LM-Cookery Grade 12

12
11

Cookery
LEARNING MODULE
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)

Content Standards Performance Standards

The learner demonstrates The learner independently creates a

understanding of one‘s PECs in Cookery. plan of action that strengthens and or
further develops his/her PECs in
Cookery

Quarter I Week 1
Module 1
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Introduction

In this module, you will learn more about entrepreneurship and the
entrepreneurial competencies related to Cookery. You will have a first-hand
experience in educational activities leading to personal assessment of your
entrepreneurial competencies and assessment of entrepreneurial competencies of a
successful chef within your area. You will also have some activities that will align your
competencies those of successful practitioners. Moreover, this module will stimulate
your mind to think about entrepreneurship and its role in the business community, as
well as in the economic and social development.
To start with this module, let us first understand entrepreneurs and
entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are people with skills and capabilities to see and evaluate
business opportunities. They are individuals that can strategically identify products or
services needed by the community and they have the capacity to deliver these at the
right time and at the right place.
Entrepreneurs are agents of economic change; they organize, manage and
assume risks of a business. Some of the good qualities of an entrepreneur are
opportunity seeker, risk taker, goal setter, excellent planner, a confident problem
solver, hardworking, persistent, and a committed worker.

Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just a simple business activity. It is a

strategic process of innovation and new venture creation. Basically, entrepreneurship is
both an art and science of converting business ideas into marketable products or
services to improve the quality of living.

2
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just a simple business activity. It is

a strategic process of innovation and new venture creation. Basically,
entrepreneurship is both an art and science of converting business ideas into
marketable products or services to improve the quality of living.
Now that you have a little background knowledge about entrepreneurs and
entrepreneurship, can you now walk through in assessing your PECs? Always
remember that ―Successful entrepreneurs continuously develop and improve their
PECs.‖

To begin with, let us first try to find out the competencies you will master as you
finish this module.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 identify areas for improvement, development and growth;

 align your PECs according to your business or career choice; and
 create a plan of action that ensures success in your business or career
choice.

Now that you have an idea about the knowledge and skill that you will develop
and master, take the first challenge in this module – the pre-assessment

PRE-ASSESSMENT
As part of your initial activity, you will be challenged to dig deeper on your
knowledge and previous experiences on the topic. Try to diagnose or assess what you
already know about PECs by answering Task 1.
Task 1: Matching Type
Direction: Match the entrepreneurial competencies in column A with their
meaning in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.

A B
1. Creative A. make a wise decision towards
the set objectives
2. Profit-oriented B. strategic thinking and setting
of goals
3. Discipline C. trust in one‘s ability
4.Decision D. adoptable to change
Making
5. People Skill E. innovative to have edge over
other competitors

3
 LM-Cookery Grade 12
6. Planner F. solid dedication
7. Self-confidence G. skillful in record keeping
8. Hardworking H. always stick to the plan
9. Ability to I. working diligently
accept change
10. Committed J. effective and efficient
communication and
relation to people
K. always looking for income

LEARNING GOALS AND TARGET

After understanding the objectives of this module, having gone through pre-
assessment, and answering the guide questions, you will be asked to set your own
personal goals. These goals will trigger you to further achieve the ultimate objective of
this module. In the end, these goals will motivate you to learn more about PECs.

Goals and Learning

Targets Activities Ultimate Goal

Figure 1: Strategic process to achieve the objectives of this module READING

RESOURCES AND INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

After setting your own personal goals and targets in achieving the objectives of
this module, check your inherent knowledge of PECs. Answer the following guide
questions with the help of your classmates.

Task 2: Guide Questions

Direction: Answer the following guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Explain the importance of assessing one‘s PECs before engaging in a particular

entrepreneurial activity.

2. Are there other strategies or approaches where you can assess your PECs?
Explain how those strategies will become more useful in selecting a viable business
venture.

4
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

3. What are the desirable personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills and
traits of a prospective entrepreneur? Why are these important?

4. Why there is a need to assess one‘s PECs in terms of characteristics, attributes,

lifestyles, skills, and traits before starting a particular business?

5. What is the significance of evaluatingPECs of a successful entrepreneur?

What helpful insights can you draw from this activity?

Know

Assessment of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) and Skills vis-

à-vis a Practicing Entrepreneur or Employee in a Province
Entrepreneurial competencies refer to the important characteristics that should
be possessed by an individual in order to perform entrepreneurial functions effectively.
In this module, you will learn some of the most important characteristics, attributes,
lifestyle, skills and traits of a successful entrepreneur in order to be successful in a
chosen career.
Below are few important characteristics / traits / attributes of a good
entrepreneur:
 Hardworking: One of the important characteristics of a good entrepreneur is
hardworking. This means habitually working diligently for a long period of time.
Hardworking people keep on improving their performance to produce good products
and/or provide good services.

 Self-confidence: Entrepreneurs have confidence in one‘s ability and own

judgment. They exhibit self-confidence in order to cope with all the risks of
operating their own business.

5
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

 Discipline: Successful entrepreneurs always stick on the plan and fight the
temptation to do what is unimportant.

 Committed: A good entrepreneur accepts full responsibility of everything in

his/her business. He/she gives full commitment and solid dedication to make
the business successful.

 Ability to accept change: Nothing is permanent but change. Change occurs

frequently. When you own a business, you should cope-up and thrive on
changes. Capitalize on positive changes to make your business grow.

 Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to stay in the

business and in order to have an edge over the other competitors.

 Has the Initiative: An entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must put yourself in
a position where you are responsible for the failure or success of your
business.
 Profit-Oriented: An entrepreneur enters into the world of business to generate
profit or additional income. This shall become the bread and butter for you and
for your family as well. Therefore, you must see to it that the business can
generate income.

Listed below are the important skills of a successful entrepreneur:

 Planner: Planning is strategic thinking and setting of goals to achieve objectives by
carefully maximizing all the available resources. A good entrepreneur develops
and applies step-by-step plans to realize goals. A good entrepreneur knows that
planning is an effective skill only when combined with action.

 People Skills: It‘s a very important skill in order to be successful in any kind of
business. People skills refer to effective and efficient communication and relation
to people working in and out of your business. In day-to-day business
transactions, you need to deal with people. A well-developed people skill can spell
out the difference between success and failure of the business.

 Decision Making: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to think quickly, and to
make a wise decision towards pre-determined set objectives. No one can deny
that the ability to make wise decisions is an important skill that an entrepreneur
should possess. Sound decision should spring out from given facts and
information and should be towards the pre-determined objectives.

Process

In order to firm up what you have learned and to have a better appreciation of
the different entrepreneurial competencies, read the PECs checklist presented below,

6
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

then answer the same.

Task 4: PECs Checklist

Directions: Using the PECs checklist, assess yourself by indicating a check ( /)

mark in either strengths or development areas column. Interpret the results by
counting the total number of check marks in each of the columns. After
accomplishing the checklist, form a group and share your insights and
experiences why you came up with that personal assessment.

Table 1: PECs Checklist

Personal Assessment
in terms of:
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies of an
Entrepreneur Strengths Development
Areas

Hardworking
- Working diligently
Self-confidence
- Confidence in one‘s ability
Discipline
- Always stick to the plan
Committed
- Solid dedication
Ability to accept changes
- Adoptable to change
Creative
- Innovative to have edge over other
competitors
Profit-oriented
- Always looking for income

Planner
- Strategic thinking and setting of goals

People Skill
- effective and efficient communication
and relation to people

7
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Decision Making
- make a wise decision towards the set
objectives

TOTAL

Interpretation or Insights:

ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET(EM)

Content Standards Performance Standards

The learner demonstrates The learner independently creates a

understanding of environment and business vicinity map reflective of
market in Cookery in one‘s area. potential market in Cookery in a
province.

Quarter I Week 1

Module2
Environment and Market

Introduction

People who aspire to start a business need to explore the economic,

cultural and social conditions prevailing in an area. Needs and wants of the
people in a certain area that are not met may be considered as business
opportunities. Identifying the needs of the community, its resources, available
raw materials, skills, and appropriate technology can help a new entrepreneur
in seizing a business opportunity.

To be successful in any kind of business venture, potential

entrepreneurs should always look closely at the environment and market.
They should always be watchful on the existing opportunities and constraints.
The opportunities in the business environment are those factors that provide

8
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

possibilities for a business to expand and make more profits. Constraints, on

the other hand, are that factor that limit the business to grow, hence reduces
the chance of generating profit. One of the best ways to evaluate the
opportunities and constraints is to conduct SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats) Analysis.

SWOT Analysis is a managerial tool to assess the environment. This

gathers important information which in turn is used in strategic planning.
Strengths and weaknesses are internal in an organization. Basically, they
relate to resources owned by the organization, by the things that you have
control over, and as well as to the extent of its marketing.

Opportunities and threats exist in the external environment. Opportunities relate

to the market, to the development of new technologies, and external factors such as
government policies, climate, and trends. Threats relate to what the competition is
doing, as well as legal and other constraints.

Now that you have read some important considerations to look into to be
successful in any business, you are now ready to explore more about the environment
and market.

To begin with, let‘s find out the competencies that you will master as you finish
this module.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify what is of ―value‖ to the customer;
 identify the customer to sell to;
 explain what makes a product unique and competitive;
 apply creativity and innovative techniques to develop marketable product;
and
 employ a unique selling proposition (USP) to the product and/or service.

Now that you have an idea about the things you will learn, take the first
challenge in this module – the pre-assessment.

9
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Task 1: Multiple-Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. This is generated by examining the goods and services sold in the

community.
A. business creation C. business concept
B. business pricing D. business idea
2. A process of making a new product to be sold to the customers.
A. product analysis C. product development
B. product conceptualization D.product
implementation

3. These are luxuries, advantages and desires that every individual considers
beyond necessity.
A. wants C. requirements
B. desires D. needs
4. This is the factor or consideration presented by a seller as the reason that
one product or service is different from and better than that of the
competition.
A. unique selling plan C. unique pricing policy
B. unique selling proposition D. finding value-added
5. In this stage, the needs of the target market are identified, reviewed and
evaluated.
A. concept development C. project development
B. economic analysis D. refine specification
6. This is the introduction of new ideas to make the product and services
more attractive and saleable to the target customers.
A. new idea C. product development
B. creativity D. innovation
7. A managerial tool used to assess the environment and to gather important
information that can be used for strategic planning.
A. environmental scanning C. WOTS Analysis
B. SWOT Analysis D. survey analysis
8. A marketing practice of creating name, symbol or design that identifies and
differentiate a product from the other products.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
9. This is a meaningful and unforgettable statement that captures the
essence of the brand.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
10. These are the things that people cannot live without in a society.
A. wants C. requirements
10
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

B. desires D. needs

11
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Know

Product Development

When we talk of product development, we are referring to a process of making

a new product to be sold by a business or enterprise to its customers. The product
development may involve modification of an existing product or its presentation, or
formulation of an entirely new product that satisfies a newly defined customer‘s needs,
wants and/or a market place.
The term development in this module refers collectively to the entire process of
identifying a market opportunity, creating a product to appeal to the identified market,
and finally, testing, modifying and refining the product until it becomes ready for
production.
There are basic, yet vital questions that you can ask yourself about product
development. When you find acceptable answers to these, you may now say that you
are ready to develop a product and/or render services:
1. For whom are the product services aimed at?
2. What benefits will the customers expect from it?
3. How will the product differ from the existing brand? From its competitor?

Likewise, needs and wants of the people within an area should also be taken
into big consideration. Everyone has his/her own needs and wants. However,
everyone has different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important
things that every individual cannot live without in a society. These include:
1. basic commodities for consumption;
2. clothing and other personal belongings;
3. shelter, sanitation and health; and
4. education.

Basic needs are essential to an individual to live with dignity and pride in a
community. These needs can obviously help you generate business ideas and
subsequently to product development.

Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and expensive
way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic necessities of life.
Some examples of wants or desires: fashion accessories, expensive shoes and
clothes, travelling around the world, eating in an expensive restaurant; watching
movies, concerts, having luxurious cars, wearing expensive jewelries, perfume, living
in impressive homes, among others.

12
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business that
you may engage into because it can serve as the measure of your success. Some
other good points that might be considered in business undertakings are the kind of
people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and tradition, and social orientation that
they belong to.
To summarize, product development entirely depends on the needs and wants
of the customers. Another important issue to deal with is the key concepts of
developing a product. The succeeding topic will enlighten you about the procedure in
coming up with a product.

Concepts of Developing a Product

Concept development is a critical phase in the development of a product. In

this stage, the needs of the target market are identified and competitive products are
reviewed before the product specifications are defined. The product concept is
selected along with an economic analysis to come up with an outline of how a product
is being developed. Below is a figure that shows the stages of concept development of

Identify Establish Generate Select a

Refine
Customer Product Product Specifications
arge
Needs Concepts Concept

Plan
Remaining
Analyze Perform Developme
Competitive Economic nt Project
Products Analysis

a product.

Concept Development

Figure 3: Concept Development

13
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

The process of product development follows the following steps:

A. Identify Customer Needs: Using survey forms, interviews, researches,

focus group discussions, and observations, an entrepreneur can easily identify
customers‘ needs and wants. In this stage, the information that can be possibly
gathered are product specifications (performance, taste, size, color, shape, life span of
the product, etc.). This stage is very important because this would determine the
product to be produced or provided.

B. Establish Target Specifications: Based on customers' needs and

reviews of competitive products, you may now establish target specifications of the
prospective new product and/or services. Target specifications are essentially a wish-
list.

C. Analyze Competitive Products: It is imperative to analyze existing

competitive products to provide important information in establishing product or
services specifications. Other products may exhibit successful design attributes that
should be emulated or improved upon in the new product or services.

D. Generate Product Concepts:After having gone through with the previous

processes, you may now develop a number of product concepts to illustrate what
types of product or services are both technically feasible and would best meet the
requirements of the target specifications.

E. Select a Product Concept: Through the process of evaluation between

attributes, a final concept is selected. After the final selection, additional market
research can be applied to obtain feedback from certain key customers.

F. Refine Product Specifications: In this stage, product or services

specifications are refined on the basis of input from the foregoing activities. Final
specification as the results of extensive study, expected service life, projected selling
price and among others are being considered in this stage.

G. Perform Economic Analysis: Throughout the process of product

development, it is very important to always review and estimate the economic
implications regarding development expenses, manufacturing costs, and selling price
of the product or services to be offered or provided.

H. Plan the Remaining Development Project: In this final stage of concept

development, you may prepare a detailed development plan which includes list of
activities, the necessary resources and expenses, and development schedule with
milestones for tracking progress.

14
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Finding Value

People buy for a reason. There should be something in your product or service
that would give consumers a good reason to go back and buy for more. There must be
something that has to make you the best option for your target customers; otherwise
they have no reason to buy what you‘re selling. This implies further, that you offer
something to your customers that they will make them value or treasure your product
or service.

The value that you incorporate to your product is called value proposition.
Value proposition is ―a believable collection of the most persuasive reasons people
should notice you and take the action you‘re asking for.‖ Value is created by fulfilling
deep desires and solving deep problems. This is what gets people moving, what
people gets spending for your product or service.

Innovation
Innovation is the introduction of something new in your product or service. This
may be a new idea, a new method or a device. If you want to increase your sales and
profit, you must innovate. Some of the possible innovations in your products are
change of packaging, improve taste, color, size, shape and perhaps price. Some of
the possible innovations in providing services are application of new improved
methods, additional featured services and possibly freebees.

Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

Unique Selling Proposition is the factor or consideration presented by a seller

as the reason that one product or service is different from and better than that of the
competitions. Before you can begin to sell your product or service to your target
customers, you have to sell yourself on it. This is especially important when your
product or service is similar to those around you.
USP would require careful analysis of other businesses' ads and marketing
messages. If you analyze what they say or what they sell, not just their product or
service characteristics, you can learn a great deal about how companies distinguish
themselves from competitors.

15
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

Here's how to discover your USP and use it to increase your sales and profit:

 Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your customers. Always focus
on the needs of the target customers and forget falling in love with your own product or
service. Always remember, you are making this product or providing for the target
customers to eventually increase sales and earn profit and not making this product or
service for you. Essential question such as what could make them come back again
and ignore competition should be asked to oneself. Most possible answers may be
focused on quality, availability, convenience, cleanliness, and reliability of the product
or service.

 Identify what motivates your customers. It is very important for you to

understand and find out what drives and motivates your customers to buy your product
or service. Make some efforts to find out, analyze and utilize the information that
motivates the customers in their decisions to purchase the product or service.

 Discover the actual and genuine reasons why customers buy your
product instead of a competitor's. Information is very important in decision making. A
competitive entrepreneur always improve this products or services to provide
satisfaction and of course retention of customers. As your business grows, you should
always consider the process of asking your customers important information and
questions that you can use to improve your product or service.

16
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

17
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

18
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

19
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

20
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

21
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

22
 LM-Cookery Grade 12

23
LM-Cookery Grade 12
LM-Cookery Grade 12

25