Scribd
Upload
47 views5 pages

2.2 - Motion Along A Curve Path

Projectile motion involves two-dimensional motion under the force of gravity. It can be described as the combination of horizontal motion at constant velocity and vertical motion under constant acceleration. The document provides equations to describe the horizontal and vertical components of velocity and displacement of a projectile over time at various angles.

Uploaded by

meia quider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views5 pages

2.2 - Motion Along A Curve Path

Projectile motion involves two-dimensional motion under the force of gravity. It can be described as the combination of horizontal motion at constant velocity and vertical motion under constant acceleration. The document provides equations to describe the horizontal and vertical components of velocity and displacement of a projectile over time at various angles.

Uploaded by

meia quider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Projectile Motion

Projectile motion is a particular kind of two-dimensional motion. We make the following


assumptions:
• The only force present is the force due to gravity.
• The magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is |a⃗ | = g = 9.8 m/s2. We choose a
coordinate system in which the positive y-axis points up perpendicular to the earth's surface.

This definition gives

a x =0 (No x-component of the acceleration because the acceleration is always downward and
the x-component of the velocity vx is constant (see figure below))
a y =−g

• The rotation of the earth does not affect the motion.

Projectile motion is a combination of horizontal motion with constant velocity and


vertical motion with constant acceleration.
The direction of the velocity at any point along the object’s path is always tangent
to a given curve at that point.
At the highest point the y-component of the velocity is zero v y =0.

Ɵ0= Angle of departure(initial angle)

Ɵ=final angle

Projectile motion Equations

v ox=v o cos Ɵo (x-component of the initial velocity ⃗


vo )
v oy =v o sin Ɵo (y-component of the initial velocity ⃗
vo )

v x =v o cos Ɵo (x -component of final velocity ⃗v ) - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - (16)

v y =v o sin Ɵ0−¿ (y -component of final velocity ⃗v ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - (17)


2 2
v y =v o (sin ¿ ¿ 2 Ɵo)−2 g ∆ y ¿ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (18)

∆ x=(v o cos Ɵo)t (horizontal distance) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (19)


1 2 (vertical distance) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (20)
∆ y =( v 0 sin Ɵ0 ) t− g t
2

The magnitude of the final velocity ⃗v is :

v=√ v 2x + v 2y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - (21)

The angle Ɵ for the final velocity ⃗v is :

Ɵ=tan
−1
||
vy
vx
- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - (22)

Solved problems:
1. An object is fired from the ground at 100 meters per second at an angle of 30 degrees
with the horizontal. Calculate a.) the horizontal and vertical components of the initial
velocity. After 2.00 seconds, b.) how far has the object traveled in the horizontal direction?
c.) How high is the object at this point?

Given: v 0=100.0 m/s Ɵ0=30.0


0

Solution:
a. v ox=v o cos Ɵ0=(100.0 m/s )cos 30. 0 0=86.6 m/s
0
v oy =v o sin Ɵ0=(100.0 m/s)sin 30. 0 =50.0 m/s

b. ∆ x=¿((v ¿ ¿ o cos Ɵ0 )t=(86.6 m/s ) ( 2.00 s ) =173.2m ¿

1 2
c. ∆ y =( v 0 sin Ɵ0 ) t− 2 g t

1 2 2
∆ y =( 50.0 m/s ) (2.00 s)− (9.8 m/ s )(2.00 s )
2

∆ y =100.0 m−19.6 m

∆ y =80.4 m

Note: ∆ y = y− y o and ∆ x=x −x o


3. A tennis ball rolls off the edge of a tabletop 1.00 m above the floor and strikes the
floor at a point 2.80 m horizontally from the edge of the table. Air resistance may be
ignored. Find the
a) time of flight.
b) magnitude of the initial velocity; and
c) the magnitude of the velocity of the ball just before it strikes the floor.
Motion in A Circle

Uniform Circular Motion

This describes the motion of a body traveling on a circular path at constant speed. The distance of the body
from the axis of rotation (radius) remains constant at all times. Although the speed is constant, the velocity is
not constant since it depends also on the direction of travel. This changing velocity indicates the presence of
acceleration which is called the centripetal acceleration and is directed towards the axis of rotation. This
acceleration is produced by a centripetal force which is also constant in magnitude and directed towards the
axis of rotation.

2 πr
linear speed: v=
t
2
v
centripetal acceleration: a rad =
r
2
mv
centripetal force: F=
r

Non-Uniform Circular Motion

This motion involves a change in the speed of the particle moving along a circular path.

2
v
centripetal acceleration: a rad =
r

dv
tangential acceleration: a rad = ⃑
dt

where r is the radius of the circle and t is the period of the motion

You might also like