – DAY 18 ro 2 - ri2

I. PRESSURE VESSEL For Maximum External Stress: S to =

2Piri2 - Po (ro 2 + ri2 )
ro 2 - ri2
THIN WALL PRESSURE VESSEL
If the ratio of wall thickness to the inside diameter (t / Di) is less than 0.07, then the cylinder is considered as thin-wall. where: Sti = maximum internal tangential stress
Sto = maximum external tangential stress
A. For Cylindrical Pressure Vessel Pi = internal pressure
Po = external pressure
ro = outside radius
1. St = tangential stress or hoop stress PDi ri = inside radius
S=
2t
PROBLEMS:
2. SL = longitudinal stress SL = PD i
4t 1. Determine the safe wall thickness of a 30 inches steel tank with internal pressure of 7.82 Mpa. The yield stress
Di of material is at 275.48 Mpa. The factor of safety to use is 2.0.
P Di A. ¼ inch B. 232.6 cm C. 21.6 mm D. 5/8 inch
3. If efficiency of joint is considered: St =
2te
2. A thin hollow sphere of radius 10“ and thickness of 0.1“ is subjected to an internal pressure of 100 psig. The
maximum normal stress on an element of the sphere is:
where: e = joint efficiency
A. 5000 psi B. 10000 psi C. 7070 psi D. 14140 psi
Di = inside diameter
S = tangential stress
3. A cylindrical tank has an inside diameter of 5 in and is subjected to an internal pressure of 500 psi. If maximum
t = thickness of the wall
stress is 1200 psi, determine the required thickness.
Di = Do - 2t
Do = outside diameter
4. A cylinder having an internal diameter of 20 in and an external diameter of 36 in is subjected to an internal
pressure of 10,000 psi and an external pressure of 2500 psi. Determine the hoop stress at the inner surface of
4. For a cylindrical vessel filled with fluid: P
the cylinder.
A. 24,705.16 psi B. 19,028.32 psi C. 13,142.86 psi D. 11,696.43 psi
P = maximum pressure at the bottom = w h = (SG x w) h Di

B. For Spherical Pressure Vessel

II. SPRING
1. If efficiency of joint is not considered: PDi
S=
4t P Tabulated Data of springs: ( p = pitch)
Types of coil end Actual no. of coil Solid Length Free Length
P Di Plain N (n + 1)d np + d
2. If efficiency of joint is considered: S=
4t e Ground n nd np
Di Squared n+2 (n + 3) d np + 3d
where: e = joint efficiency
Do Squared & Ground n+2 (n + 2) d np + 2d
3. Di = Do - 2t
8KFD m
1. Stress of coil spring(Ss) Ss =
pd3
Po
THICK WALL PRESSURE VESSEL
If the ratio of t/Di is greater than 0.07, then the vessel is considered as a thick wall. 4C - 1 0.615 FL
2. Stress factor(K) or Wahl Factor: K = +
D é S + Pi ù Pi 4C - 4 C CL
Using Lame’s equation for internal pressure: t = ê t - 1ú SL
2 ëê St - Pi úû
3. Spring Index (C) C = Dm Dm
where: t = wall thickness d
D = inside diameter i
St = tangential stress Where: Dm = Do – d Di
Pi = internal pressure O
Dm = Di + d Do

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 10. Leaf spring:
8FC3n
4. Deflection(y) y =
Gd
18FL
A. Sf =
where: F = axial load bt 2(2ng + 3nf )
Dm = mean diameter
d = wire diameter
n = no. of active or effective coils B. Sg = 2 Sf
G = modulus of rigidity 3

5. Deflection at solid force(ys) 6FL

C. Smax =
ys = Free length - Solid length
bt 2 (ng + nf )
W

12 F L3
6. Spring rate(K) K = F/y = F1 / y1 D. y =
bt3 E (2ng + 3nf )
= F2 / y2 = constant = F2 - F1
Y F where: Sf = flexural stress
y 2 - y1
F = load at the supports
L = distance of force to produce maximum moments
7. Impact load on spring: b = width of plates
t = thickness of plates
ng = no. of graduated leaves
W(h + y) = F y Fave =
F
Energy = W(h + y ) =
F
y nf = no. of full length leaves
2 2 2 y = deflection of spring
E = modulus of elasticity = 30 x 106 psi for steel
where: F = maximum force acting on the spring
y = deflection on spring
W = weight of the object
h = height of the object
PROBLEMS:
Fave = average force
SPRING

8. For series connected spring: 1. Find the total shear stress in kpa of a helical compression spring when subjected to a load of 220 N. The spring
is made from 3.429 mm diameter music wire with a 50.8 mm mean coil diameter.
y = total elongation = y1 + y2 + y3 A. 1,342,400 B. 644,320 C. 520,970 D. 705,870 or 773,491
F F F
y = 1 + 2 + 3
K1 K 2 K 3 2. A helical spring having squared and ground ends has a total of 18 coils and its material has modulus of elasticity
in shear of 78.910 Gpa. If the spring has an outside diameter of 10.42 cm and a wire diameter of 0.625 cm,
F = total load = F1 = F2 = F3 = K y
compute the deflection in the spring due to a load of 50 kgs.
A. 302 mm B. 490 mm C. 495 mm D. 322 mm

3. A helical spring will compress 18 cm when a 100-kg person drops one meter above the spring. What is the
spring constant in KN/m?
A. 53.5 KN/m B. 35.7 KN/m C. 71.4 KN/m D. 92.8 Kn/m

9. For parallel connected spring:

y = total elongation = y1 = y2 = y3
y = F1 = F2 = F3
K1 K 2 K 3
F = F1 + F2 + F3 = k1y1 + k2y2 + k3y3

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III. SPUR GEAR where: Fn = total load or tooth pressure between teeth
Fr = resisting load or separation load
1. Pitch line velocity, V V = π D1 N1 = π D2 N2 N1 N2 q = pressure angle

2. Speed and diameter relation: D1 N1 = D2 N2

12. GEAR TOOTH PROPORTION TABLE
3. Speed and no. of teeth relation: T1 N1 = T2 N2
Pc Gear Parts 14 ½ o 20o
4. D and T relation: D1 / D2 = T1 / T2 Addendum 1/DP 1/DP
Dedendum 1.157/DP 1.25/DP
5. Speed Ratio = Speed of Driver / Speed of driven C Working depth 2/DP 2/DP
Whole depth 2.157/DP 2.25/DP
6. Center Distance: Clearance 0.157/DP 0.25/DP
Backlash 0.141/DP 0.035/DP
A. When turning in opposite direction: C = D1 + D2 Outside Diameter (N + 2)/DP (N + 2)/DP
2 Tooth thickness 1.5708/DP 1.5708/DP
Fillet radius 0.3/DP 0.3/DP
B. When turning in the same direction or internal gear: C = D2 - D1
2 Where: DP = diametral pitch
N = number of teeth

7. Diametral pitch, DP DP = T DP = 25.4

D M Fr
where: D = pitch diameter, in
T = no. of teeth Fn Ft
PROBLEMS:
N2
N1 SPUR GEAR
8. Module, M M = D M = 25.4
T DP 1. Two mating gears have a center distance of 112.5 mm and the gears have 15 teeth and 60 teeth. Find the
module of the gears in mm.
where: D = pitch diameter, mm A. 3 mm B. 4 mm C. 5 mm D. 6 mm
T = number of teeth
N = speed 2. Two mating gears have diametral pitch of 2 and pressure angle of 20o. If the pinion has 16 teeth and the gear
has 40 teeth, find the radii of the base circles.
A. 4.0 in and 10 in B. 3.76 in and 9.40 in C. 4.35 in and 10.66 in D. 1.57 in and 3.14 in
9. Pc = circular pitch Pc = p D = 2 p C
T T1 + T2 3. Two gears meshing together in opposite direction has a center distance of 20 in. The pinion has 18 teeth and gear
has 72 teeth. Find the diameter of each gear.

10. The product of circular pitch and diametral pitch is equal to π. 4. A spur gear with 14 ½ deg involute has a circular pitch of 13.3 mm. Find the following
A. addendum
B. tooth thickness
Pc x DP = π C. Backlash

11. Dynamic forces on meshing gears:

A. P = 2 p T N, KW

B. T1 = Ft x r1

where: Ft = tangential force

r1 = radius of driving gear
T1 = torque developed on driving gear

C. Total load, Tangential load and separation load relation

Ft
Fn = Ft 2 + Fr 2 Fn =
cos q

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 ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER
13. A cylinder having an internal diameter of 16 in and wall thickness of 6 inches is subjected to an internal pressure
of 65 Mpa and external pressure of 13 Mpa. Determine the hoop stress at the outer
TH
Cebu: 4 Flr. Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84) A. 23.58 Mpa B. 28.45 Mpa C. 37.42 Mpa D. 33.45 Mpa
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438
14. The pressure inside the cylindrical tank varies from 800 kpa to 3200 kpa continuously. The diameter of shell is
MACHINE DESIGN 1.6 m. Find the wall thickness if yield point is 460 Mpa, endurance strength is 200 Mpa and factor of safety of 3.
A. 18.34 mm B. 24.83 mm C. 20.45 mm D. 28.45 mm
PROBLEM SET # 18 15. Determine the bursting steam pressure of a steel shell with diameter of 12 inches and made of 1/4 thick steel
INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice. plate. The joint efficiency is at 85% and the tensile strength is 64 ksi.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: A. 4234.32 psi B. 8382.44 psi C. 4533.33 psi D. 5345.55 psi
1. Determine the internal pressure of cylindrical tank 500 mm internal diameter, 20 mm thick and 3 m length if 16. Determine the safe wall thickness of a 26 inches steel tank with internal pressure of 8 Mpa. The yield stress of
stresses limited to 140 Mpa. material is at 280 Mpa. The factor of safety is 3.
A. 10.06 MPa B. 10.53 MPa C. 11.20 Mpa D. 12.88 Mpa A. 23.23 mm B. 28.30 mm C. 30.12 mm D. 39.23 mm
2. Determine the bursting steam pressure of a steel shell with diameter of 20 inches and made of 5/16 steel plate. 17. A water tank 10 m x 12 m is completely filled with water. Determine the minimum thickness of the plate if stress
The joint efficiency is at 80% and a tensile strength is 63,000 psi. is limited to 50 Mpa.
A. 2,445.6 psi B. 3,150.0 psi C. 5,233.4 psi D. 4,736.4 psi A. 11.77 mm B. 14.55 mm C. 12.66 mm D. 12.44 mm
3. A water tank 10 m x 12 m is completely filled with water. Determine the minimum thickness of the plate if stress 18. Determine the bursting steam pressure of a steel shell with diameter of 10 inches and made of ¼ inch thick steel
is limited to 50 Mpa. plate. The joint efficiency is at 70% and the tensile strength is 60 ksi.
A. 11.77 mm B. 12.66 mm C. 14.55 mm D. 12.44 mm A. 4200 psi B. 10.5 ksi C. 42.8 ksi D. 8500 psi
4. Determine the safe wall thickness of a 50 inches steel tank with internal pressure of 8 Mpa. The ultimate stress is 19. Compute the cutting speed in fpm of a workpiece with 2 inches diameter and running at 100 rpm?
296 Mpa. The factor of safety to use is 3. A. 72 B. 102 C. 62 D. 52
A. 2 in B. 3 in C. 5 in D. 4 in
20. Compute the safe wall thickness of a 76.2 cm diameter steel tank. The tank is subjected to 7.33 Mpa pressure
5. The internal pressure of a 400 mm inside diameter cylindrical tank is 10 Mpa and thickness is 25 mm. Determine and the steel material has yield stress of 215.4 Mpa. The factor of safety to use is 3.
the stress developed if joint efficiency is 95%. A. 1 ½ inches B. 3.89 cm C. 4.09 cm D. 3.59 cm
A. 80 MPa B. 84.21 Mpa C. 86.75 MPa D. 78.42 Mpa
21. A cylinder tank with 10 inches inside diameter contains oxygen gas at 2500 psi. Calculate the required wall
6. A cylinder has maximum load of 2500 kg while the pressure is 2,550 kpa. If the ultimate stress is 55,000 Kpa thickness in millimeter under stress of 28,000 psi.
and factor of safety of 4, find the required wall thickness of the cylinder. A. 10.54 B. 11.34 C. 10.24 D. 12.24
A. 8.45 mm B. 11.42 mm C. 9.34 mm D. 10.26 mm
22. Determine the bursting steam pressure of a hemispherical steel shell with a diameter of 100 inches and made of
7. A spherical tank 15 mm thick has an internal pressure of 5 Mpa. The joint efficiency is 96% and stress is limited 0.0635 m thick steel plate. The joint efficiency is 80% and the tensile strength is 60,000 psi.
to 46875 Kpa. Find the inner diameter of the tank. A. 4,020 psi B. 4,200 psi C. 2,400 psi D. 2,040 psi
A. 150 mm B. 200 mm C. 250 mm D. 540 mm
23. A 16 mm plate is lapped over and secured by fillet weld on the inside and outside to form a penstock 1.5 meter in
8. A spherical tank has a diameter of 10 m and 80 cm thickness. If tangential stress of tank is 16 Mpa, find the diameter. Determine the safe internal pressure, assuming an allowable stress of 140 Mpa on the plate and an
maximum internal pressure of the tank can carry if the wall thickness is 25.4 cm. allowable shear stress of 90 Mpa on the throat side of the 14 mm fillet weld.
A. 1625.60 kpa B. 1863.45 kpa C. 2357.43 kpa D. 3422.45 kpa A. 2.376 Mpa B. 3.590 Mpa C. 2.843 Mpa D. 1.695 Mpa
9. A cylindrical tank has an inside diameter of 5 in and is subjected to internal pressure of 500 psi. If maximum 24. A squared and ground ends spring has a pitch of 20 mm, wire diameter of 12.5 mm. If there are 12 actual
stress is 1200 psi, determine the required thickness. number of coils the deflection when spring is compressed to its solid length.
A. 1.0 in. B. 1.2 in C. 1.4 in. D. 1.6 in. A. 78 mm B. 75 mm C. 77 mm D. 79 mm
10. A thickness of cylindrical tank is 50 mm. The internal diameter is 300 mm and has a tangential stress of 8423.58 25. A spring with plain ends has 15 active coils diameter of 6 mm and pitch of 10 mm. If spring rate is 100 KN/m,
Kpa. Determine the maximum internal pressure. determine the solid force.
A. 20 MPa B. 25 Mpa C. 30 Mpa D. 2358.41 kpa A. 4 KN B. 5 KN C. 6 KN D. 7 KN
11. A round vertical steel tank has an inside diameter of 3 m and is 6 m in height. It contains gasoline with a density 26. A spring rate has a spring rate of 30 KN/m. If wire diameter is 10mm with a mean diameter of 70 mm, determine
of 750 kg/m3. If the allowable tensile stress is 25 Mpa, find the minimum thick required. the number of active coils. G = 80 GN/m2.
A. 2.65 mm B. 2.85 mm C. 3.65 mm D. 1.82 mm A. 6.54 B. 7.82 C. 8.42 D. 9.72
12. A cylinder having an internal diameter of 18 inches and an external diameter of 30 inches is subjected to an 27. A spring has a load of 50 lb. with a spring index of 8. If stress induced is 90,000 psi, determine the wire
internal pressure of 8,000 psi. If the hoop stress at the inner is 13,000 psi, find the external pressure. diameter.
A. 1280 psi B. 1384 psi C. 1450 psi D. 1653 psi A. 0.058 in. B. 0.828 in. C. 0.452 in. D. 0.1157 in.

28. It is found that a load of 50 lb. an extension coil spring deflects 8.5 in. What load deflect the spring 2.5 in?
A. 10.64 lb. B. 12.48 lb. C. 13.48 lb. D. 14.70 lb.

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 44. Compute deflection of a 16-coil helical spring having a load of 120 kg. The modulus of elasticity in shear of
29. A spring sustain 200 ft-lb of energy with deflection of 3 in. Assume that the main coil diameter is 7 times the wire spring is 100 Gpa, outside diameter of 10 cm and with 10 mm wire diameter. The spring is squared and ground
diameter and allowable stress of 100,000 psi, determine the wire diameter. ends.
A. 0.416 in. B. 0.321 in. C. 0.568 in. D. 0.672 in. A. 96.12 mm B. 90.43 mm C. 102.34 mm D. 108.45 mm

30. A weight of 100 lbs. strikes a coil spring from a height of 18 inches and deflects the spring of 6 inches. Find the 45. A spur pinion rotates at 1800 rpm and transmits to a mating gear 30 hp. The pitch diameter is 8 inches and the
average force acting on the spring. pressure angle is 14 1/2. Determine the total load in lbs.
A. 600 lb. B. 700 lb. C. 800 lb. D. 900 lb. A. 123.45 lbs B. 653.45 lbs C. 271.24 lbs D. 327.43 lbs

31. If it is determined experimentally that a load of 20 kg applied to an extension coil spring will provide a deflection 46. Find the Wahl factor of the spring having an inside diameter of 10 inches and wire diameter of 0.75 in.
of 200 mm. What load will deflect the spring 60 mm. A. 1.056 B. 0.374 C. 1.863 D. 1.099
A. 4 kg B. 5 kg C. 6 kg D. 7 kg
47. It is generally recommended and normal for a designer to add a hunting tooth to evenly distribute the wear on
32. Three extension coil spring are hooked in series and supports a weight of 70 kg. One spring has a spring rate of meshing teeth like a 53 teeth gears mesh with 30 teeth pinion. Find the rotation of pinion to mesh same pair of
0.209 kg/mm. and the other two have spring rates of 0.643 kg/mm. Find the deflection. teeth again.
A. 346.71 mm B. 389.30 mm C. 426.71 mm D. 552.66 mm A. 120 B. 81 C. 61 D. 53

33. Four compression coil spring in parallel support a load of 360 kg. Each spring has a gradient of 0.717 kg/mm. 48. A spur pinion rotates at 1800 rpm and transmits to mating gear 30 HP. The pitch diameter is 4” and the pressure
A. 125.52 mm B. 132.52 mm C. 138.52 mm D. 145.52 mm angle is 14 1/2. determine the tangential load in lbs.
A. 495 B. 525 C. 535 D. 475
34. A spring has a diameter of 25 mm and 12 active coils. If a load of a 10 KN is applied, it deflects 75 mm.
Determine the mean diameter of the spring G = 80 GN/m2. 49. A high alloy spring having squared and ground ends and has a total of 16 coils and modulus of elasticity in shear
A. 20 mm B. 134.65 mm C. 150.34 mm D. 40 mm of 85 Gpa. Compute the Wahl factor. The spring outside diameter is 9.66 cm and wire diameter is 0.65 cm.
A. 1.056 B. 1.10 C. 1.185 D. 1.2
35. A coil spring is to have a mean diameter of 50 mm and is to support a load of 1000 N. The allowable working
stress is 415 Mpa and the modulus of elasticity in shear is 80 Gpa. Find the wire diameter of the spring in mm. 50. Two idlers of 28 T and 26 T are introduced between the 24 T pinion with a turning speed of 400 rpm driving a
A. 7.195 mm B. 5.719 mm C. 5.197 mm D. 1.579 mm final 96T gear. What would be the final speed of the driven gear and its direction relative to the driving gear
rotation?
36. Find the tooth thickness of a 14 deg. Involute gear having a diametral pitch of 6. A. 120 rpm and opposite direction C. 80 rpm and same direction
A. 5.33 mm B. 6.65 mm C. 8.45 mm D. 12.36 mm B. 100 rpm and opposite direction D. 100 rpm and same direction

37. A gear set having a gear ratio of 3 is to be used at a center distance of 10 inches. If the gear has 60 teeth, what 51. A spur pinion supported on each side by ball bearings rotates 1750 rpm and transmit to a mating gear at 25 Hp.
must be the circular pitch? The pressure angle is 20 degrees, and the pitch diameter is 5. Determine the tangential load in lbs.
A. 0.7236 in. B. 0.7851 in. C. 0.8970 in. D. 0.7283 in. A. 420 B. 300 C. 360 D. 400

38. Compute the speed of the gear mounted in a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a prime motor with 52. The minimum clearance allowed for meshing spur gears with a circular pitch of 0.1571 and diametral pitch of 20.
250 hp. The spur gear has 25 teeth.
A. 2182 rpm B. 2081 rpm C. 2265 rpm D. 2341 rpm A. 0.007855 B. 0.008578 C. 0.007553 D. 0.007565

39. Find the distance between centers of a pair of gears, one of which has 12 teeth and the other 37 teeth. The 53. Compute the speed of the speed of the gear mounted on a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a
diametral pitch is 8. driving motor with 250 hp.
A. 3 in B. 4 in C. 5 in D. 6 in A. 2182 rpm B. 2071 rpm C. 2282 rpm D. 2341 rpm

40. Two parallel shafts have an angular velocity ratio of 3 to 1 are connected by gears, the largest of which has 54 54. The minimum whole depth of spur gear of 4-1/2 deg involute type with diameter pitch of 24 and circular pitch of
teeth. Find the number of teeth of smaller gear. 0.1309:
A. 14 B. 16 C. 12 D. 18 A. 0.09000 B. 0.09900 C. 0.089875 D. 0.089758

41. All four-compression coil spring support one load of 400 kg. All four springs are arranged in parallel and rated 55. An internal gear is set up with a 5-in diameter pinion and center distance of 18 inches. Find the diameter of the
same at 0.709 kg/mm. Compute the deflection in mm. internal gear.
A. 564 B. 1457 C. 171 D. 141 A. 38” B. 21.5” C. 26” D. 41”

42. A force of 1.1 KN is acting on a 7.5 active coils with wire diameter of 13 mm. The outside diameter of coil is 117 56. A coiled spring with 5 cm of outside diameter is required to work under the load of 190 N with square and ground
mm and G = 80 GN/m2. Determine the deflection. end. The wire diameter is 5 mm, the spring is to have 6 active coils. The modulus of rigidity is 809 Gpa and the
A. 27.6 mm B. 29.8 mm C. 32.5 mm D. 34.6 mm mean radius is to be 23 mm, with 7 mm pitch of the spring.
A. 6.5 coils B. 7.5 coils C. 8.5 coils D. 9.5 coils
43. A spring with plain ends has 15 active coils diameter of 6 mm and pitch of 10 mm. If spring rate is 100 KN/m,
determine the solid force. 57. A helical spring having square and ground ends has a total of 18 coils and its material has modulus of elasticity
A. 4 KN B. 5 KN C. 6 KN D. 7 KN in shear of 78.910 Gpa. If the spring has an outside diameter of 10.42 cm and a wire diameter of 0.625 cm,
compute the deflection in the spring due to a load of 50 kgs.
A. 302 mm B. 490 mm C. 400 mm D. 322 mm

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58. The tooth thickness of a gear is 0.5 inch and its circular pitch is 1.0 inch. Calculate the dedendum of the gear. 72. The smaller of two concentric helical springs is made of 22 mm diameter steel spring and has an outside
A. 0.3183 B. 1.250 C. 0.3979 D. 0.1114 diameter of 100 mm with 10 active coils. The outer spring is made of 32 mm steel spring and has an outside
diameter of 250 mm with 8 active coils. Before load is applied, the outer spring is 25 mm longer than the inner
59. Compute for the tooth thickness of 14 ½ spur gear with diameter pitch = 5. spring. If the load is 90 KN is applied to this rest of springs. Find the rate of each spring.
A. 0.3979 B. 3.1831 C. 0.03141 D. 0.31416 A. 507.5 KN/m, 143.6 KN/m C. 493.8 KN/m, 126.5 KN/m
B. 731.5 KN/m, 212.5 KN/m D. 976.1 KN/m, 318.8 KN/m
60. Compute the circular pitch (in inch) of a pair of gears having a ratio of 4 and a center distance of 10.23. Each
gear has 72 teeth and pinion has 18 teeth. 73. Calculate the wire diameter of a steel spring that could support a load of 50 kg. Allowable working stress is 427
A. 0.8095 B. 0.7825 C. 0.8035 D. 0.8085 x 106 N/m2, the spring mean diameter is to be 44.45 mm and G = 79.3 Gpa.
A. 0.2106 in B. 0.3028 in C. 0.3924 in D. 0.6931 in
61. A 36-tooth pinion with a running speed of 300 rpm drives 120 tooth gear of 14 ½ degrees involute full depth
pressure angle. What would be the speed of the driven gear? 74. A four-wheel vehicle must develop a drawbar pull of 17,500 lbs. The engine which develops 500 hp and drives
A. 1000 rpm B. 100 rpm C. 90 rpm D. 140 rpm 500 hp and drives through a gear transmission a 34-tooth spiral bevel pinion gear which meshes with a spiral
bevel gear having 51 teeth. This gear is keyed to the drive shaft of the 48 in diameter rear wheels of the vehicle.
62. Find the tooth thickness on the tooth circle of a 20-degree full depth involute tooth having a diametral pitch of 3 What transmission gear ratio should be used if the engine develops maximum torque at 1500 rpm? Note: the
circular pitch of 1.0472 and whole depth of tooth at 0.60. efficiency of the bevel gear differential is 80%.
A. 10.7 mm B. 13.2 mm C. 10.1 mm D. 7.9 mm A. 17.493:1 B. 16.667:1 C. 18.562:2 D. 11.492:2

63. A pair of gear ratio of 3 and 60 gear teeth of 14 ½ degree full depth tooth. The diametral pitch is 10. Compute 75. A speed reduction gear box consists of an SAE 4140 steel pinion mounted to a shaft on a 30 HP, 1750 rpm
the tooth thickness on the pitch circle. electric motor. The pinion drives a cast steel (with 0.25% carbon) gear with a speed reduction of 5:1. Assuming
A. 0.570 B. 0.352 inch C. 0.157 inch D. 0.142 inch 20 degrees involute stub teeth and 16 teeth pinion, determine the pitch diameters.
A. 2.67, 13.35 in B. 3.23, 15.43 in C. 2.50, 16.61 in D. 2.45, 20.11 in
64. Compute the maximum deflection of a 20 coils helical spring having a load of 75 kgs. The spring is a
square/ground ends with modulus of elasticity in shear of 79.84 Gpa outside diameter of 101.6 mm and wire 76. A pinion rotating at 1800 rpm and supported on each side by a ball bearing transmit 18 KW to a mating spur
diameter of 9.525 mm. gear. If the pressure angle is 20 degrees and pitch diameter is 102 mm, determine the tangential load.
A. 140.7 mm B. 112.7 mm C. 15.17 mm D. 126.7 mm A. 3,231 N B. 2,244 N C. 1,320 N D. 1,583 N

65. A pair of gear/pinion of 42-tooth and 18-tooth with a diametral pitch of 0.7874 teeth/cm and the addendum is 77. Two shafts are connected by spur gears. The pitch radii of the gears A and B are 207 mm and 842 mm
0.8/p and dedendum 1/p. The gear pressure angle is 20o. Compute the center distance of the pair of gears in respectively. If shaft A makes 350 rpm and is subjected to twisting moment of 236 N-m, what is the tooth
meters. pressure of the two gears.
A. 0.5026 B. 0.3426 C. 0.3516 D. 0.4013 A. 1177 N B. 1255 N C. 890 N D. 878 N

66. An internal gear requires an idler gear if the driving gear of 6 inches in diameter and the center distance of the
idler to the driver is 20 inches. What is the inside diameter of the driven gear?
A. 62 in B. 70 in C. 74 in D. 81 in

67. A cut gear transmits 25 HP at a pitch line velocity of 6000 ft/min. If the service is intermittent the dynamic load is:
A. 244 lb B. 264 lb C. 274 lb D. 284 lb

68. A precision gear transmits 25 HP at a pitch line velocity of 6000 ft/min. If the service is intermittent
A. 244 lb B. 264 lb C. 274 lb D. 284 lb

69. An engine of a motor vehicle with a wheel diameter of 712 mm develops 50 KW at 2,000 rpm. The combined
efficiency of the differential and transmission is 75% with an overall speed reduction of 25 is to 1. Determine the
torque to be delivered by the clutch in N-m.
A. 239 B. 359 C. 432 D. 471

70. An engine of a motor vehicle with a wheel diameter of 712 mm develops 50 KW at 2,000 rpm. The combined
efficiency of the differential and transmission is 75% with an overall speed reduction of 25 is to 1. Determine the
draw bar pull developed in KN.
A. 13.40 KN B. 15.45 KN C. 14.55 KN D. 12.57 KN

71. An engine of a motor vehicle with a wheel diameter of 712 mm develops 50 KW at 2,000 rpm. The combined
efficiency of the differential and transmission is 75% with an overall speed reduction of 25 is to 1. Determine the
speed reduction of travel of the vehicle in km/hr.
A. 10.74 B. 11.69 C. 12.58 D. 13.80

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ANSWER KEY:

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B

6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C

11. A 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C

16. B 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. B

21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C

26. D 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. C

31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A

36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D

41. D 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. C

46. D 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. B

51. B 52. A 53. C 54. C 55. D

56. C 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. B

61. C 62. B 63. C 64. B 65. D

66. A 67. C 68. C 69. A 70. D

71. A 72. C 73. A 74. B 75. A

76. C 77. A

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