STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TANDEM: LANGUAGE

EXCHANGE APPLICATION TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

THESIS

Submitted by:

SUCI ANNISA TIARA

NIM. 150203150
Student of Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan
Department of English Language Education

FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH
2020 M / 1441 H
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, all Praises are due to the Almighty Allah SWT, The Most

Gracious The Most Merciful who has guided me in every step, blessed and given

me the chance, inspiration, and power to finish this thesis. Peace and salutation is

being upon to our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has brought us from the

darkness into the lightness, who has shown us the perfect example of the greatest

human being.

First of all, I would like to dedicate my deepest gratitude and appreciation

to Drs. Ayyub AR, M.Ag as my main supervisor and Dr. T. Zulfikar, S.Ag., M.Ed

as my co- supervisor that always been patiently guided me, for their valuable

advices, supports, insightful comments, valuable correction and immense

knowledge during the thesis writing. My appreciation is also addressed to all of

lecturers at Tarbiyah Faculty of UIN Ar-Raniry. Especially for all the lecturers and

staffs of English Department who have taught, helped and guided me during my

study in English Language Education Department. Thank you so much for all the

motivations and suggestions.

Second I would like to thank and send a lot of love to my family, my

wonderful beloved father Bachtiar M. Yunus and my lovely beloved mother Mutia

whose selfless sacrificial life and their great efforts with pain, tears and unceasing

prayers has enabled me to be in this position right now. Thank you for the patience

ii
and trust you gave me all the time. Also, to my beloved sisters Sharah Tiara, Nina

Isnani Tiara and my beloved brother Ilhamna Tiara for their love, understandings,

supports and kindness.

Next, my thanks are also addressed to my best friends Siti Yauma Fitrah,

Ibnatur Rahmina, Dian Azmi and Umairahayu Sabrina who are always by my side,

supported and encouraged me all the time when I was sad and having a hard time

during my study. Thank you for the inspiration and happiness that we shared

together all this time. Also, special thanks to Unit 5 and 4, PBI students batch 2015

and for all of my friends that I cannot mention one by one. Thank you for all of

your companions all this time. May Allah Almighty bless all of you.

Banda Aceh, December 30th 2019

Suci Annisa Tiara

iii
 ABSTRACT

Name : Suci Annisa Tiara

NIM : 150203150
Faculty : Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan
Major : Department of English Language Education
Thesis working title : Students' Perception on the Effectiveness of Tandem:
Language Exchange Application to Develop
Students' Speaking Skill
Main Supervisor : Drs. Ayyub AR, M.Ag
Co-Supervisor : Dr. T. Zulfikar, M.Ed
Keywords : Students’ Perception; Tandem Application; Speaking
Skill

In this era social media are currently used by many people, including students.
Tandem application is one of social media as the valuable resource to support their
educational communication and collaboration. This research was conducted to find
out students’ perception on the effectiveness of tandem application in developing
students’ speaking skill which conveyed one research question in the research. The
data were collected from interviews and conducted two times on week one and
week two after the students used the application to find out the comparison of their
answers. The participants taking part in this research are 4 students in English
Department of UIN Ar-Raniry. Students are motivated in using tandem as media
for learning language and develop their speaking skill. The students’ partners in
tandem application are American Native speaker which Indonesian language is one
of their target language learning. The students’ and their partners will exchange and
learning their target language together. However, the interview result showed that
the students perception towards tandem application in developing their speaking
skill were not really effective based on students’ answers and their conversation
with their partners in tandem application.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .......................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ ii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. v
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

A. Background of the Study .............................................. 1

B. Research Question ...................................................... 4
C. Research Aims ............................................................. 4
D. Significance of the Study ............................................. 4
E. Research Terminologies .............................................. 5
1. Students’ Perception............................................... 5
2. Tandem .................................................................. 6
3. Speaking ................................................................ 6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8

A. The Nature of Speaking ............................................... 8

1. Definition of Speaking ........................................... 8
2. Function of Speaking ............................................. 9
a. Speaking as Interaction ................................... 9
b. Speaking as Transaction ................................. 10
c. Speaking as Performance ................................ 10
B. The Components of Speaking ...................................... 11
a. Comprehension ...................................................... 11
b. Grammar ................................................................ 12
c. Vocabulary............................................................. 12
d. Pronounciation ....................................................... 13
e. Fluency .................................................................. 13
C. Tandem ....................................................................... 14
1. Definition of Tandem ............................................. 14
2. The Purpose of Using Tandem................................ 14
3. Advantages of Tandem ........................................... 16
4. Disadvantages of Tandem....................................... 16
5. Summary................................................................ 17

v
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18
A. Research Plan ............................................................. 18
B. Research Participants .................................................. 20
C. Methods of Data Collection ........................................ 20
D. Methods of Data Analysis .......................................... 21

CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 23

A. Students’ Perception of Tandem Application ............... 23

B. Discussion ................................................................... 54

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 57

A. Conclusions ................................................................. 57
B. Suggestions .................................................................. 58

REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 59
APPENDICES
AUTOBIOGRAPHY

vi
 LIST OF APPENDICES

1. Appointment Letter of Supervisor

2. Recommendation Letter from the Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan to

conduct field research

3. Recommendation of Conducting Research from Department of English

Language Education

4. Interview Guidance

5. Autobiography

vii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

The English language is the international language that everyone

uses to communicate with each other around the world and in every aspect of

life such as technology. In language learning, examples of this expansion of

the learning environment can be evidenced in the growing popularity in the use

of new language-learning tools, such as apps or games, among others. In

English language learning there are four aspects of language skills; listening,

speaking, reading and writing. All of these four aspects of language skills,

speaking skill is the one aspect of language skills that are productive and

important as other language skills. According to Ladouse (1991: 23) “speaking

is described as the activity as the ability to express oneself in the situation, or

the activity to report acts or situations in the right words or ability to

communicate or express a sequence of ideas fluently”. Furthermore, Tarigan

(1990: 8) states that speaking as the way of communication influences our

individual life strongly. Speaking is the same as an oral skill which are

conventional ways of information, expressing ideas, and thought that have in

mind.

Next, speaking is also defined as a process of building and sharing

meaning through the use of verbal or oral form (Chaney, 1998 and Gebhard,

1
 2

1996). Everyone able to speak naturally, but not everyone able to speak

skillfully and regularly. For some students, who are non-native in English faced

difficulties when they have to speak English. They found that speaking

activities cause nervousness because their environment does not support them

to speak English. They do not have any confident to speak English and shy to

start the conversation in English. However, there are many methods that can be

used to improve students speaking ability, one of them is through media called

"Tandem: Language Exchange”.

In Indonesia, students are familiar with learning application, they

prefer to use media or application to learn and develop their ability, such as

online discussion boards, Skype, blogs, and others. These new applications

allow users to interact and collaborate with one another via social media in a

virtual community (Sa’aleek, 2015, p.60). Students spend more attention and

time on social media. Tandem is an application or media that easy to use in

learning a language. It helps the learners to develop their skills and confidence.

It gives the learners to link and communicate with other people around the

world.

Tandem can help each other in order to make progress in people

learning ability and language skills, especially in speaking. Tandem was

conceived in Germany towards the end of the sixties (Rosanelli, 1992;

Baumann et al., 1999; Macaire, 2004); then it spreads to other countries, first

to Spain, where it was given its present form. Today, Tandem language

exchange or also known as Tandem language learning is using by people who

 3

want to learn, improve and develop their language. Tandem is really easy to

use. Through tandem, the learner has a chance to talk to native speakers of the

language that they want to learn. Each learner learns to understand the foreign

language better and to express themselves more easily, and this is an authentic

oral or written situation. In tandem language learning, second language learners

pair up with native speakers of the target language they are learning in order to

help each other learn their individual language.

“When learning a language in tandem, two people with different mother

tongues work together in order to learn from each other”. (Brammerts, 2003,

p. 28). Thus, a native speaker of Indonesian who is learning English would

collaborate with a native speaker of English who is learning Indonesian. In

exchanging the target language, each person is expected to give the other

learner feedback and correct the mistake that each learner made.

Tandem, nowadays divided into two forms: face-to-face tandem

where students meet in physical meetings and e-tandem where they meet

virtually in different forms, such as oral (audio call, video call, voice message)

and written (text message) which provide in the tandem application. In tandem,

“each tandem learner decides what they want to learn, how and when, and what

kind of help they would like from their partner”.(Brammerts. 2001, p.10)
 4

B. Research Question

To achieve the purpose of the research, the researcher formulates a

research question; What are the fifth year students’ of English department UIN

Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh perception on the effectiveness of Tandem: Language

Exchange Application in developing their speaking skills?

C. Research Aim

The aim of this research conducted in order to develop speaking skill

through Tandem: Language Exchange Application at fifth year students of

English department UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh and to make the learning and

practicing their language more interesting, especially English language and

also want to see their perception whether it will be effective and helpful or not

for them in practicing their English language.

D. Significance of the study

This research is significant in investigating the fifth year students’

perception of English department UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh in English

language in Tandem: Language Exchange Application for speaking. This study

will contribute some positive benefits to students and the researcher. It might

offer new knowledge about other media for the English learning process. It also

gives information about the advantages of Tandem: Language Exchange

Application which is providing English speaker to help students in learning

English. This research is expected to develop students' skills in speaking and

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encouraging the student to speak. Therefore, they can get better in speaking

through the tandem application.

E. Research Terminologies

1. Students’ Perception

Perception is a way of noticing, conceiving or interpreting

something. In other words, perception is a judgment of awareness and

understanding. Schacter (2011) said that perception is the organization,

identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent

and understand the presented information, or the environment. According to

Slameto (2010), perception is a process that involves the entry of messages

or information into the human brain, through the perception of human

beings continuously makes contact with the environment. Robbins (2003,

p.97) describe that “perception as the impression obtained by the individual

through the five senses and then analyzed (organized), interpreted and then

evaluated so that the individual gets a meaning”. Perception is how humans

respond about what they see, listen and hear, and fell in the environment.

Students’ perception can be defined as the students' way of understanding

or interpreting the learning process. So, it can be concluded that students’

perception is the participants' reaction or point of view of how effective

tandem application is in developing their speaking skills.

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2. Tandem

Tandem language learning is a method of language learning

based on mutual language exchange between tandem partners (ideally each

learner is a native speaker in the language the proponent wants to learn.

Tandem language learning happens when two learners of different native

languages work along to assist each other learning they target language.

According to Brammerts (2003) in tandem language learning, two people

who are learning each other’s language work together to help one another

achieve their desired aim, such as improving their communicative ability in

their partner’s mother tongue. The fifth year of English department students'

partners in this tandem is an American Native Speaker which Indonesian is

also one of their target language that they want to learn.

3. Speaking

Speaking is an interactive process of developing meaning that

involves producing, receiving and processing information (Brown, 2001). It

consists of producing systematic verbal speech to convey meaning.. Brown

(2004) states that speaking is a productive skill that can be directly and

empirically observed, those observations always colored by the accuracy

and effectiveness of the test taker's listening skills, that essentially

compromises the dependability and also the validity of oral production tests.

So, in this research speaking is study oral English with American Native
 7

Speaker involving audio call; video call; and voice messages according to

what each learner decided together for learning.

 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. The Nature of Speaking

1. Definition of Speaking

Speaking is one of the important parts of learning a language.

Speaking is the process of interaction and also an activity that we always do

in our daily life to communicate in society. However, speaking according to

Scoot (2005, p.79) "speaking is considered as a productive and oral skill.

Speaking is a cognitive skill, is the idea that knowledge becomes increases

automated through successive practice”. It means that we need a lot of

practice to be able to speak English accurately and fluently in a foreign

language and daily life.

Furthermore, all people in the world have their speaking skills, when

people hear someone speak they pay attention to what the speaker says and

they automatically respond to it. Also, speaking is an activity that people

always do every time in their daily life to communicate with other people.

According to Poerdarminta in Islamiyah (2007, p.14) “the main purpose of

speaking is to send the message for the other one or to be able to communicate

about something in language and it will be understood by someone who

becomes a listener”. In additional, Trigan (1990, p.15) states “speaking is the

ability to pronounce articulation of sounds or words for

8
 9

expressing, stating and conveying a thought, ideas, or feeling”. It is very

complicated because it includes several aspects such as grammar,

pronunciation, fluency, and vocabulary. The object of speaking also are

various; discussion, speech, debate, dialog, and conversation. It can be

considered as the most important of human tools for social control.

So, it can be conclude that speaking is the ability of a human to express

their ideas, feeling, and thoughts by using oral speech in which is usually

involves the speaker. Not only used in conversation, but speaking also used

for interaction, transaction, performance, persuading other people, and

sharing information, knowledge, and ideas to each other.

2. Function of Speaking

Nowadays speaking is one of the important skills in people life. Many

aspects of people lives engage speaking as the priority in almost all contexts

of lives, people communicate with each other to express their ideas, feeling,

thought, and etc. According to Brown and Yule in Richards (2008, p.21-28)

the functions of speaking are classified into three; they are speaking as

interaction, speaking as a transaction, and speaking as performance. Below

are the explanation of these functions:

a. Speaking as interaction

As quoted in Richards (2008, p.22-27) “speaking as

interaction refers to what we normally mean by ‘conversation’ and

describes the interaction that serves a primarily social function”.

 10

When people meet, they will exchange greetings and start to

have a small conversation with some topics to build a comfortable

zone; to be friendly and to maintain the relationship.

b. Speaking as transaction

Speaking as the transaction is concerned with what someone

said or done in order to make people understood clearly. Hodson

and Jones (2006, p.14) clarified that "in this type of spoken

language students and teachers usually focus on the meaning or on

talking their way to understanding".

Moreover, Byrne (1991, p.33) gives a distinction between the

two types of talk as a transaction:

1. Situations where the focus is on giving and receiving

information (e.g., asking someone for directions). There is no

need to pay attention to accuracy, as long as the information is

successfully communicated or understood.

2. Transactions that focus on obtaining goods or services, such as

ordering food in a restaurant.

Donald (2005, p.145) suggests that students need to be

competent at both message-oriented‘ or transactional
language and interactional language, language for
maintaining social relationships.

c. Speaking as performance

As quoted in Richards (2008: p.22-27), “the third type of talk

that can usefully be distinguished has been called talk as

performance”. Speaking as performance refers to public speaking.

 11

This is talk which is done at class presentations, public

announcements and speech which transmit information before an

audience.

According to Jones (1996: p.14), speaking as performance

...often have identifiable generic structures and the language
used is more predictable. ... Because of less contextual
support, the speaker must include all necessary information
in the text – hence the importance of topic as well as textual
knowledge. And while meaning is still important, there will
be more emphasis on form and accuracy.

This type of speaking is often monolog and the language is

more like written language.

B. The Components of Speaking

Syakur (1987:3) as quoted in Dewi (2010:2) mentioned five

components of the speaking skill: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary,

fluency and comprehension. Brown (1997, p. 4) defined the five

components of testing speaking skills as follows:

a. Comprehension

Cohen et al., (2005:51) stated that “comprehension refers to

the fact that participants fully understand the nature of the research

project, even when procedures are complicated and entail risks”.

However, the comprehension in speaking refers to the speakers’

understanding about what are they saying.

However, Longman in Pernanda (2009 : 10) states

comprehension is “understand everything in normal educated

conversation except for very colloquial or low frequency items, or

 12

exceptionally rapid or slurred”. Good comprehension refers to

good understanding. If someone’ language understanding is good,

it will affect the speaking ability.

b. Grammar

It is needed for students to arrange a correct sentence in

conversation, or the student’s ability to manipulate structure and to

distinguish appropriate grammatical forms in appropriate ones. The

utility of grammar is also to learn the correct way to gains expertise

in a language in oral and written form. Heaton (1978: 5) said that

student’s ability to manipulate structure and to distinguish

appropriate grammatical form in appropriate one.

Different from grammar, there is universal grammar which

is a theory of grammar.

In other word, grammar had to be as simple as possible.

Universal Grammar also had integrated into numerous
language special variants structure that kids ought to master
in acquiring their native language (Abdurrahman, 2015, p.
22).

c. Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the appropriate diction that used in

communication. Wilkins in Thornbury (2004: 13) states that

“without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary

nothing can be conveyed”. In addition, it is supported by Ur (1996:

60) that vocabulary is “one of important things to be taught in

 13

learning foreign language because it will be impossible to speak up

without variety of words”.

It means that people who are learning foreign language

cannot communicate effectively or express their ideas both orally

and in written form if they do not have sufficient vocabulary.

d. Pronunciation

Pronunciation is the way to produce clearer language when

people speak. According to Yates (2002 as cited in Pourhosein

Gilakjani, 2016), pronunciation is the production of sounds that is

used for making meaning.

However, Gerard (2000:11) stated that “a speaker who

constantly mispronounces a range of phonemes can be extremely

difficult for a speaker from another language community to

understand”.

e. Fluency

Fluency is the ability to speak fluently and accurately. Signs

of fluency include a reasonably fast speed of speaking and only a

small number of pauses and “ums”. Brown (1997: 4) explained

that “the signs indicate that the speaker does not have to spend a lot

of time searching for the language items needed to express the

message”.

In addition, as explained before, speaking is the same as oral

skill in which the components of speaking are also components in

 14

oral skill. However, according to Abdurrahman (2015), the types

of oral skill or spoken language are various; monolog, dialog, and

coversation.

C. Tandem

1. Definition of Tandem

In general, the meaning of tandem is a group of two people.

However, tandem language exchange is a free learning a foreign language

application. Tandem is a form of second language learning that brings along

speakers with different linguistic competencies and backgrounds to share

their knowledge and learn from one another, guided by the principles of

learners autonomy and reciprocity (Vassallo & Telles, 2008). Tandem allows

someone to decide individually what and how they wish to learn. In tandem,

both users can find a native speaker of their target language, so they can both

benefit from each other's skills.

Moreover, in a tandem language exchange, the users especially can

develop and improve their skills in speaking, not only both people have to

meet in person, but they can learn by text, audio messages, video, and audio

calls. For students, it can make them easier to learn without having to meet

the speaker in person and both of them are exchange and learning the

language together, so it makes them less nervous.

2. The Purpose of Using Tandem

Fluent in speaking is really important in learning language,

especially for foreign language learners. They need to practice their speaking
 15

in order to communicate fluently and efficiently. However, tandem entails

two people who are native in their language to interact and learn each other

native language. The purpose of tandem to make the users having an

interaction and link in with a native speaker and thus get opportunities to

develop their skills in speaking and having a native to correct the

pronunciation. “Support and corrections can also be more individualized in

tandem than in larger groups as the participants themselves can decide what

aspects they want to focus on” (Kotter, 2003: 147).

Furthermore, in tandem, learners spend almost all of their time

practicing speaking and listening skills, because they need to focus on what

the speaker said to understand of what the native said, as well as receiving

supportive feedback and corrections from their partners. Tandem may help

students in mastering speaking through audio messages or audio and video

calls with the native speaker of the target language, so they will not be bored

in learning when they learn with the native speaker. When learning in tandem,

both partners alternate between learning a foreign language and acting not as

teachers but as expert informants on their own language, it is called informal

tandem. Baker (2013, p.64) states that “In informal tandem, there is no

teacher or other target language learners present, the learner has strong learner

autonomy and total freedom to decide which topics or language aspects to

focus on”.
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3. Advantages of Tandem

According to Brammerts (2003: 27–36) in tandem learning, “two

people who are learning each other’s language work together to help one

another achieve their desired aims”. These are normally:

• to improve their communicative ability in their partner’s mother

tongue;

• to get to know their partner better and learn about his or her

cultural background;

• to benefit from their partner’s knowledge and experience, e.g. in

the areas of work, education and leisure.

Tandem is an E-learning application which are greater than the

benefits of traditional learning if e-learning is used and applied in proper ways

(Algahtani, 2011). However, according to Zeitoun (2008), e-learning also

helps in the preparation of the society to globally communicate and to

dialogue with others around the world.

4. Disadvantages of Tandem

Every media and application for learning or E-learning definitely

have some positive and negative side according to the situation and condition

of learning. Tandem language learning application obliges the partners in

working at a distance from one another rather than face-to-face. This means

that each learners remains in his or her own environment, with different

activities, opportunities, schedules and obligations.

 17

However, the distance separating the two partners makes it easy for

one of them to sever communication because of the bad connection in their

area. Poor internet connection is a common challenge that can be experienced

in any location. Hung’s (2012) in other country learners or users also

experienced poor internet. Because of the internet problems, learners may

experience hardware damage and malfunctions. Learners in Bakar, Latiff, and

Hamat's (2013) study experienced hardware damage which made it

impossible to record their voices. The other area of potential difficulty

specific to tandem language learning application arises from the fact that it

uses writing rather than speak.

Also, the difficulty in arranges to have communication because each

partner lives in different areas and country which means they have different

time and they need to arrange first when the two of them can practice together.

5. Summary

This chapter has provided a review of the literature with regard to

the research relevant to this study. This chapter discussed about the nature of

speaking that consists several points, such as definition of speaking; function

of speaking and components of speaking. The tandem application as a media

for speaking practice are also discussed in this chapter. However there are

some advantages and disadvantages of tandem. The next chapter discuses the

methodology of this study, as informed by this literature review.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter is describing the research plan, research participant, method of data

collection and method of data analysis.

A. Research Plan

According to Creswell (2009:3), “research plan is plans and the

procedures for research to detailed methods of data collection and analysis”. In

this research, a research method used qualitative research. This research is

qualitative method because the characteristic is to explain or describe the

research phenomenon. This research focus on descriptive qualitative.

Descriptive method is part of a qualitative approach by using interview

techniques as data collection. Syamsuddin and Damaianti (2006) argued that

“qualitative research as an investigation approach because usually the

researcher collects the data by directly interacting with respondents”.

Meanwhile, Hamidi (2008: p.12) said that “the qualitative method is a

procedure which results in a descriptive data”. In this research, the reseracher

described and explained students’ perception of using tandem application to

develop skill in speaking.

Furthermore, this research are going to be implemented as it is

mention in RPS (Research Plan Scheme) which consists of six processes.

18
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RESEARCH PLAN SCHEME

1. Students’ used tandem

application outside
classroom

- two weeks
- One hour/day
- Each participant has his/her
tandem account
- He/she has to reach his/her
learning target 2. Students' doing
6. Evaluation - Each of them have different conversation with American
Native Speaker.
learning target.
- Students speaking - Free to choose their
improvement between partner among American
day 1 and 2 on the first Native Speaker consisting
week with day 13 and 14 student or non-student
on the second week. who want to learn
Indonesian language.
R

5. Researcher provide
written question related to 3. Students' doing
research question and doing conversation through audio
an in-depth interview to get call; video call or voice
relevant answer. message from tandem.

- What do you think the - They may choose any

advantages of using tandem media they feel
application to your speaking ? comfortable with they
- What do you think the partners to reach their
disadvantages of using 4. Researcher Interview the target language leaning.
tandem application to your students'
speaking ?
- How effective does tandem - After two weeks the
application develop your participant using tandem
speaking ? for practice.
- How is your speaking skill
after and before using
tandem application ?
- What challenges do you face
when using tandem
application to develop your
speaking skill ?

This scheme is modified from action research model by Kemmis and

McTaggart as cited in Burns (2010: 7-9) which consists of four main steps:

planning; acting; observing and reflecting.

 20

B. Research Participants

The participants of this research are the fifth year students from the

English Department of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. Students use tandem

applications outside the classroom as learning media in order to develop their

speaking skills. Moreover, students doing a conversation with the native

speaker (American Native Speaker) of their target language related to daily life

conversation and time that agreed by both speakers. Thus, in this research

purposive sampling is used to choose the sample. Purposive sampling is

composed of individuals or group that provide information.

According to Patton (1990) purposive sampling “is one of the

techniques in selecting participants which focuses on particular characteristics

of the population that are of interest, which will best enable the researcher to

answer the research question". Moreover, Arikunto (2010:183), states that

“purposive sampling is the process of selecting sample by taking subject that

is not based on the level or area, but it is taken based on the specific purpose”.

However, in the research, the researcher invited four students who used the

application to be interviewed to give relevant answers to the research questions.

C. Methods of Data Collection

An interview is the process of interaction asking and giving

information face-to-face between the researcher as the interviewer and the

participants as the interviewees. According to Esterberg (2013) the interview

is a meeting of two person to exchange information and idea through questions

and responses, resulting in communication and joint construction of meaning

 21

about a particular topic. The research instrument in this research is interview

(in-depth interview) as the primary technique of data collection. “The in-depth

interview is a technique that involves conducting intensive individual

interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspective on

a specific idea, program or situation” (Boyce and Neale, 2006, p.3). In this

research, the researcher will provide some written questions to get detail

information from the interviewees in using the tandem application to develop

their speaking skills.

This research used a semi-structured interview in which the

questions are systematically listed and directly answered by the participant.

Each participant was asked the same questions, using the same wording, yet

the only differentiation was in following up questions that were used to clarify

their responses. While interviewing the participants, the researcher would ask

some information about students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of Tandem:

Language Exchange Application to develop students' speaking skills and

recorded the whole interview to support the researcher to obtain the data.

D. Methods of Data Analysis

According to Sunday (2015, p.19) “qualitative data analysis is the

range of processes and procedures whereby we moved from the qualitative data

that have been collected into some form of explanation, understanding, or

interpretation of the people and situations we were investigating”. In this

research, to report the result of the data, the researcher analyzed the data using

thematic analysis. Thematic analysis is the process of identifying pattern or

 22

themes within qualitative data. As stated by Clarke and Braun (2013, as cited

in Maguire & Delahunt, 2017) thematic analysis aimed to identify themes, such

as patterns data that are important and use the themes as address the research.

Moreover, to gain the data, the researcher use voice recorder to

record each answers of participant and transcibed the conversation. In the

transcribed interview, to simplify the data , the researcher used students’ name.

After collecting the data, the data was organized according to the questions and

it would be transformed and analyzed from the interview based on what the

participants said about their perception of the effectiveness of using the tandem

application to develop their speaking skills. Then, the data analysis was

explained descriptively to answer the research question.

 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discussed the result from the data interview analysis.

The purposes of this research is to achieve the answers about students

perception on the effectiveness of Tandem: Language Exchange Application in

developing students’ speaking skill.

A. Students’ Perception of Tandem Application

In this section, the researcher would elaborate the data analysis from

in-depth interview. The interview was conducted two times by the researcher,

first interview was conducted on day 1 and 2 in week one and second interview

was conducted on day 5 and 6 in week two in order to compare and see the

similiarities and differences of the answers from the participants about the

development of students’ speaking skill. The questions were provided to four

students from fifth year of English department UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh .

The researcher addresses six main questions for each week to get students

information about their perceptions on the effectiveness of tandem: language

exchange application to develop students’ speaking skill. It is found that the

results from each participants were varied.

23
 24

I. Week one after using tandem application.

1. The advantages of tandem application.

In interview, the researcher asked each participant about the

advantages that they got from the tandem application. The answer from

each participant is similar. Most of the participant said that one of the

advantages of the tandem is they can get to know not only a native but also

people around the world.

a. Engage with people from multiple backgrounds

Shinta said that one of the advantages that she got from tandem was

she could get to know various people from other countries and learn

various languages from her learning partners in tandem. As Shinta

said:

We can get to know people from everywhere, not only one

country, but many countries in all around the world. We also
can learn many languages, such as English, Japanese, Chinese
language and etc.

Similarly, Dara continued that the advantages that she got from

tandem were she could find new friends to learn with and found out

the cultures from her partners’ countries in tandem. As Dara

answered: “... one of the advantage is to find your friend for practice

English and also I know the culture of the native speaker and I can

know the country that I never heard before”.

 25

b. Enhancing students’ self-confident

Uly said that she got the advantages to increase her self-confident

by communicating with her learning partners which also influence her

speaking skill. As Uly stated: “...and we can support or it is to

influence our speaking skill because we met the native one and also

try to be confident to speak with the native”.

c. Only some advantages

In contrast, Tami gave a different answer from other participants.

She said that it was just little advantages that she got from tandem. As

she mentioned: “I think just a little advantages that I have, just

speaking with them”.

Based on the information above, the researcher perceived that the

students havee positive perceptions about the advantages of using tandem,

such as engage the students with people from other countries and

enhancing students’ self-confident in speaking. However, one of the

students found that it was just little advantages that she got from using

tandem application, it was just speaking with her learning partners.

2. The disadvantages of tandem application.

Otherwise, using tandem application to develop students

speaking skill have a lot of disadvantages, all the students argued that there

are some problems in using tandem.

 26

a. Hard to find an American native

Shinta explained that she faced the difficulties in finding the native

to be her partners in learning language. As she said:

..., as far as I used this application, I still did not find any
people from American, my purposes is want to improve my
English language especially America. Because I did not find
many American people, so it is kindly hard actually.

b. Poor connection

In another case, Uly said that the poor connection in Indonesia

made her difficult to be connected with her learning partners. It would

be hard when they want to communicate with each other via video call

or voice call. As Uly stated: “...also sometimes the connection is poor,

so it is not really good”.

c. Slow respond

Dara said that she had to wait for a long time to get a reply from

the native for her messages. Because the native here often gave a late

reply to her messages. As Dara answered: “I think the disadvantages

is slow respond from the native to reply or respond to my text”.

d. Building a distance

Moreover, Tami exclaimed that the native looks like build some

distance when she communicates with them. She thinks that the native

might too selective to decide who are capable to be their partners in

learning. As she explained:

They are difficult to talk, because maybe they have distance

with others. So, if we are friendly with them, but they are not,
because they think we are not their friend.
 27

From the explanation above, all the students faced various

disadvantages, some of the disadvantages that students had were about

having a distance between Indonesia and United State that could make the

students having a slow response from their learning partners to reply their

messages and also because the poor connection that they had. Also, the

difficulties to find American native partner who wants to learn each other

languages.

3. The challenges in using tandem application.

In using tandem most of the students assumed that they faced

many and various challenges. Some challenges made them difficult to

communicate with their partners.

a. Not using voice messages yet

Because Shinta just used the application for about a week, she still

did not have the courage to do any voice communication with her

learning partners. As she said: “if we talking about speaking skill,

because I just used this application in a week I did not use a voice

communication yet, so we just text each other”.

b. Lack of vocabulary

Lack of vocabulary is one of the challenges that Uly faced when

using tandem application. She said that because her vocabulary is still

limited, it makes her nervous and took some time to communicate with

her partners. According to Uly answer, it is relevant to a research about

how important is vocabulary in speaking.

 28

August, Carlo, Dressler, and Snow (2005) express that

foreign language learners who have limited vocabulary take
more time to learn new vocabulary items and are less able to
involve in comprehending text and lack involvement in oral
communication with their peers.

As Uly stated:

sometimes I feel nervous to speak because I know that my

vocabulary still lack, so I need much time to reply their
message and sometimes they not say the word clearly, so it
is really test to my listening skill also.
c. Understanding what the native said

Dara had challenges in understanding what her learning partners

said through voice messages. As she answered: “...and understand

their voice in voice note”.

d. Building a distance

As Tami said before about the disadvantages of tandem. She also

replied that one of the challenges that she faced is also about the

distance that built by her learning partners. She explained: “yeah, like

that. Because they think we are not their friend it has a distance”.

Based on the participants answered above, most of them faced

various challenges when using tandem application, such as having no

courage in using voice communication, also because they are still lacking

on vocabulary, so it makes them nervous to speak, and some of their

learning partners are making some distance when communicated with

them which made the students need to find other partners who want to

learn with them.

 29

4. The effectiveness of tandem application.

After all the participants used tandem application as learning

media for one week to develop their speaking skill, they gave various

answers about how efferctive is this application to their speaking.

a. Effective after used for more than one week

Shinta thought that tandem application would be effective for her

speaking if she used it more than a week. As she assumed: “in my

opinion it will be effective if I used it more than one week I think”.

b. Having an intention to deepen speaking skill

Uly argued that if she set a goal in using tandem application

completely to expand her speaking skill, it will be effective. She stated:

Okay. If someone want really deep to improve speaking skill

it is effective, but not really effective because yeah, many
factors such as connection and also the different time
between Indonesia and United State and some components
of speaking I think not really found and enhancing in using
tandem, such as grammar I do not think so.
c. Learning by voice communication

Moreover, Dara stated that by using voice communication in

tandem, it might have some progress in her speaking skill, because she

communicates with her partners thoroughly by voice. As Dara

answered: “we have to voice note sometimes and also or do video call

to develop our speaking skill”.

d. Not effective

However, Tami did not find any effectiveness to develop her

speaking on using tandem application. She claimed: “not really too

 30

effective, because my partner in tandem said that this is not really

improving our speaking, so this is not recommendation for speaking”.

Based on students’ perceptions above, it can be deduced that they

need more time to find the effectiveness of the application in developing

their speaking skill. Also, they assumed that if they need to have a strong

intention to expand their speaking and use voice communication when

learning on tandem, it might be effective. But, one of the students claimed

that she did not find any effectiveness yet on using tandem for develop her

speaking.

5. Speaking skill before using tandem application.

Most of the participants said that their speaking before using

tandem application was not really good. After using the application after

one week there is a bit improvement, such as in their vocabulary.

a. Lack of confident in speaking

Uly stated that before she used tandem, she felt did not confidence

to speak English. However, she got some new vocabulary from her

learning partners through tandem application. As she stated:

Before I use tandem application my self-confident is lack.

But, after I use tandem for one week, I think there is
improvement in my speaking such as I found a new vocab
from the native that I never heard before and also it is about
slang words.
b. Lack of vocabulary

Moreover, Dara said that she had limited vocabulary before using

tandem, and it makes her not brave yet to speak in English. As Dara
 31

answered: “before using this application I am afraid to speak because

I have lack of vocabulary and also I am not really good in

pronunciation”.

However, the other two participants think that there were not any

big differences in their speaking before and after they used tandem

application which means their speaking did not really improve.

c. No big differences

Most of Shinta’s partners on tandem were not a native from her

target language learning. So, it did not make any big differences before

and after she used tandem, because most of her partners are non-native.

She exclaimed:

my speaking skill before I used tandem is just like this, it is

actually has no big improvement on my speaking skill
because most of my friend on tandem are not from America,
they are mostly from Pakistan, Korea, Turkey, India. So,
they just used English and talk English like us actually.

Similarly, Tami added that her speaking before and after using

tandem application also did not have any big differences. As she

assumed: “I think it is more better than this”.

Based on the participants’ answers above, two participants said

that they get their speaking improved after using tandem application,

especially in vocabulary. While the other two participants answered that it

is not really had any improvement in their speaking before and after using

the application.
 32

6. Speaking components improvement after one week using tandem

application.

From the interview, most students did not get too much

improvement in their components of speaking. Because they assumed that

before, it was really difficult to do voice communication with their partners

in tandem.

6.1. Comprehension

Most of the students argued that there was no big improvement in

their comprehension.

a. No big improvement

Shinta said that she just used the application for a week, so it

did not have any big improvement in her comprehension. As she

said: “For comprehension, because I used this app in a week, so

there is no big improvement. So, it is just like I have a topic, but

it is not about that things actually”. Lack of vocabulary also one

of the reasons Uly did not get any improvement in her

comprehension. As she stated: “...for comprehension I do not

think so, because I still lack in vocabulary”.

Moreover, Tami added that because most of her partners on

tandem are non-native, so the words that they used are the same,

and it did not make any improvement in her comprehension. As

she said:

About the comprehension, I think the word that we have

are same, maybe yeah, because we are not native. I am
 33

still studying and they are still studying also. So, the
comprehension just make us understand each other, but
not to improve.

b. Try to understand what the partner said

However, Dara had a different answer. She said that it

improve her comprehension when using tandem. Because when

she communicated with her learning partners, she tried to

understand what they said that made her could reply to their

messages without misunderstanding it. As Dara argued:

It is improve my comprehension, because when I using

tandem and do a conversation with my friend, I try to
understand what my friend said because I can reply her
or his messages without misunderstanding.

Based on students’ answered above, there was no big

improvement yet in their comprehension. They the gave various

reason, such as they were still lack of vocabulary, most of their

partners were non-native which their level on vocabulary were

still the same.

6.2. Grammar

All the students answered that there was also no big improvement

in their grammar. Because most of their partners did not really focus

on grammar in learning or communicated and also they did not really

correct the grammar.

 34

a. No big improvement

As Shinta said, some of her partners had good grammar, but

it was only a few of them. As she answered:

for grammar, the people that I chat with is actually have

a good grammar, but noat all of them have that. So, for
grammar also there is no improvement for me I think.

As for Uly, it also did not improve her grammar, because

most of her partners did not correct her grammar. Uly stated:

“grammar, I do not think so. Because they do not really

comment or correct our grammar”.

For Dara, she did not really focus on grammar because she

just tried to understand what her partners said in order to reply

to their messages. As she answered:

For grammar, I do not think it is improve, because I do

not really focus about it when using tandem, I just, how
to say, I just focus understand what my friends talking
about.

Tami also assumed that it did not really improve her

grammar, because most of her partners were non-native and they

did not really care about grammar as long as they speak and

understand each other. As Tami explained:

About the grammar, like I said before, they are not

native, and they do not think too much about the
grammar. So, they just speak and speak, and the most
important is we understand each other.

From the explanation above, all of the participants did not get

a lot of improvement in their grammar. Most of the students had

 35

the same reason, such as their partners on tandem did not really

focus on using good grammar.

6.3. Vocabulary

As for vocabulary, most of the students answered that their

vocabulary was improved when using tandem application.

a. Find new vocabulary

Shinta replied that she had some improvement in her

vocabulary. When she communicates with her partners, she got

some new vocabulary that useful for her. Shinta said:

So, for vocabulary, there is no big improvement also, but

it does not mean I have no improvement. So, when
communicate with these people, I actually found new
vocabulary and that is very useful to me actually.

Uly continued, for her, among five components of speaking,

vocabulary was the most improved. Because she could know the

vocabulary that she has never known before from her partners.

As she stated:

I think among the five components of speaking I think

the first as the most have improvement is vocabulary,
because sometimes I never know the vocab after I have
a partner in language exchange in tandem I did it, I know
it.

Similarly, Dara answered that it was improved her

vocabulary when she did a conversation with her partners. She

got many new vocabulary and used a dictionary to know the

meaning of it.
 36

... my vocabulary is improve, because when I using

tandem to do a conversation with my friends, there is so
many new vocabulary and I take the dictionary to find
the vocabulary that I do not know.

b. Each learner have equal speaking skill

In contrast, Tami did not find that her vocabulary was

improved. Because she assumed that her learning partners also

had the same skill in speaking as her. So, her partners also used

the same vocabulary as her that could not make her vocabulary

improve a lot. As she claimed:

For vocabulary, I think we have the same vocabulary,

but I think, my vocab is more better than them. Because
they do not like too much about English, because they
want to learn another language or just English as a
connecting language with each other, so they used
English, yeah but not me, I just speak while learning,
while communicating.

Based on the answered above, most of the students argued

that their vocabulary was the most improved one. Because they

could get many new vocabularies that they never knew before

from their learning partners.

6.4. Pronunciation

As for pronunciation, the students gave various answers. Two of

the students did not find any improvement yet on their pronunciation,

while the other two students said it improved their pronunciation a

little bit.
 37

a. No big improvement

Shinta assumed that because she did not use voice

communication yet, she could not say it improves her

pronunciation. Because they did not talk to each other yet. As she

said: “pronunciation, because I did not do voice communication

yet, maybe is also because I just use this app in a week thought”.

b. The pronunciation easy to understand

As for Uly she found her pronunciation a bit improve. She

could impersonate the words that pronounce by her learning

partners and also learned how to pronounce it. She stated:

“...about the pronunciation, even they do not pronounce it clearly,

but I can imitate how they pronounce the word”.

c. Practice with voice media

Similarly, Dara also found that her pronunciation improved.

Because when she learned by voice communication with her

partners, she heard how they pronounce the words. As she said:

... my pronunciation is also work, because we are not, me

and my friend are not doing conversation, but also we
used voice note and sometimes we used voice call or
video call.

d. Rarely using voice communication

For Tami, she did not find any improvement in her

pronunciation, because she did not use voice communication a

lot with her partners when using tandem. As she claimed:

 38

about pronuciation. We do not do a voice chat. Because

this tandem I think not suitable, because we do not have
much chat there. Because they are also busy people I
think. So, they often lost from this tandem.

From the answers above, two students claimed that their

pronunciation did not improve much. Because they rarely

communicated through voice communication. While two other

students said that it improved their pronunciation even a little

bit because they often did voice communication with their

learning partners.

6.5. Fluency

For fluency, all the students answered that they did not find any

improvement in their fluency yet. Because as they said, they rarely did

a voice communication with their partners in tandem.

a. No big improvement

Shinta said that her fluency did not improve a lot, because

she barely found any partners who want to do voice

communication when learning. As she said:

for fluency, that is what I want to improve on using

tandem actually, but because it is too hard to find people
that is one to do a voice communication, so it won’t
improving a lot.

For Uly, her fluency also did not improve yet. Because she

just used the application for about a week, and also because her

vocabulary was limited. So, its effects on her fluency. As she

stated: “fluency, maybe after two weeks or after months I will

 39

get my fluency, not after using it in one week, because I still

lack in vocabulary”. Dara continued, she also did not have any

improvement yet on her fluency. As she said: “... fluency, there

is no significant improvement in my fluency yet”.

There was no improvement in Tami fluency also. She

assumed that she has better fluency than her partners in tandem.

She claimed that: “for fluency. I think I can said that I am more

better than them. Like that”.

From the students’ answers above, most of the students

argued that there was no big improvement on their fluency.

Because even some of the students used voice communication,

most of their partners were non-native. So, it did not really

improve their fluency.

Based on all students’ explanations above, after one week they

used tandem application, from five components of speaking the most

improved one is vocabulary. They got some new vocabulary from their

partners in tandem when they communicate with each other. It also

improved some students’ pronunciation, they could impersonate their

partners’ pronunciation and learned how to pronounce the words. But, for

other speaking components they do not find it is improved a lot. However

one of the students said that their skill in vocabulary is equal with her
 40

learning partners, they had the same level of vocabulary, which means

there is no big improvement in her vocabulary.

II. Week two after using tandem application.

1. The advantages of tandem application.

After the researcher obtained the answers from participants in week

one, the research conducted the second interview in week two with the

same questions in order to compare and see the differences and similarities

of the first answers with the second answers. In the second interview, all

the participants’ answers are still similar as their answers on week one.

a. Engage people from multiple backgrounds

Shinta answered was similarly as she answered on week one.

She said that the big advantages that she got were she got to a lot

of people from different countries and not only exchange their

language but also their hobbies. Shinta answered:

the advantages of using this application is, as I said last

time, we got a new experience to know people from
many countries and the other things. So, for example like
I ever communicate with people from Chinese, they said
they interested with one of Indonesian genre of music
called “dangdut”. It is actually amazed me.

Then Uly continued, as she said on week one before, it

advantages her to become more confident in speaking English and

got to know many people from various countries. As Uly stated:

“the advantages of using tandem in my speaking, I think like I

 41

said before that we have connection around the world. So, we

more confident to speak English”.

b. Talk about each other interest

Talking about each other interests, such as their hobbies and

everything is one of the advantages that Dara got from using

tandem application. As she replied: “after 2 weeks I used tandem

application there is so many advantages. First, I can discuss

everything with native or the non-native”.

c. Get to know how to speak in multiple languages

However, Tami gave different answered as week one. She

assumed that she got some advantages after using the application

for more than a week. She could learn various languages from her

partners. As she claimed:

I think the advantages of using tandem application in my

speaking can make myself know how to speak in another
language. It is not just in English, but in Japan and
Korea.

As the above explanations, it can be deduced that the participants

gave similar answers as week one that they can get to know a lot of people

around the world from the other countries. Furthermore, one of the

students gave the different answers as week one. She argued that after

more than a week she used the application, she found some advantages in

their speaking, such as know how to speak in multiple languages.

 42

2. The disadvantages of tandem application.

Based on the interview result, most of the participants still find many

disadvantages in using tandem application even after they used it in two

weeks.

a. Hard to find American partner who used voice messages in

learning

As Shinta said before, after more than a week she used tandem

application. She still hard to find any American native who wants

to use voice communication in learning.

as I said before I did not find my purposes. I mean I did

not found any American native yet, and after two weeks
I used this application I still did not get any American
native who want to do a voice communication . So, that
was the disadvantages I think.

Similarly, Tami assumed that it was also hard to find any

partners in tandem to do voice communication. Also as she said

in week one, most of the natives made some distance in selecting

friends as their learning partners. As she claimed:

many disadvantages that I found in tandem application,

such as difficult to find a suitable person who want to
speak with me. Because they think that maybe I am not
their friend. So, they are like make a distance and they
often left and lost from the chat or conversation. I think
that they do not like too many chit chat with foreigner.
Then I think that Asian is too friendly with others, but
they are not. They do not care, they just greet us and they
are to the point person.
 43

b. The long-distance between two countries

Similarly with her answered as week one. Uly stated that the

disadvantages that she faced were about the distance that she had

between her partners. As she explained:

when I use tandem it is a bit, how to say. Even we met a

native but also because of the long distance between
Indonesia and United State, So yeah, we have to make
sure that they are still online when we are texting each
other.
c. Slow respond and many non-native partners

Dara still had the same answer as week one. The disadvantages

that she faced were about she often got a late reply from her

learning partners also most of the non-native partners she had. As

she said: “like I said, it is still slow respond from them to reply

my message and I think tandem user is so many non-native than

native”.

From the explanations above, all of the students had similar answers

as week one, the disadvantages that most students faced are about the

distance between two countries that could make the students having a slow

response from their partner to reply to their messages and also because the

poor connection that they experienced.

3. The challenges of tandem application.

All participants argued that they faced some challenges in using the

application, such as the native prefer doing text messages than voice
 44

messages or they do not really understand what the native said in voice

communication because of their pronunciation a bit unclear.

a. The native rarely using voice communication

It similar to last week, Shinta said that the challenges that she

faced were about her partners who rarely used voice

communication to learn. As she said:

so, the challanges on using this application is most of

them very rarely using a voice note or voice call or video
call, especially American native. So, without using these
kind of communication it is a bit difficult to develop my
speaking. So, that is one of my challanges actually.
b. The native prefer doing text

Dara claimed that the native in tandem prefers using text

when learning than voice messages. It was one of the challenges

that Dara faced, and the answer also similar to last week. She

claimed:

I think the native is prefer to text than voice note and I

am afraid the old man to start the conversation. So, I can
not find the youngest or the same age who will be my
partner to discuss something.

c. The native pronunciatian a bit unclear

As for Uly, the challenges that she faced in week two were

about the pronunciation that her partners had. Sometimes she did

not understand what they said. As she stated:

even I think I have like enhancing my vocabulary, but

because of pronunciation sometimes I do not know what
they say because they like speak more ‘rarararr’ I do not
know how to say that, so yeah I do not know what they
said.
 45

d. The native not friendly

Moreover, Tami faced challanges about how her partners

especially a native of her target language were not too friendly.

As she stated:

many of them write on their status, “I want to get people

who help me learn English” or “I need a friendly friend
to talk with” or etc. But, when we chat them they are just
like the other, they just reply in the first then lost after
introducing ourselves.

Based on the participants’ answers, most of them faced various and

similar challenges as last week. Using tandem application by texting with

a native without doing voice messages is not really develop their speaking

because the native prefers to reply by text. Also, most of the natives just

replied to the students’ messages at first, then they never reply or message

them anymore.

4. The effectiveness of tandem application.

Participants gave similar answers as week one about how effective

tandem application to develop their speaking.

a. Effective for other things

After Shinta used the application for more than a week, she

assumed that tandem application was not too effective for her

speaking. However, she thought that it would be more effective

for some other things. As she answered:

In my opinion, this application is not really effective to

develop my speaking but, for the other things like
enhancing knowledge, culture, making friend with the
other people from many countries is effective , I think.
 46

b. Focus on developing speaking skill

As Uly stated last week if she used the focus on using the

application merely to develop the speaking skill. It might be

effective. As she said:

I think it is effective for speaking if we really dive into

tandem. I mean we still have connection with people
around the world. So, we can practice everyday with
them.
c. Effective for writing skill

For Dara, she claimed that tandem application was more

effective in developing her writing skill. Because most of her

learning partners prefer to text than voice communication. She

said that: “I think not too much, but I feel it is more effective in

developing my writing. Like I said before, the native prefers using

text than voice note or video call”.

d. Can interact with foreigners

However, Tami argued that even the application a bit

effective for her speaking, she also could have an interaction with

some foreigners. As she thought: “a little bit effective. But, we

can interact with other foreigners”.

Based on the students’ opinions above, most of them answered that

the application is not really effective in developing their speaking skill.

Because the native prefers using text which means they did not interact

through their voice. Also, one of the students said it was more effective to
 47

evolve their writing than their speaking because like they said before, the

native prefers using text. However, most of the students argued that the

application more effective on other things like, making friends and having

a connection with people around the world.

5. Participants skill in speaking before using tandem application.

Most of the participants answered that their speaking skill is still the

same as before when they used the application on week one, they just get

a bit improvement in their speaking. But, it did not really improve.

a. Do not have any big difference

Shinta assumed that her speaking before and after using the

application was still the same. It did not have any big difference.

As she said: “it does not increasing too much, it just still like this

actually”.

As for Tami, she stated that her speaking before using tandem

was better. Because she could practice directly with her local

friends. As she argued:

I think that is more better than this, because we practice

it directly although with local. But, sometimes it helps
than this, because the people in tandem always lost.

b. Has basic skill in speaking

Because Uly is an English student, she answered that her

English was a bit good because she had basic English in her

speaking. Uly stated: “actually my speaking is a bit good because

 48

I am a student of English department. But, after I use I think I

have many, some improvement”.

c. Not really good in speaking

Moreover, Dara replied that her speaking before using the

application was not really good. However, when using tandem

she can found someone as her learning partners . Dara said:

my speaking skill before using this application is bad. I

do not have any idea to discuss, but when I using this
tandem I find someone or the native to discuss
something like my hobby and others.

Based on all students’ opinions above, the students had various

answers. Two students said that their speaking skill before and after using

tandem is still the same. It means that their speaking skill did not have any

improvement. They prefer to practice their speaking directly with their

local friends. However, the other two students answered that they already

have basic skill in speaking because they are an English students, but when

they used the application it helps them to discuss something with the native

that made their speaking could improve a litlle bit.

6. Speaking components improvement after two weeks using tandem

application.

As mentioned in the previous interview of week one, most of the

students still did not get much improvement in their components of

speaking.
 49

6.1. Comprehension

Similarly, like last week, most of the students still had the same

answers. They did not any big improvement yet on their

comprehension.

a. No big improvement

As Shinta said before, she did not really get any improvement

in her comprehension. As she said: “so for, comprehension it is

actually does not improving too much because I rarely take

those kind of topic in our conversation, I mean speaking. About

speaking”.

For Tami, it also did not improve much in her comprehension

because most of her partners were non-native. Tami stated: “as

long as I try to use this tandem in the second week, I think I have

an improvement although it is not too much. Because they are

not native speaker”.

Uly answered that it was a bit enhanced her comprehension

after she used the application more than a week. But, similar as

the others answers it was not a big improvement. As Uly stated:

“for comprehension, it is a bit, how to say, it is a bit enhancing”.

Then Dara continued that is also slightly improved her

comprehension. As she claimed: “yeah, it is improve my

comprehension, but I can not understand some words when text

with them”.
 50

It can be concluded from the explanation above that most

students did not have much improvement in their comprehension. It

was just like before, just a slight improvement.

6.2. Grammar

Most of the students claimed that there were not any big

improvement on their grammar, as they said on last week, most of

their partners on tandem were not really focus on grammar.

a. Use good grammar

As for Shinta, she thought that her grammar was improved a

bit. Because some of her partners used good grammar. As Shinta

answered:

for grammar, I think it is improve a little bit because they

use a good grammar. Not only American native, but also
from like Chinese. People from Chinese they use a good
grammar.
b. Communicate by text

Similarly, Dara also said it improved her grammar, even a

little bit. Because most of her partners prefer to text than voice

communication. Dara claimed: “like I said before, it is really

improve my garammar because the native doing text than voice

note or video call”.

c. Not focus on grammar

Uly gave a similar answer as last week, she said that most of

her partners were not really focus on grammar. She stated:

 51

for grammar like I said before I do not think so. Because

even they, I mean they reply by texting I do not consider
that they really deep into grammar.
d. The partner also an ESL learner
Because Tami partners on tandem were also ESL learners, it

did not really improve her grammar also. As she replied:

the grammar, as I said before, they are not native, so they

are also studying in this tandem, so sometimes not they
correct my grammar, but I correct their grammar.

As for grammar, the students answered that their grammar was

improved a little bit. But, actually, it was not really improved.

Because, even their partners prefer to text, but most of them did not

really focus on grammar.

6.3. Vocabulary

As for vocabulary, all the students argued that it is the most

improved out of the other components.

a. Get to know new vocabularies

As Shinta said in last week. Vocabulary was the most

improve one out of the other components. She got to know some

new vocabulary. As she said: “for vocabulary, It is improving a

lot. I found a lot of new vocabularies when talking with them”.

Similiarly Uly added: “... for vocabulary, yeah, I got some new

words.”

Then Dara continued: “my vocabulary is develop when using

tandem, because when I do not know the message that the native

talk about I find it on the dictionary”.

 52

Tami also answered:

for vocabulary, I think, oh yeah, I know how many vocab
they have. So, that, it improve my knowledge too about
the other knowledge about English. I also know what
vocab they have.

Based on the information above, most of the students still

claimed as last week that, their vocabulary was the most improved

one. They got many new vocabulary when communicating with their

partners on tandem.

6.4. Pronunciation

The student sstated that there were not any big improvement in

their pronunciation, because they often practice by text.

a. Rarely having voice communication

As for pronunciation, Shinta said that her partners were rarely

doing voice communication that made her pronunciation not

really improve. As she said:

I just still with my own pronounciation, it is also does

not really increasing. It is still like before, it does not
improving so much because as I said before I did not do
a voice communication. So, it just does not really
improving.

As for Dara, different from her answer last week, after she

used it for more than a week, she claimed that the application

did not really improve her pronunciation. She said that: “I do

not think so it is improve my pronunciation because I rarely

speak with others especially the native in tandem”.

 53

Then Tami also added:

pronunciation. Because we do not have any voice note
in tandem. We just chat there, so we do the
communication with just the chat. So, I do not know
about how their pronunciation.

b. Understand what the native say

However Uly answered similarly as last week, she tried to

imitate what her partners said and tried to pronounce it that made

her pronunciation improve a bit. As she claimed: “also for

pronunciation, sometimes I imitated how they say the words”.

Based on students’ answer above, most of the students did not

get any improvement yet on their pronunciation, because of the same

reason as last week. They were rarely using voice communication.

6.5. Fluency

As for fluency, most of the students answered similarly as last

week that they did not find any improvement in their fluency yet.

Because as they said, they rarely did a voice communication with their

partners in tandem.

a. No big improvement

Shinta assumed, she still did not get any improvement in her

fluency. As Shinta said: “for fluency it is also still like this”.

Then Dara added: “like two weeks ago my fluency is not still

improve because the native rarely reply my messages”. Tami

also continued: “fluency. Yeah, because they are not native, I

think I have more, yeah. I have more fluency than them”.

 54

b. Improve a little bit

However, as for Uly, different from her answer last week.

She got a bit improvement on her fluency. As Uly answered:

“for fluency, I think has a bit improvement”.

Based on the explanation above, all the students stated that it did

not have any big improvement in their fluency. Because most of their

partners were non-native.

From tall the students’ responses above, it can be concluded that

most of the students still have the same answers and perceptions as week

one. Their components of speaking did not have any big improvement.

However, it was still the same as week one most of the students stated that

vocabulary has the most improve one out of the other components of

speaking. However, one of the students gave a different answer as last

week, she also agreed that vocabulary was the most improve one after she

used the application more than a week.

B. Discussion

The purpose of this research is to find out students’ perceptions on

the effectiveness of tandem: language exchange application to develop

students’ speaking skill. The research question of this research is what are the

fifth year students’ of English department UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

 55

perception on the effectiveness of Tandem: Language Exchange application in

developing their speaking skill.

The analysis of the interview has different responses from the

students. Based on the results of the interview conducted by the researcher in

two weeks, most of the students give answers about not effective is tandem

application for developing their speaking skill. Most of the students having

difficulties and challenges when using tandem for speaking with American

natives. However, the native prefers to do text messages than voice messages

which means in students opinion their writing skill is more evolved than their

speaking skill. The students’ answers after one week and two weeks using the

application are similar, most of the students give perception about many of the

disadvantages and challenges they faced in using tandem for developing their

speaking skill. Such as, no responses from the native and the native prefer to

do text messages than voice messages that can not develop students speaking

skill. Also, most of the students’ partners in tandem are non-native where

English is also their second language.

Hovewer, the comparison between students’ answers on week one

and week two about the improvement of their components of speaking is also

similar. In week one most students answered that the speaking component that

most improves one is vocabulary. As well as week one, after two weeks using

tandem, most of the students stated that in their five components of speaking

their vocabulary is the most improved one. The answer is still the same,
 56

because like they said before, whether the native or non-native in tandem prefer

to do text messages than voice messages.

Tandem application may help the students, but not in developing

their speaking skill. The application can become effective if the students and

their partner really focus and seriously on helping each other to exchange

language by using voice messages on tandem to communicate and deeply want

to develop their speaking skill. As defined by Brammerts (2001, p.10),

common objective of learning from each other”. Brammerts also defines that

“each of the two partners is responsible for his own learning. He decides what,

how and when he wants to learn and what kind of help he would like to have

from his partner” (p.10). “language learning in Tandem occurs when two

languages learners with different native languages communicate with one

another sharing the However, in this research the researcher get the answers

from the students about how difficult are them to find a native one of their

target language to communicate and learning from each other, also having

slow respond from the native to reply their messages, so that most of the

students do not think tandem application is effective for developing their

speaking skill, but rather more to evolve their skill in writing.

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Based on the research findings and discussion, the researcher

concluded that the use of tandem application in developing speaking skill not

really effective. Furthermore, tandem application can enrich students with a

variety of knowledge about vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation,

comprehension, fluency; knowledge, and cultures of foreign languages if each

partner have some interest in using tandem application merely for developing

their speaking skill, it can be enjoyable and fun because they can get many new

friends from the other country and sharing each other interest.

However, the students answered that vocabulary is the one that

improves from the five components of speaking after using tandem application.

This research proved that students’ perception on the effectiveness of tandem

application is not really effective for speaking development, but rather more

effective to evolve their writing skill based on students’ answers and students’

conversation with their partners who are mostly used text to communicate.

57
 58

B. Suggestion

After conducting this research, the researcher perceives the need to

give some suggestions that would be useful in the future, especially for future

researchers who are interested in conducting research on the relevant issues.

The researcher considers that there is a limitation of this research. Using media

for learning language especially for speaking is not always effective.

Therefore, the researcher hopes it is can encourage the future

researcher to investigate its potential in other ways related to these issues. Also,

the researcher hopes that this research can be references or sources to the next

research with the issue and other purposes to make this application more

effective for students in learning languages. The researcher also hopes that this

tandem application is better widely known and used by students to improve and

develop their skills, cultures, and knowledge of foreign languages.

 59

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 INTERVIEW GUIDANCE

I. After a week using tandem application.

1. What do you think about the advantages of using tandem application in your

speaking?

2. What do you think about the disadvantages of using tandem application in your

speaking?

3. What challanges do you face when using tandem application in developing your

speaking skill?

4. How effective does tandem application in developing your speaking?

5. How is your speaking skill before using tandem application?

6. How is your speaking skill, is there any improvement in your speaking

components (comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, pronounciation and fluency)?

II. After two weeks using tandem application.

1. What do you think about the advantages of using tandem application in your

speaking?

2. What do you think about the disadvantages of using tandem application in your

speaking?

3. What challanges do you face when using tandem application in developing your

speaking skill?

4. How effective does tandem application in developing your speaking?

5. How is your speaking skill before using tandem application?

6. How is your speaking skill, is there any improvement in your speaking

components (comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, pronounciation and fluency)?

 AUTOBIOGRAPHY

1. Name : Suci Annisa Tiara

2. Place/Date of Birth : Aceh Besar/June, 3rd 1997
3. Sex : Female
4. Religion : Islam
5. Nationality/Ethnic : Indonesian/Acehnese
6. Adress : Cot Irie, Gla Meunasah Baro, Aceh Besar
7. Phone Number : 082360782890
8. Email : [email protected]
9. Parents’ Name
a. Father’s Name : Bachtiar M. Yunus
b. Mother’s Name : Mutia

10. Educational Background

a. Primary School : MIN Lambhuk Graduated In 2009
b. Junior High School : MTsN Model Graduated In 2012
c. Senior High School : SMAN Modal Bangsa Graduated In 2015
d. University : UIN Ar-Raniry Graduated In 2020

Banda Aceh, 30th December 2019

Suci Annisa Tiara