UNDERSTANDING A

COMPUTER
 UNDERSTANDING A COMPUTER
•Thanks to the computer technology we
were able to achieve storage and
processing of huge amounts of data

•We could rest our brains by employing

computer memory capacities for storing
information.
 UNDERSTANDING A COMPUTER

• Due to computer, we have been able to

speed up daily work, carry out critical
transactions and achieve accuracy and
precision in work.
• Computers of the earlier years were of the
size of a large room and were required to
consume huge amounts of electric power.
 UNDERSTANDING A COMPUTER

•However, with the advancing

technology computers have shrunk to
the size of a small watch.
•Depending on the processing power
and size of computers, they have been
classified under various types.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson you should be able to:
• determine the categories and classifications of
computer;

• identify the hardware and software parts of the

computer;

• determine input and output devices;

• identify different kinds of storage devices of computer.

 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• 1. ANALOG Computers
• 2. DIGITAL Computers
• 3. HYBRID Computer
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• 1. ANALOG Computers:
• An analog computer is a form of
computer that uses the continuously
changeable aspects of physical
phenomena such as electrical, mechanical,
or hydraulic quantities to model the
problem being solved.
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
• 1. ANALOG Computers:
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
• 2. DIGITAL Computer
• any of a class of devices capable of solving
problems by processing information in discrete
form.
• It operates on data, including magnitudes,
letters, and symbols, that are expressed in
binary code—i.e., using only the two digits 0
and 1
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
• 2. DIGITAL Computer
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
• 3. HYBRID Computer
• are computers that exhibit features of
Analog computers and Digital computers.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:

• 1. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• 2. MINICOMPUTER
• 3. SERVER COMPUTER
• 4. SUPER COMPUTER
• 5. MICRO COMPUTER
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 1. MAINFRAME Computer
• referred to as "big iron"
• are computers used primarily by large
organizations for critical applications; bulk
data processing, such as census, industry
and consumer statistics, enterprise resource
planning; and transaction processing.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 1. MAINFRAME Computer
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:

• 2. MINICOMPUTER
•Computer that is smaller, less
expensive, and less powerful than a
mainframe or supercomputer, but
more expensive and more powerful
than a personal computer.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 2. MINICOMPUTER
•
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 3. SERVER
• In a technical sense, a server is an instance of
a computer program that accepts and
responds to requests made by another
program, known as a client.
• Less formally, any device that
runs server software could be considered
a server as well.
• used to manage network resources.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 3. SERVER
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:

• 4. SUPER COMPUTER
•is a computer with a high
level of performance
compared to a general-
purpose computer.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 4. SUPER COMPUTER
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 5. Microcomputer
• is a small, relatively inexpensive
computer with a microprocessor as its
central processing unit (CPU).
• It includes a microprocessor, memory,
and minimal input/output (I/O) circuitry
mounted on a single printed circuit
board.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS BASED
OF SIZE AND FUNCTIONALITIES:
• 5. Microcomputer
PERSONAL COMPUTERS COME FROM
DIFFERENT FORMS:
• Desktop
• Laptop
• Netbook
• Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)
• Tablet
• Wearable Computer
PDA
WEARABLE COMPUTER
DETERMINE WHICH CATEGORY AND
CLASSIFICATION IT BELONGS
1. Smart Watch.
2. Computers server used by facebook
company.
3. Desktop computer at home.
4. Tablet
5. Cellphone
6. Gaming Laptop
COMPUTERS ARE MADE UP
OF 2 MAIN PARTS
•is set of instruction that tells
the hardware what to do.
(application software)
•Physical parts that make up
the Computer.
HARDWARE
INPUT & OUTPUT
DEVICES
INPUT DEVICE

•Is composed of device that

accepts data and
instruction from the user or
from another computer
system.
TWO(2) TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES

1. Keyboard Entry
2. Direct Entry
TWO(2) TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES

1. Keyboard Entry – data is

inputted to the computer
through a keyboard.
TWO(2) TYPES OF INPUT DEVICES

2. Direct Entry – a form of

input that does not require
data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a
keyboard.
3 CATEGORIES OF DIRECT ENTRY

1. Pointing Device
2. Scanning Device
3. Voice Input Device
3 CATEGORIES OF DIRECT ENTRY

1. Pointing Device – an input

device used to move the
pointer (cursor) on screen.
 3 CATEGORIES OF DIRECT ENTRY
1. Pointing Device
• Mouse – the most common pointing device used in
PC’s
• Touch Screen – a display screen that is sensitive to
the touch of finger or stylus.
• Light Pen – a light sensitive stylus wired to a video
terminal used to draw pictures or select menu
options.
• DigitizerTablet – a graphics drawing tablet used
for sketching new image or tracing old ones.
 3 CATEGORIES OF DIRECT ENTRY

1. Pointing Device
 3 CATEGORIES OF DIRECT ENTRY
2. Scanning Device – device that can
read text or illustrations printed on
paper and translates the information
into form the computer can use.
 3 CATEGORIES OF DIRECT ENTRY
3. Voice Input Device – allow user to
send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying
commands.
 OUTPUT DEVICE
•Is any piece of computer
hardware that displays
results after the computer
has processed the input data
that has been entered.
 OUTPUT DEVICE
1. Computer Display Monitor
Example:
a. CRT Monitor – (Cathode Ray
Tubes) were the only type of
displays for use with desktop PCs.
They are relatively big (14” to 16”
deep) and heavy (over 15lbs).
 OUTPUT DEVICE

1. Computer Display Monitor

Example:
a. CRT Monitor
 OUTPUT DEVICE

1. Computer Display Monitor

Example:
b. LCD Monitor – (Liquid Crystal
Display) technology has been
used in laptops for some time.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

1. Computer Display Monitor

Example:
b. LCD Monitor
 OUTPUT DEVICE
1. Computer Display Monitor
Example:
c. LED Monitor – (Light Emitting Diode) a
display and lighting technology used in
almost every electrical and electronic
product on the market, from a tiny on/off
light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic
lights and perimeter lightning.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

1. Computer Display Monitor

Example:
c. LED Monitor
 OUTPUT DEVICE

2. Projectors – is an optical
device that projects an image
onto surface, commonly a
projection screen.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

3. Smart Board – a type of

display screen that has touch
sensitive transparent panel
covering the screen, which is
similar to touch screen.
 OUTPUT DEVICE
3. Smart Board
 OUTPUT DEVICE

4. Printer – a device that prints

text or illustrations on paper.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

4. Printer
Example:
a. Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer –
sprays ink at a sheet of paper
and produce high quality text
and graphics
 OUTPUT DEVICE
4. Printer
Example:
a. Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer
 OUTPUT DEVICE

4. Printer
Example:
b. Laser Printer – uses the same
technology as copy machines,
laser printer produce very high-
quality text as graphics.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

4. Printer
Example:
b. Laser Printer
 OUTPUT DEVICE
4. Printer
Example:
c. LCD and LED Printers – Similar to
a laser printer, but uses liquid
crystals or light-emitting diodes
rather than a laser to produce an
image on the drum.
 OUTPUT DEVICE
4. Printer
Example:
c. LCD and LED Printers
 OUTPUT DEVICE
4. Printer
Example:
d. Line Printers – contains a chain of
characters or pins that print an
entire line at one time. Line printer
are very fast, but produce low-
quality print.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

4. Printer
Example:
d. Line Printers
 OUTPUT DEVICE
4. Printer
Example:
e. Thermal Printers – an inexpensive
printer works by pushing heated
pins against heat-sensitive paper.
Thermal printers are widely used in
calculators and fax machines.
 OUTPUT DEVICE

4. Printer
Example:
e. Thermal Printers
 OUTPUT DEVICE

5. Speakers – allows you to

listen to music or hear sound
effects from your computer.
DETERMINE THE DEVICES SHOWN IF
INPUT OR OUTPUT DEVICE.
1. Touch Screen
2. Projector
3. Printer
4. USB Flash Drive
5. Wireless Keyboard
6. Wireless Mouse
7. Smart Board
STORAGE
DEVICE
 STORAGE DEVICE

Aside from the device attached

on a PC, there are also the so-
called storage devices that
perform a special task in
computing system
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

1. Floppy diskette – refers to the

magnetic medium housed in a
rigid plastic cartridge measuring
3.5-inch square and about 2
millimeters thick.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

1. Floppy diskette – also called

“3.5-inch diskette” it can store
up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of
data.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

1. Floppy diskette
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

2. CD – also called optical disk

is a nonmagnetic, polished metal
disk used to store digital
information. The disk is read by
the CD-ROM Drive.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

2. CD
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

3. DVD – optical disk with a 4.7

gigabytes storage capacity on a
single-sided, one-layered disk,
which is enough for a
133minutes movie.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

3. DVD
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

4. USB Flash Drive – is a plug

and play portable storage
device that uses flash memory
and is lightweight enough to
attach to a key chain.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

4. USB Flash Drive

 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

5. Hard Drive – is the main, and

usually largest, data storage
device in a computer. the
operating system, software tittles
and most other files are stored in
the hard disk drive.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

5. Hard Drive
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE
6. LS-120 – is a drive which
supports a special floppy diskette
which can store up to 120MB of
information as well as being
backwards compatible and still
supporting the standard 1.44MB
floppy diskettes.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

6. LS-120
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

7. Zip Drive – is a small,

portable disk drive used
primarily for backing up and
archiving personal computer
files.
 TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE

7. Zip Drive
THANK YOU