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Reporting STS 101

This document discusses different conceptions of human flourishing from Eastern and Western perspectives. It also examines the development of the scientific method and how science and technology relate to ideas of human flourishing. The key points are: - Eastern views see human flourishing as community-centric and the individual sacrificing for society, while Western views focus more on the individual achieving eudaimonia or ultimate happiness. - The scientific method developed as a means to bring objectivity to science through empirical testing of hypotheses using steps like observation, experimentation, and conclusion. - Verification and falsification theories shaped what constitutes science, with falsification allowing for emergence of new theories not rejected due to lack of verification. Science and

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44 views6 pages

Reporting STS 101

This document discusses different conceptions of human flourishing from Eastern and Western perspectives. It also examines the development of the scientific method and how science and technology relate to ideas of human flourishing. The key points are: - Eastern views see human flourishing as community-centric and the individual sacrificing for society, while Western views focus more on the individual achieving eudaimonia or ultimate happiness. - The scientific method developed as a means to bring objectivity to science through empirical testing of hypotheses using steps like observation, experimentation, and conclusion. - Verification and falsification theories shaped what constitutes science, with falsification allowing for emergence of new theories not rejected due to lack of verification. Science and

Uploaded by

mark brian Bautista
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In this lesson, will identify the different conceptions of Human Flourishing.

Determine the development of the scientific method and validity of science. Critic
human flourishing vis-à-vis progress of science and technology to be able to define
for themselves the meaning of a good life.

WHAT IS HAPPINESS?

• In psychology, happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which


can be defined by, among others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from
contentment to intense joy.

• To behaviorists, happiness is a cocktail of emotions we experience when we


do something good or positive.

• To neurologists, happiness is the experience of a flood of hormones


released in the brain as a reward for behavior that prolongs survival.

• The hedonistic view of well-being is that happiness is the polar opposite of


suffering, the presence of happiness indicates the absence of pain. Because of this,
hedonists believe that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness, which
minimizes misery.

• Eudaimonia, a term that combines the Greek words for "good" and "spirit"
to describe the ideology. Eudaimonia defines happiness as the pursuit of
becoming a better person. Eudaimonists do this by challenging themselves
intellectually or by engaging in activities that make them spiritually richer people.

EUDAIMONIA
 good spirited”
 coined by Greek philosopher Aristotle
 Describes the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans.
 “human flourishing”

ARISTOTLE
 Aristotle believed that human flourishing requires a life with other people.
Aristotle taught that people acquire virtues through practice and that a set of
concrete virtues could lead a person toward his natural excellence and happiness.
 According to Aristotle, there is an end of all of the actions that we perform
which we desire for itself. This is what is known as eudaimonia, flourishing, or
happiness, which is desired for its own sake with all other things being desired on
its account. Eudaimonia is a property of one's life when considered as a whole.
Flourishing is the highest good of human
endeavors and that toward which all actions aim. It is success as a human being.
The best life is one of excellent human activity.

 From Nicomachean Ethics (the philosophical inquiry into the nature of the
good life for a human being.)
Human flourishing arises as a result of different components such as
• Phronesis
• Friendship
• Wealth
• Power
In ancient Greek society, they believe that acquiring these will surely bring the
seekers happiness, which in effect allows them to partake in the greater notion of
what we call the Good.
 As time changes, elements that comprise human flourishing changed.
 People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places,
develop more products, and make more money.
 Humans of today are expected to become “man of the world.”
 Supposed to situate himself in a global neighborhood, working side by
side among institutions and the government to be able to reach a common goal.

Difference Conceptions of Human flourishing

Eastern
• Focus is community-
centric
• Individual should sacrifice
himself for the sake of
society
• Chinese Confucian system
• Japanese Bushido
• Encourage studies of
literature, sciences, and art
for a greater cause
Eastern
• Focus is community-
centric
• Individual should sacrifice
himself for the sake of
society
• Chinese Confucian system
• Japanese Bushido
• Encourage studies of
literature, sciences, and art
for a greater cause
Eastern
 Focus is community-centric
 Individual should sacrifice for the sake of the society
 Chinese Confucian System
 Japanese Bushido
 Encourage studies of science, art, and literature for a greater cause

Western
 More focus on the individual
 Human Flourishing as an end
 Aristotelian view
 Aims for Eudaimonia as the ultimate good

Science, Technology and Human Flourishing


• Every discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of human
knowledge.
• Human’s perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding proofs to
trace evolution.
• Elicits our idea of self-importance.
• Technology is a human activity we excel in as a result of achieving science.
(Heidegger)
• Good is inherently related to the truth.
Science as Methods and Results
• Science stems from objectivity brought upon by a rigid method
• Claim to reason and empiricism
Steps in Scientific Method
In school, the scientific method is introduced in the earlier part of discussions.
Even though the number of steps varies, it presents a general idea how to do
science:
1. Observe and determine if there are unexplained occurrences unfolding.
2. Determine the problem and identify factors involved.
3. Through past knowledge of similar instance, formulate hypothesis that could
explain the said phenomenon. Ideally, the goal is to reject the null hypothesis
and accept the alternative hypothesis of the study “to count as significant”
(can also be separated into additional steps such as “to generate prediction” or
“to infer from past experiments”).
4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables, and
trying to see how independent ones affect dependent ones.
5. Gather and analyse results throughout and upon culmination of the
experiment. Examine if the data gathered are significant enough to conclude
results.
6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case others would
want to broaden the study.

Verification theory
 A discipline is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an
alternative hypothesis being accepted.
 Premium on empiricism
 Takes into account those results which are measurable and experiments
which are repeatable.

VIENNA CIRCLE

- group of scholars who believed that


 only those which can be observed should be regarded as meaningful
 Reject those which cannot be directly accessed as meaningless.

Falsification Theory
 As long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can best explain a
phenomenon
over alternative theories, we should accept the said ideology.
 Allowed emergence of theories otherwise rejected by the verification theory.
 Encourages research in order to determine which among the theories can
stand the test of falsification
KARL POPPER
• aim at the production of new, falsifiable predictions
• scientific practice is characterized by its continual effort to test theories
against experience and make revisions based on the outcomes of these tests

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