2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

Smart Gas Stove for Kitchen Employing Safety and

2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST) | 978-0-7381-3042-2/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICREST51555.2021.9331033

Reduction of Gas Wastage.

M d eftekhar alam1, Mohammed Abdul Kader2, Sumaiya Deen Muhammad3, Sabrina Akter Momo4, Saida Rahman5 and Imtiaz Alam6
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Intermnational Islamic University Chittagong
Chittagong, Bangladesh
1eftekhar78@gmailcom; [email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];

Abstract—Nowadays, people are having a hectic schedule and risen in recent years. According to Bangladesh Fire Service
hence sometimes unconsciously forget to turn off their gas burner and Civil Defence, 4,236 incidents from stoves took place last
in the kitchen. A significant amount of gas is being wasted. This year, which accounts for 23.40 percent of total fire incidents
system's fundamental goal is to develop a device for kitchen
safety and reduce gas wastage, which concentrates on additional that year.
protection. This paper proposes an approach to automatically A significant amount of gas is being wasted due to the
prevent any threat from the usage of the gas stove. This system carelessness of consumers. Sometimes they forget to turn off
is an ATmega328p microcontroller-based that deals with turning the burner, which may also lead to damages. For saving a
off the kitchen gas valve mechanism in various situations. It single match stick, people keep the burner turned on for a long
turns off the gas supply when it is not used for cooking purposes
utilizing a solenoid valve. The gas burner will turn on when time. That’s why a large amount of gas is wasted every day. If
there must have a flame in the gas burner and a cooking pot we keep on wasting gas like this way, we w ill face a massive
on the gas burner. When smoke is detected, the temperature problem in the future, and it w ill become a perilous situation
is high from its range, and there is any kind of unnecessary for our future generation. I f smart and new technology controls
gas amount in the kitchen, then the exhaust fan will turn on the condition, the people’s suffering w ill continue little bate.
automatically. Like a micro oven, there is also a timer system
for cooking purposes at a particular time. Here also include a Several research papers have been published on gas leakage
Bluetooth system for controlling the burner by voice. If there and security system.T.H.Mujawar et al. proposed, “Devel­
any gas leakage is detected, the system will make an alarm and opment of a wireless sensor network system for LPG gas
inform the house owner by calling and sending a text. Also, leakage detection system” in 2015 [1]. The designed system
there are various modes involved in this system. It highlights the monitors the gas leakage detection using an Arduino micro­
provision for kitchen safety. It greatly assists in securing safety
and making use of gas stove more convenient and easy. controller depending on the GSM network. The leakage is
Index Terms—transport management, microcontroller, IoT, detected with the help of the MQ-2 gas sensor. The most
ESP8266, blynk crucial factor is that the mobile phone does not require any
special application or hardware to be used in this system,
I. I NTRODUCTION and any mobile phone supporting the SMS service could be
In our daily life, we waste our gas unnecessarily. At used in the system. Potadar et al. proposed “LPG Leakage
present, wastage of gas is a significant issue that needs to Detection and Automatic Gas Cylinder Booking System” in
be encountered. LPG is currently the most commonly used their system Gas leakage is detected by sensor properly, and
fuel in households for cooking purposes. Gases are highly stepper motor operated to turn off the regulator [2]. When
inflammable and are very dangerous if it leaks. Gas leakage the weight of the cylinder decreases, SMS is sent on mobile
and its detection is a significant problem in the day to day lives. numbers. The audio file played correctly while gas leakage was
A gas explosion occurs when there is a gas leak combined with detected, and the weight of the gas cylinder goes below the
an ignition source. A variety of explosive gases exist, including threshold. In 2012, A. Mahalingam et al. proposed a project
methane, propane, natural gas, and butane. These gases are “Design and Implementation of an Economic Gas Leakage
widely used throughout the world for heating purposes. The Detector” [3]. This paper provides an audio-visual solution for
leakage of this gas is hazardous and increases the risks of fire LPG leakage detection in homes and commercial buildings
explosion. This leads to both financial and human loss. The and audibly alerts the users of those premises in case of a
number of reports of death due to gas leak explosions has hazardous situation, and provides warning signals in low-risk

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 2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

scenarios. The drawback of these techniques is that they are II. B l o c k Dia g r a m o f t h e Sy s t em

very much dependent on the noise of pressure or temperature

measurements. Anandhakrishnan et al. proposed “IOT based The process of developing the system is discussed in this
smart gas monitoring system” [4] which provides home safety section. The development process includes a block diagram
by detecting the leakage of the LPG and alerts the consumer and the relation between sensors and microcontrollers. “Fig. 1”
about the leak by a notification using an android app through and “Fig. 2” shows the two-block diagrams of the system. We
Internet Of Things (IOT) and the consumer can turn off the have used 5V for our power supply and five types of sensors
gas valve, from anywhere in proposed “Smart Gas Cylinder (MQ4, MQ2, DHT11, Flame sensor, IR) in our system. Here,
Using Embedded System” [7] the design of wireless LPG MQ4 is used to detect LPG gas leakage. MQ2 is used to detect
monitoring system in which the user is alerted about the gas smoke. DHT11 is a temperature sensor used to detect the room
leakage through SMS, and the power supply is turned off.In temperature and detect flame we have employed flame sensor.
2016, R. NareshNaik et al. proposed “Arduino based LPG I f there is any cooking pot for cooking on the gas burner,
gas monitoring and automatic cylinder booking with an alert the IR sensor can easily detect it. A ll the sensors are input
system,” [5]. This system continuously measures the weight devices in our system connected with a microcontroller. We
of the cylinder, and once it reaches a minimum threshold, use an exhaust fan and solenoid valve when the temperature
it w ill automatically send a message to the authorized LPG is high. If any smoke or gas is detected in the air, then the
Agent to deliver the LPG cylinder. P.Meenakshi Vidya et al. exhaust fan w ill turn on. The solenoid valve is to control gas
proposed “Gsm based LPG leakage detection and controlling flow in the pipeline. For these two components, we need two
system” [6] in their system a leakage detection and real­ relays to control them. Exhaust fan, solenoid valve, relay- all
time gas monitoring system where the leakage is detected and are output devices in our system. 2x16 LCD has been used in
controlled employing exhaust fan. The level of LPG in the our system to display temperature, gas amount, and the alert
cylinder is also continuously monitored. In 2013 C.Selvapriya message, and these are the output devices connected with the
et al. proposed “LPG leakage monitoring and multilevel alert­ microcontroller. A buzzer is used to turn on an alert alarm,
ing system” [8] the system in which the leakage is detected which is an input device. We have used a GSM sim for making
by the gas sensor and produce the results in the audio and calls and send a text. A GSM can act both as an input and
visual forms. L.K.Hema et al. proposed the smart sensor output device in a system. A keypad is used in our system to
technology “WSN Based Smart System for LPG Detection set the time for cooking. The keypad is an input device. Seven
and Combustible Gases” [9]. In this, a flexible, reliable smart segment display is used to display the time. HC-05 is used for
gas detection system is developed, and again, the leakage is the voice control system, which is an input device.
detected and controlled by using an exhaust fan.V.Ramya et
al. proposed ”Embedded system for Hazardous Gas detection
and Alerting” [10] , the system that uses two different sensors
for detecting the leakage and requires resetting manually after
every situation.

The system we build-up is a microcontroller-based device

that can detect gas leakage; if any gas leakage is detected, the
system w ill make an alarm, turn on the exhaust fan, send a text
message, and make a call to the House owner. The exhaust fan
w ill also turn on automatically when smoke is detected, and
room temperature is high from tolerable temperature. Also, the Fig. 1. Block Diagram of the circuit having Micro-controller 1.
system w ill detect whether the gas burner is used in cooking
or not by a proximity sensor. I f the burner is in an idle state,
the system automatically stops the burner from reducing gas
wastage. Here also include a Bluetooth system for turn off the
burner by a voice from another room in the house. And like a
micro oven, a timer system is also included for warm-up food
to absence a person. Some people have a low sense of smell
and may or may not respond to low gas leakage concentration.
In such a case, these systems become essential and help to
protect from gas leakage accidents. Career women are worried
about their homes and kitchen when they are working outside
Fig. 2. Block diagram of the circuit having Microcontroller 2
the home. With this device, they can know about the kitchen
situation.

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 2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

III. Sy s t em De v e l o pmen t control, again, the pin w ill be set low, and the coil’s magnetic
In this part, we are going to discuss the step by step charge is lost, and the current flow also stopped, and the
development process of our system. Our system consists of exhaust fan w ill turn off.
two microcontrollers and several peripheral devices such as The gas burner w ill turn on within two conditions. The first
Temperature Sensor (DHT11), Natural Gas Sensor Module one is: there must be a flame in the burner, and the second
(MQ4), Smoke/LPG/CO Gas Sensor (MQ-2), Flame Sensor, condition is: there must be a cooking pot on the gas burner.
LCD, IR Sensor, seven-segment display, keypad, Bluetooth, When both states fulfill, then the gas burner w ill start the gas
etc. flow. For controlling the gas flow, we used a solenoid valve,
which voltage is 12V. To control the solenoid valve here, we
A. Gas leakage detection and Smoke Detection use a relay. We already know the working process of a relay in
We have used MQ4 for sensing natural gas concentration the discussing part of controlling the exhaust fan. The solenoid
in the air. MQ4 can detect natural gas in any place from 200 valve’s positive terminal is connected with relay’s normally
to 10,000ppm. Here, the output voltage of the sensor is 0-5v open pin, and the negative terminal is connected with 12V.
for 200 to 10,000ppm. When the gas is around 2000 ppm, Another part of 12V is connected with relay’s common pin.
the value of sensors analog pin become 1 v. Also, we have Relay’s positive pin is connected with 5V, the negative terminal
used MQ2 as our smoke sensor. The output voltage of smoke is connected with the ground, and the input pin is connected
sensor increases when the concentration of smoke increase. with microcontroller’s D4 pin. When there is a flame in the
The output voltage of MQ2 varies from 0 to 5V. MQ2 has 4 gas burner and a cooking pot on the gas burner, the D4 pin
pins: VCC, GND, Analog output, Digital output pin. VCC is w ill be in a high state, and there w ill be a current flow throw
connected to 5V, GND is connected to GND of power supply. the relay’s coil, and the coil becomes a temporary magnet
A0 pin is connected with Microcontroller’s A3 pin. When when electricity flows through it. For this magnetic power, the
smoke is detected exhaust fan w ill automatically turn on to normally closed pin of relays is connected with the normally
take out the smoke from the kitchen. open pin, and the current flow through the line and the solenoid
valve w ill turn on. When the cooking pot was removed and
B. Detection o f Flame and Cooking Pot there was no flame, the pin w ill be low, and the coil’s magnetic
We have used a flame sensor to detect flame in the burner. charge is lost, and the solenoid valve w ill turn off, and the flow
Usually, the voltage of the flame sensor is 5V. When the gas of gas also stopped.
burner is off, then the voltage is 5V. When the gas burner w ill
D. Controlling Gas Burner by Voice Command
on, then the voltage w ill decrease to around 2.5V. The flame
sensor gives the analog output. It detects the flame source of For voice control system we use Arduino Voice control
a wavelength in the range of 760nm-1100nm. It has four pin software. By Arduino voice control software we put our voice
(VCC A0, D0, GND). VCC connects with +5V, GND connect as a command and the voice goes to the microcontroller
with Ground. A0 pin is connected with Microcontroller’s A2 by Bluetooth HC-05. The microcontroller (2) received the
pin shown in fig 1, 2. When the flame is detected, the A0 w ill voice by it’s RX pin. After receiving the voice command
become high. microcontroller closed the gas burner. When the voice was
IR sensor is used to detect cooking pot on the gas burner. If received then microcontroller (2) put it’s 13 number pin high
there is any cooking pot on the gas burner, the IR sensor can wait for 8 second again put it in low state. In this 8 second the
detect it easily. Usually, the output voltage of the IR sensor is another microcontroller (1) read the pulse by it’s 12 number
low. Still, when there is any cooking pot on the gas burner, then pin and closed the solenoid valve, with this the supply of gas
the output voltage w ill become high and the microcontroller w ill become stopped.
gets the signal that there is any obstacle on the burner.
E. Circuit Diagram
C. Controlling Exhaust Fan and Gas Burner “Fig. 3” and “Fig. 4” shows the complete circuit diagram of
We use an exhaust fan to control the environment of our system. We have used an ATmega328 microcontroller. The
our kitchen. When the temperature increases from its limit complete circuit diagram is divided into two parts. The first
and there is any smoke in the kitchen the exhaust fan w ill part is the diagram of the sensors and burner. The second part
automatically turn on. Here we need a Relay to control the is the diagram of the keypad system for setting the timer in the
exhaust fan. The exhaust fan’s positive terminal is connected gas burner. In the first diagram, there are MQ4, MQ2, DHT11,
with relay’s normally open pin, and the negative terminal is Flame sensor, IR sensor, which are respectively connected with
connected with 12V. Another part of 12V is connected with the microcontroller’s A1, A3, A0, A2, D6 pins. The LCD
relay’s common pin. Relay’s positive pin is connected with 5V, display used in this system is a 16x2 LCD where RS, E, D4,
the negative terminal is connected with ground, and the input D5, D6, D7 are connected to the microcontroller with the pin
pin is connected with the microcontroller’s D7 pin.When relay number 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. The VCC and GND are connected
became ON, the normally closed pin of relays are connected with VCC (5V) and GND of Microcontroller, respectively.
with the normally open pin, and the current flow through the There is a GSM used in the diagram in which two pins RX
line and the exhaust w ill turn on. When the situation is under and TX are respectively connected with microcontroller’s 13

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 2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

and 14 number pin. A solenoid valve is connected with relay

and the relay are connected microcontroller’s 15 number pin.
For exhaust fan there also used a relay which is connected
with microcontroller’s 18 number pin. A buzzer is connected
with microcontroller’s 16 number pin. Here the voltage of the
system is 5V. The voltage of exhaust fan is 7.2V and the
voltage of solenoid valve is 12V. The supply voltage is 220V
which are convert in to 12V by an adapter. In second diagram
a 4x4 matrix keypad is connect. There are four columns and
four rows in the keypad. The four columns of the display are
connected with four output pins of microcontroller’s which
are 7, 8, 9, 10 numbers pins. The four-row of the display
are connected with four input pins of microcontroller’s which
are 11, 12, 21, 22 numbers pins. HC- 05 is used here
for voice control, which the TX pin is connected with the
microcontroller’s RX pin. HC-05 needs (3.3-5)V for power
supply. Microcontroller’s 13 number pin is connected with first
circuit microcontrollers 12 number pin. Three seven segment
display is connected here. Which a, b, c, d, e, f, g pins are
connected respectively with MAX7219 display’s 14, 16, 20,
23, 21, 15, 17 pins.

Fig. 4. Schematic of the circuit having Microcontroller 2

defined as A. The loop w ill execute several times in the

program. The first term of the loop is to read the timer input,
which comes from the circuit two. I f the pin is high, then the
gas valve w ill be closed and wait for 4s, then it goes to read
the flame and IR sensors output. If the timer pin is not high,
it w ill directly go to read the flame and IR sensor part by
skipping the previous part. Then it w ill check the condition of
opening or closing the gas valve. I f the IR output is low and
flame output is less than 700, it w ill open the gas valve. I f the
condition is no, it w ill close the gas valve. Then it w ill display
the data of gas amount, smoke and temperature in the LCD
display. I f the temperature is greater than 30 or the smoke
value is greater than 300 it w ill switch on the exhaust fan. If
the condition is no it w ill switch off the fan. If the gas sensor
Fig. 3. Schematic of the circuit having Micro-controller 1.
value is greater than 300, it w ill switch on the exhaust fan
and send SMS to the house owner, then go to the A, or if
IV. I M PLEM ENTATION AND RESULTS the condition is no, it directly goes to the A, and again, the
In this section we have discussed about the implementation loop w ill execute comes to the endpoint. In the second flow
of the system and the outcome of it. chart, it described the algorithm of the keypad timer system.
The char starts with the start point; then it goes to initialize
A. Flow chart I/O put pin. First, it defines key map then it w ill assign I/O
The flow chart of our system is divided into two parts, pin for the keypad and seven-segment display. First, it read the
shown in “Fig. 5” and “Fig. 6” . The First part is the sensors data from Bluetooth if it is yes then it goes to the D point and
part, and the second part is the keypad part. In the first this point w ill make the 13 number pin high. Or the condition
flow chart, there was a start point where the algorithm starts is no it goes to the keypad. After reading keypad then it’s go
then it goes to initialize I/O pins. Then it defines baud rate to the key pressed. I f it is yes then it w ill check the “ *” key,
and software serial baud for creating software serial port to if the star key is pressed then the variable value w ill become
initialize GSM modem. Now the loop is started, which is one then again it checks the keypad, if it is no it w ill go to

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 2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

the B point. After reading the keypad it w ill check is there

any key pressed. I f it is true, 48 w ill subtract from the pressed
value. Then it w ill go to the keycount point. I f the keycount
is greater than equal of 3 it w ill count the number if it’s no it
w ill go to the point C. After counting the number, it w ill show
in segment display and wait for one second for decreasing the
number. When the number is o, 13 number pin w ill be high
and after waiting for 8 seconds the function w ill make the pin
low. After this it w ill goes to the B point and reached at the
ending point.

Stan

In itialize I/O Pins

IRoo^-LOW
Create software serial port Flame out< 700

Open gas vable C lose isis v a lu e

Define UARTband rate

9600 bps
Read gas, smoke
and icniperatu
Dcline software serial baud scit M ir
rale 115200 bps

Show data an LCD

Initialize GSM modem Dtslay

Head I imerin
Pin (pm 121
Temperature >30 degree C

Smoke sensor value> 300

timerin
tin- HIGH? Switch ON the
exhaust Ian Fig. 6. Block diagram of the circuit having Microcontroller 2
Switch oil exhaust Ian

Close isis valbe

Gas sensor value> 300

Wail 4s

Read (lame and IR switch ON exhaust fan

0h_ Send SMS to house

^ END J

Fig. 5. Block Diagram of the circuit having Micro-controller 1.

B. Implementation
In this section, we have displayed the implementation of the
implemented system. The complete overview of implemented
prototype is shown in “Fig. 7” and “Fig. 8” demonstrate the
gas leakage detection by the implemented system. “ Fig. 9”
represents the relation between the buzzer and gas sensor.
When there is any gas leakage, the buzzer w ill make an alarm.
“ Fig. 9” shows that when the gas sensor’s value is low, the Fig. 7. Complete overview of the system
buzzer’s value is low. When the voltage of the gas sensor is
high, it means gas leakage is detected. Then the output voltage
of buzzer w ill become high, and then it w ill make an alarm.

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 2021 2nd International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

real-life gas pipeline, which could be risky for an uncertain

accident. So that here we have used a gas balloon that does
not supply sufficient gas and pressure. I f we implement this
system in the real-world, this system w ill need to enhance
more. The more realistic system may not be cost-efficient like
this prototype. In our approach, here is no auto ignition system
to control the fire incident.
V. C o n c l u s io n

Our proposed system is progressively successful and eco­

friendly because of the reason for distinguishing the spillage
of gas and controlling the gas valve. Hence it is mainly
designed for the safety of people and property. Using a
microcontroller also allows us to use the burner as a timer
Fig. 8 . Gas leakage detection and result system for cooking purposes. It also reduces the wastage of
gas while removing the cooking pot from the burner by using
an obstacle detection sensor.This work’s development process
The exhaust fan w ill automatically turn on if any gas leakage
includes a microcontroller for the timer, GSM module for
is detected or there are any kind of smoke in the kitchen or
SMS, gas leakage sensor, alarm system and LCDs, IR sensor,
the temperature of the kitchen increased. From these three
and exhaust fan. It is completely integrated, so once it is
conditions if anyone condition is present in the kitchen the
exhaust fan w ill turn on. Which is shown in “Fig. 10” . When implemented, the system can monitor gas leakage anytime.
It offers quick response time and easy of use.
the temperature value is larger than a threshold level, then the
exhaust fan is switched on. Likely, when smoke or gas leakage Re f er en c es
is detected, the sensor pin of the sensor w ill become high; then, [1] Mujawar, T. H., V. D. Bachuwar, M. S. Kasbe, A. D. Shaligram, and
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LPG gas leakage detection System.” International Journal of Scientific
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[2] Potadar, Mahesh P., Pranav S. Salvi, Ravindra B. Sathe, and Poonam S.
Chavan. ” LPG Leakage Detection and Automatic Gas Cylinder Booking
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System.” International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN (2015):

2348-4039.
[3] Mahalingam, A., R. T. Naayagi, and N. E. Mastorakis. ” Design and im­
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[4] Anandhakrishnan, S., Deepesh Nair, K. Rakesh, K. Sampath, and
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Fig. 9. The graphical representation of the output of buzzer and gas sensor. 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 4, Ver. I (Jul.-Aug .2016), PP 06-12
[6 ] Amsaveni, M., A. Anurupa, RS Anu Preetha, C. Malarvizhi, and
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[7] Priya, K. Padma, M. Surekha, R. Preethi, T. Devika, and N. Dhivya.
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[11] M. E. Alam, M. A. Kader, S. A. Proma and S. Sharma, ” Development of
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