a) #VALUE!

Wall top elevation EL_Wall_top = 9.50 m

Wall Bottom elevation EL_Wall_bot = -0.45 m
Finished Grade elevation EL_FGL = 8.50 m
Operating liquid Elevation (Inside Tank) EL_TWL = -0.45 m
Test liquid Elevation (Inside Tank) EL_Test = -0.45 m
Ground Water Elevation (Outside Tank) EL_GW = 8.50 m
Wall height h_wall = 9.5 - -0.45 = 9.95 m
Operating liquid height h_opr = -0.45 - -0.45 = 0.00 m
Test liquid height h_test = -0.45 - -0.45 = 0.00 m
Depth of Retaining Soil h_soil = 8.5 - -0.45 = 8.95 m
Ground water depth below NGL 8.5 - 8.5 = 0.00 m
h_gw = 8.95-0 = 8.95 m
Vehucular Surcharge (Live Load) 0.00 kPa
Compaction Surcharge (Live Load) 20.00 kPa
Design Surcharge Max(0,20) = 20.00 kPa

1 Wall Forces
a) Hydrostatic Pressure (Tank Inside)
Tank Full /Hydro test Operating condition
0.0 kPa 0.0 kPa

0.00 m 0.00 m

0.0 kPa gw.H 0.0 kPa gw.H

b) At Rest Soil Pressure (Tank Outside) φ = 30°

Saturated Soil Submerged soil ko = 1-Sin(30°) = 0.50
0.0 kPa 0.0 kPa Use, ko = 0.50
0.00 m gsat = 18 kN/m³
8.95 m 0.0 kPa gsub = ϒsat - ϒw = 8 kN/m³
on toe ↓ 8.95 m on toe ↓
80.6 kPa 161.1 kPa 35.8 kPa 71.60 kPa
ko*gsat*H_soil ko*gsub*H_soil

c) Ground Water Pressure

gw = 10 kN/m³
0.0 kPa

8.95 m Raft thickness = 0.70 m

on toe ↓ Uplift ↑
89.5 kPa 89.50 kPa 96.50 kPa
gw*H_GW

d) Soil Surcharge
10.0 kPa Use, ko = 0.50
SR = 0.5*20 = 10.00 kPa
8.95 m

10.0 kPa
a) #VALUE!
Wall top elevation EL_Wall_top = 4.80 m
Wall Bottom elevation EL_Wall_bot = 0.75 m
Finished Grade elevation EL_FGL = 4.20 m
Operating liquid Elevation (Inside Tank) EL_TWL = 3.95 m
Test liquid Elevation (Inside Tank) EL_Test = 4.45 m
Ground Water Elevation (Outside Tank) EL_GW = 4.20 m
Wall height h_wall = 4.8 - 0.75 = 4.05 m
Operating liquid height h_opr = 3.95 - 0.75 = 3.20 m
Test liquid height h_test = 4.45 - 0.75 = 3.70 m
Depth of Retaining Soil h_soil = 4.2 - 0.75 = 3.45 m
Ground water depth below NGL 4.2 - 4.2 = 0.00 m
h_gw = 3.45-0 = 3.45 m
Vehucular Surcharge (Live Load) 0.00 kPa
Compaction Surcharge (Live Load) 20.00 kPa
Design Surcharge Max(0,20) = 20.00 kPa

1 Wall Forces
a) Hydrostatic Pressure (Tank Inside)
Tank Full /Hydro test Operating condition
0.0 kPa 0.0 kPa

3.70 m 3.20 m

37.0 kPa gw.H 32.0 kPa gw.H

b) At Rest Soil Pressure (Tank Outside) φ = 30°

Saturated Soil Submerged soil ko = 1-Sin(30°) = 0.50
0.0 kPa 0.0 kPa Use, ko = 0.50
0.00 m gsat = 18 kN/m³
3.45 m 0.0 kPa gsub = ϒsat - ϒw = 8 kN/m³
on toe ↓ 3.45 m on toe ↓
31.1 kPa 62.1 kPa 13.8 kPa 27.60 kPa
ko*gsat*H_soil ko*gsub*H_soil

c) Ground Water Pressure

gw = 10 kN/m³
0.0 kPa

3.45 m Raft thickness = 0.70 m

on toe ↓ Uplift ↑
34.5 kPa 34.50 kPa 41.50 kPa
gw*H_GW

d) Soil Surcharge
10.0 kPa Use, ko = 0.50
SR = 0.5*20 = 10.00 kPa
3.45 m

10.0 kPa
a) #VALUE!
Wall top elevation EL_Wall_top = 9.50 m
Wall Bottom elevation EL_Wall_bot = 0.75 m
Finished Grade elevation EL_FGL = 8.50 m
Operating liquid Elevation (Inside Tank) EL_TWL = 3.95 m
Test liquid Elevation (Inside Tank) EL_Test = 4.45 m
Ground Water Elevation (Outside Tank) EL_GW = 8.50 m
Wall height h_wall = 9.5 - 0.75 = 8.75 m
Operating liquid height h_opr = 3.95 - 0.75 = 3.20 m
Test liquid height h_test = 4.45 - 0.75 = 3.70 m
Depth of Retaining Soil h_soil = 8.5 - 0.75 = 7.75 m
Ground water depth below NGL 8.5 - 8.5 = 0.00 m
h_gw = 7.75-0 = 7.75 m
Vehucular Surcharge (Live Load) 0.00 kPa
Compaction Surcharge (Live Load) 20.00 kPa
Design Surcharge Max(0,20) = 20.00 kPa

1 Wall Forces
a) Hydrostatic Pressure (Tank Inside)
Tank Full /Hydro test Operating condition
0.0 kPa 0.0 kPa

3.70 m 3.20 m

37.0 kPa gw.H 32.0 kPa gw.H

b) At Rest Soil Pressure (Tank Outside) φ = 30°

Saturated Soil Submerged soil ko = 1-Sin(30°) = 0.50
0.0 kPa 0.0 kPa Use, ko = 0.50
0.00 m gsat = 18 kN/m³
7.75 m 0.0 kPa gsub = ϒsat - ϒw = 8 kN/m³
on toe ↓ 7.75 m on toe ↓
69.8 kPa 139.5 kPa 31.0 kPa 62.00 kPa
ko*gsat*H_soil ko*gsub*H_soil

c) Ground Water Pressure

gw = 10 kN/m³
0.0 kPa

7.75 m Raft thickness = 0.70 m

on toe ↓ Uplift ↑
77.5 kPa 77.50 kPa 84.50 kPa
gw*H_GW

d) Soil Surcharge
10.0 kPa Use, ko = 0.50
SR = 0.5*20 = 10.00 kPa
7.75 m

10.0 kPa
[1] #VALUE! Z= 0.16 Soil type = Type A
a) Weight Calculations I= 1.5 fck = 30 N/mm2
Clear width of tank = 8.10 m Clear height of wall = 3.95 m
Clear length of tank = 7.50 m Wall thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab width = 9.50 m Slab thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab length = 8.90 m Toe = 0.00 m
Concrete density = 25 kN/m³ Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m³
Weight of walls = 2350 kN Mass of walls mw= 239577 kg
Weight of slab = 1480 kN Mass of slab = 150828 kg
Water head in tank h = 3.20 m
Weight of water = 1944 kN Mass of water = 198165 kg

For rectangular tank, seismic analysis is to be performed for loading in X- and Y- directions.

b) Analysis along X-Direction

This implies that earthquake force is applied in X-direction.

B = 8.10 m

3.95 m Y X L = 7.50 m

t = 0.70 m

Parameters of Spring Mass Model. h/B = 0.40 B/h = 2.53

Corresponding to h/L ratio from Fig. 2 IS 1893 (Part 2) :2014
mi/m = 0.44 Impulsive mass of liquid, mi = 88174 kg
mc/m = 0.57 Convective mass of liquid, mc = 112273 kg
hi/h = 0.38 Impulsive Height (Without considering base pressure), hi = 1.20 m
hc/h = 0.56 Convective Height (Without considering base pressure), hc = 1.78 m
hi*/h = 1.00 Impulsive Height (Considering base pressure), hi* = 3.20 m
hc*/h = 1.06 Convective Height (Considering base pressure) , hc* = 3.40 m

c) Time period calculations

Time period of impulsive mode,
Where, d = deflection of the tank wall on the vertical center-line at a height Ћ 𝑇_𝑖=2 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 √(𝑑/𝑔)
when loaded by a uniformly distributed pressure q,
Ћ =((𝑚_𝑖 𝑥
ℎ_𝑖)/(2 )+( 〖𝑚∗ 〗
m*w = mass of one tank wall perpendicular to direction of loading. _𝑤 𝑥 ℎ)/2)/((𝑚_𝑖
)/(2 )+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
Mass of one wall is obtained by considering its inner dimensions only.
)
m*w = 518.44 kN Mass of single wall m*w = 52848 kg
Ћ = 1.62 m
q =((𝑚_𝑖 )/(2 ) q = 39.62 kN/m2
+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
)𝑔/𝐿ℎ
 To find the deflection of wall due to this pressure, it can be considered to be fixed at
three edges and free at top.
Deflection of wall can be obtained by performing analysis of wall or by classical analysis
using theory of plates. However, here, simple approach given in commentary of Section
4.3.1.2 is followed. As per this approach a strip of unit width of wall is considered as a cantilever and
subjected to a concentrated force P = q x h x 1 = 126.8kN. Length of cantiliver is Ћ = 1.63m
Hence, E = 5000 *√fck = 27386 dMPa
=(𝑃 (Ћ )^3)/(3 𝐸𝐼_𝑤 0.0002
) m
I = 1xt³/12 = 0.02858m4
Time period of impulsive mode, Ti = 0.030 sec
Time period of convective mode, 𝑇_𝑐=𝐶_𝑐 𝑥 √(𝐵/𝑔) Tc = 3.488 sec
for h/B = 0.40 Cc = 3.84

d) Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

Design horizontal seismic coefficient for impulsive mode,
𝐴_ℎ𝑖=𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)𝑖
[For partial underground tank conservatively lower taken, Table-3, IS18893 II (2015)] R=3
For 0.031 sec = (Sa/g)i for 5% damping (Sa/g)i = 2.50
(Ah)i = 0.10
Minimum Ahi as per IS 1893 Part 2 (2022) Min. (Ah)i = 0.02
Ahi = max(min Ahi, Ahi) = 0.100
Design horizontal seismic coefficient for convective mode, for 5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.29
Multifaction factor for 0.5% damping = 1.75
for 0.5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.50
(Ah)c = 0.020

e) Base shear
Base shear at bottom of wall in impulsive mode,
Vi = (Ah)i x (mi + mw + mt)*g = 321.52 kN
Similarly, base shear in convective mode,
Vi = (Ah)c x (mc)*g = 22.10 kN
Total base shear at the bottom of wall,
V = √(Vi²+Vc²) = 322.28 kN
This lateral base shear is about of 5.59% total seismic weight 5774kN of tank.

f) Overturning moment
Overturning moment at the bottom of base slab in impulsive mode,
Thickness of base tb = 0.70 m
Mi* = (Ah)i [ mi (hi*+ tb) + mw (hw+ tb) + mt (ht + tb)]g 965.68 kNm

Similarly, overturning moment in convective mode,

Mc* = (Ah)c x mc x (hc*+ tb )g 90.60 kNm

Overturning moment at bottom of base slab = M = √(Mi² + Mc²) = 969.92 kNm

g) Hydrodynamic Pressure
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure
Hydrodynamic pressure in Convective & Impulsive mode as calculated
below is applied in STAAD Model.
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure B/h = 2.53
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall
𝑝_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)=𝑄_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥(𝐴_ℎ )𝑖 𝑥 𝑝𝑔ℎ

𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦)=0.866 𝑥 [1−(𝑦/ℎ)^2]𝑥 tanh⁡〖 (0.866 𝑥 𝐵/ℎ) 〗

At base of wall, y = 0 ; 𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦=0) 0.84
Impulsive pressure at the base of wall, 2.65 kN/m2
For stress analysis of tank wall, Impulsive and Convective pressure on wall is
converted to equivalent linear distribution.
Base shear due to impulsive liquid mass per unit length,

𝑞_𝑖= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑚𝑖 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 5.77 kPa

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by: 0.45 kPa

𝑎_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑖))/ℎ^2 3.15 kPa

𝑏_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑖−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 3.15 kPa 0.45 kPa

h) Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure

Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall,
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑝𝑔 𝑥 B
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 0.4165 𝑥 cosh⁡(3.162 𝑦/𝐿)/cosh⁡(3.162 ℎ/𝐵)

Maximum pressure will occur at Ø = 0.

At base of wall, y = 0 ; h/B = 0.40
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = 0) 0.22
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.35 kPa
At y = h;
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = h) 0.42
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.66 kPa
Base shear due to convective liquid mass per unit length,
𝑞_𝑐= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑚𝑐 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 1.47 kN/m

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by:

𝑎_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑐))/ℎ^2 0.62 kPa 0.31 kPa

0.62 kPa
𝑏_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑐−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 0.31 kPa
 i) Pressure due to wall inertia
CL 4.9.5 1.75 kPa
𝑃_𝑤𝑤= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔)
IS1893-II 1.75 kPa
t= 0.700 m
𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔 = 25 kN/m3
1.75 kPa

j) Pressure due to vertical excitation

Max acceleration will @ (y = 0) 𝑃_𝑣= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _𝑣) 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ℎ 𝑥 (1−𝑦/ℎ) 2.09 kN/m2
[IS 1893 (2016) Part 1, CL 6.4.6] 𝐴_𝑣=2/3(𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)) 0.06666666667
Z= 0.16 𝑇_v = 0.30 sec
I= 1.50 Vc = Ahc x (mc) x g 𝑆𝑎/𝑔 = 2.50
R= 3

k) RESULTANT HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE ON TANK WALL BY SRSS METHOD

𝑃_𝐹=√((𝑝𝑖𝑤+𝑝𝑤𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑐𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑣)^2 ) 0.76 kPa
0.76 kPa 3.80 kPa

[pressure on wall length =7.5m

Wall Intertia load Pww is not applicable for this structure
3.80 kPa

l) Sloshing wave height

dmax = (Ah)cx R x B/2 = 0.24 m
[1] #VALUE! Z= 0.16 Soil type = Type A
a) Weight Calculations I= 1.5 fck = 30 N/mm2
Clear width of tank = 7.50 m Clear height of wall = 3.95 m
Clear length of tank = 8.10 m Wall thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab width = 8.90 m Slab thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab length = 9.50 m Toe = 0.00 m
Concrete density = 25 kN/m³ Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m³
Weight of walls = 2350 kN Mass of walls mw= 239577 kg
Weight of slab = 1480 kN Mass of slab = 150828 kg
Water head in tank h = 3.20 m
Weight of water = 1944 kN Mass of water = 198165 kg

For rectangular tank, seismic analysis is to be performed for loading in X- and Y- directions.

b) Analysis along X-Direction

This implies that earthquake force is applied in X-direction.

B = 7.50 m

3.95 m Y X L = 8.10 m

t = 0.70 m

Parameters of Spring Mass Model. h/B = 0.43 B/h = 2.34

Corresponding to h/L ratio from Fig. 2 IS 1893 (Part 2) :2014
mi/m = 0.48 Impulsive mass of liquid, mi = 94320 kg
mc/m = 0.54 Convective mass of liquid, mc = 107122 kg
hi/h = 0.38 Impulsive Height (Without considering base pressure), hi = 1.20 m
hc/h = 0.56 Convective Height (Without considering base pressure), hc = 1.81 m
hi*/h = 0.93 Impulsive Height (Considering base pressure), hi* = 2.96 m
hc*/h = 0.98 Convective Height (Considering base pressure) , hc* = 3.14 m

c) Time period calculations

Time period of impulsive mode,
Where, d = deflection of the tank wall on the vertical center-line at a height Ћ 𝑇_𝑖=2 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 √(𝑑/𝑔)
when loaded by a uniformly distributed pressure q,
Ћ =((𝑚_𝑖 𝑥
ℎ_𝑖)/(2 )+( 〖𝑚∗ 〗
m*w = mass of one tank wall perpendicular to direction of loading. _𝑤 𝑥 ℎ)/2)/((𝑚_𝑖
)/(2 )+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
Mass of one wall is obtained by considering its inner dimensions only.
)
m*w = 559.91 kN Mass of single wall m*w = 57076 kg
Ћ = 1.62 m
q =((𝑚_𝑖 )/(2 ) q = 39.45 kN/m2
+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
)𝑔/𝐿ℎ
 To find the deflection of wall due to this pressure, it can be considered to be fixed at
three edges and free at top.
Deflection of wall can be obtained by performing analysis of wall or by classical analysis
using theory of plates. However, here, simple approach given in commentary of Section
4.3.1.2 is followed. As per this approach a strip of unit width of wall is considered as a cantilever and
subjected to a concentrated force P = q x h x 1 = 126.3kN. Length of cantiliver is Ћ = 1.63m
Hence, E = 5000 *√fck = 27386 dMPa
=(𝑃 (Ћ )^3)/(3 𝐸𝐼_𝑤 0.0002
) m
I = 1xt³/12 = 0.02858m4
Time period of impulsive mode, Ti = 0.030 sec
Time period of convective mode, 𝑇_𝑐=𝐶_𝑐 𝑥 √(𝐵/𝑔) Tc = 3.306 sec
for h/B = 0.43 Cc = 3.78

d) Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

Design horizontal seismic coefficient for impulsive mode,
𝐴_ℎ𝑖=𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)𝑖
[For partial underground tank conservatively lower taken, Table-3, IS18893 II (2015)] R=3
For 0.031 sec = (Sa/g)i for 5% damping (Sa/g)i = 2.50
(Ah)i = 0.10
Minimum Ahi as per IS 1893 Part 2 (2022) Min. (Ah)i = 0.02
Ahi = max(min Ahi, Ahi) = 0.100
Design horizontal seismic coefficient for convective mode, for 5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.30
Multifaction factor for 0.5% damping = 1.75
for 0.5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.53
(Ah)c = 0.021

e) Base shear
Base shear at bottom of wall in impulsive mode,
Vi = (Ah)i x (mi + mw + mt)*g = 327.55 kN
Similarly, base shear in convective mode,
Vi = (Ah)c x (mc)*g = 22.25 kN
Total base shear at the bottom of wall,
V = √(Vi²+Vc²) = 328.31 kN
This lateral base shear is about of 5.69% total seismic weight 5774kN of tank.

f) Overturning moment
Overturning moment at the bottom of base slab in impulsive mode,
Thickness of base tb = 0.70 m
Mi* = (Ah)i [ mi (hi*+ tb) + mw (hw+ tb) + mt (ht + tb)]g 967.49 kNm

Similarly, overturning moment in convective mode,

Mc* = (Ah)c x mc x (hc*+ tb )g 85.43 kNm

Overturning moment at bottom of base slab = M = √(Mi² + Mc²) = 971.26 kNm

g) Hydrodynamic Pressure
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure
Hydrodynamic pressure in Convective & Impulsive mode as calculated
below is applied in STAAD Model.
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure B/h = 2.34
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall
𝑝_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)=𝑄_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥(𝐴_ℎ )𝑖 𝑥 𝑝𝑔ℎ

𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦)=0.866 𝑥 [1−(𝑦/ℎ)^2]𝑥 tanh⁡〖 (0.866 𝑥 𝐵/ℎ) 〗

At base of wall, y = 0 ; 𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦=0) 0.84
Impulsive pressure at the base of wall, 2.63 kN/m2
For stress analysis of tank wall, Impulsive and Convective pressure on wall is
converted to equivalent linear distribution.
Base shear due to impulsive liquid mass per unit length,

𝑞_𝑖= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑚𝑖 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 5.71 kPa

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by: 0.45 kPa

𝑎_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑖))/ℎ^2 3.12 kPa

𝑏_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑖−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 3.12 kPa 0.45 kPa

h) Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure

Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall,
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑝𝑔 𝑥 B
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 0.4165 𝑥 cosh⁡(3.162 𝑦/𝐿)/cosh⁡(3.162 ℎ/𝐵)

Maximum pressure will occur at Ø = 0.

At base of wall, y = 0 ; h/B = 0.43
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = 0) 0.20
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.32 kPa
At y = h;
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = h) 0.42
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.65 kPa
Base shear due to convective liquid mass per unit length,
𝑞_𝑐= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑚𝑐 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 1.37 kN/m

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by:

𝑎_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑐))/ℎ^2 0.59 kPa 0.26 kPa

0.59 kPa
𝑏_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑐−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 0.26 kPa
 i) Pressure due to wall inertia
CL 4.9.5 1.75 kPa
𝑃_𝑤𝑤= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔)
IS1893-II 1.75 kPa
t= 0.700 m
𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔 = 25 kN/m3
1.75 kPa

j) Pressure due to vertical excitation

Max acceleration will @ (y = 0) 𝑃_𝑣= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _𝑣) 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ℎ 𝑥 (1−𝑦/ℎ) 2.09 kN/m2
[IS 1893 (2016) Part 1, CL 6.4.6] 𝐴_𝑣=2/3(𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)) 0.06666666667
Z= 0.16 𝑇_v = 0.30 sec
I= 1.50 Vc = Ahc x (mc) x g 𝑆𝑎/𝑔 = 2.50
R= 3

k) RESULTANT HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE ON TANK WALL BY SRSS METHOD

𝑃_𝐹=√((𝑝𝑖𝑤+𝑝𝑤𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑐𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑣)^2 ) 0.74 kPa
0.74 kPa 3.77 kPa

[pressure on wall length =8.1m

Wall Intertia load Pww is not applicable for this structure
3.77 kPa

l) Sloshing wave height

dmax = (Ah)cx R x B/2 = 0.24 m
[1] #VALUE! Z= 0.16 Soil type = Type A
a) Weight Calculations I= 1.5 fck = 30 N/mm2
Clear width of tank = 2.70 m Clear height of wall = 3.95 m
Clear length of tank = 7.50 m Wall thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab width = 4.10 m Slab thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab length = 8.90 m Toe = 0.00 m
Concrete density = 25 kN/m³ Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m³
Weight of walls = 1604 kN Mass of walls mw= 163476 kg
Weight of slab = 639 kN Mass of slab = 65094 kg
Water head in tank h = 3.20 m
Weight of water = 648 kN Mass of water = 66055 kg

For rectangular tank, seismic analysis is to be performed for loading in X- and Y- directions.

b) Analysis along X-Direction

This implies that earthquake force is applied in X-direction.

B = 2.70 m

3.95 m Y X L = 7.50 m

t = 0.70 m

Parameters of Spring Mass Model. h/B = 1.19 B/h = 0.84

Corresponding to h/L ratio from Fig. 2 IS 1893 (Part 2) :2014
mi/m = 0.85 Impulsive mass of liquid, mi = 56364 kg
mc/m = 0.22 Convective mass of liquid, mc = 14697 kg
hi/h = 0.42 Impulsive Height (Without considering base pressure), hi = 1.35 m
hc/h = 0.75 Convective Height (Without considering base pressure), hc = 2.39 m
hi*/h = 0.46 Impulsive Height (Considering base pressure), hi* = 1.48 m
hc*/h = 0.76 Convective Height (Considering base pressure) , hc* = 2.43 m

c) Time period calculations

Time period of impulsive mode,
Where, d = deflection of the tank wall on the vertical center-line at a height Ћ 𝑇_𝑖=2 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 √(𝑑/𝑔)
when loaded by a uniformly distributed pressure q,
Ћ =((𝑚_𝑖 𝑥
ℎ_𝑖)/(2 )+( 〖𝑚∗ 〗
m*w = mass of one tank wall perpendicular to direction of loading. _𝑤 𝑥 ℎ)/2)/((𝑚_𝑖
)/(2 )+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
Mass of one wall is obtained by considering its inner dimensions only.
)
m*w = 518.44 kN Mass of single wall m*w = 52848 kg
Ћ = 1.76 m
q =((𝑚_𝑖 )/(2 ) q = 33.12 kN/m2
+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
)𝑔/𝐿ℎ
 To find the deflection of wall due to this pressure, it can be considered to be fixed at
three edges and free at top.
Deflection of wall can be obtained by performing analysis of wall or by classical analysis
using theory of plates. However, here, simple approach given in commentary of Section
4.3.1.2 is followed. As per this approach a strip of unit width of wall is considered as a cantilever and
subjected to a concentrated force P = q x h x 1 = 106kN. Length of cantiliver is Ћ = 1.76m
Hence, E = 5000 *√fck = 27386 dMPa
=(𝑃 (Ћ )^3)/(3 𝐸𝐼_𝑤 0.0002
) m
I = 1xt³/12 = 0.02858m4
Time period of impulsive mode, Ti = 0.031 sec
Time period of convective mode, 𝑇_𝑐=𝐶_𝑐 𝑥 √(𝐵/𝑔) Tc = 1.855 sec
for h/B = 1.19 Cc = 3.54

d) Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

Design horizontal seismic coefficient for impulsive mode,
𝐴_ℎ𝑖=𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)𝑖
[For partial underground tank conservatively lower taken, Table-3, IS18893 II (2015)] R=3
For 0.032 sec = (Sa/g)i for 5% damping (Sa/g)i = 2.50
(Ah)i = 0.10
Minimum Ahi as per IS 1893 Part 2 (2022) Min. (Ah)i = 0.02
Ahi = max(min Ahi, Ahi) = 0.100
Design horizontal seismic coefficient for convective mode, for 5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.54
Multifaction factor for 0.5% damping = 1.75
for 0.5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.94
(Ah)c = 0.038

e) Base shear
Base shear at bottom of wall in impulsive mode,
Vi = (Ah)i x (mi + mw + mt)*g = 215.66 kN
Similarly, base shear in convective mode,
Vi = (Ah)c x (mc)*g = 5.44 kN
Total base shear at the bottom of wall,
V = √(Vi²+Vc²) = 215.73 kN
This lateral base shear is about of 7.47% total seismic weight 2891kN of tank.

f) Overturning moment
Overturning moment at the bottom of base slab in impulsive mode,
Thickness of base tb = 0.70 m
Mi* = (Ah)i [ mi (hi*+ tb) + mw (hw+ tb) + mt (ht + tb)]g 549.26 kNm

Similarly, overturning moment in convective mode,

Mc* = (Ah)c x mc x (hc*+ tb )g 17.00 kNm

Overturning moment at bottom of base slab = M = √(Mi² + Mc²) = 549.52 kNm

g) Hydrodynamic Pressure
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure
Hydrodynamic pressure in Convective & Impulsive mode as calculated
below is applied in STAAD Model.
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure B/h = 0.84
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall
𝑝_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)=𝑄_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥(𝐴_ℎ )𝑖 𝑥 𝑝𝑔ℎ

𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦)=0.866 𝑥 [1−(𝑦/ℎ)^2]𝑥 tanh⁡〖 (0.866 𝑥 𝐵/ℎ) 〗

At base of wall, y = 0 ; 𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦=0) 0.54
Impulsive pressure at the base of wall, 1.69 kN/m2
For stress analysis of tank wall, Impulsive and Convective pressure on wall is
converted to equivalent linear distribution.
Base shear due to impulsive liquid mass per unit length,

𝑞_𝑖= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑚𝑖 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 3.69 kPa

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by: 0.61 kPa

𝑎_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑖))/ℎ^2 1.70 kPa

𝑏_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑖−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 1.70 kPa 0.61 kPa

h) Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure

Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall,
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑝𝑔 𝑥 B
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 0.4165 𝑥 cosh⁡(3.162 𝑦/𝐿)/cosh⁡(3.162 ℎ/𝐵)

Maximum pressure will occur at Ø = 0.

At base of wall, y = 0 ; h/B = 1.19
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = 0) 0.02
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.02 kPa
At y = h;
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = h) 0.42
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.42 kPa
Base shear due to convective liquid mass per unit length,
𝑞_𝑐= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑚𝑐 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 0.36 kN/m

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by:

𝑎_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑐))/ℎ^2 0.28 kPa -0.05 kPa

0.28 kPa
𝑏_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑐−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 -0.05 kPa
 i) Pressure due to wall inertia
CL 4.9.5 1.75 kPa
𝑃_𝑤𝑤= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔)
IS1893-II 1.75 kPa
t= 0.700 m
𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔 = 25 kN/m3
1.75 kPa

j) Pressure due to vertical excitation

Max acceleration will @ (y = 0) 𝑃_𝑣= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _𝑣) 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ℎ 𝑥 (1−𝑦/ℎ) 2.09 kN/m2
[IS 1893 (2016) Part 1, CL 6.4.6] 𝐴_𝑣=2/3(𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)) 0.06666666667
Z= 0.16 𝑇_v = 0.30 sec
I= 1.50 Vc = Ahc x (mc) x g 𝑆𝑎/𝑔 = 2.50
R= 3

k) RESULTANT HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE ON TANK WALL BY SRSS METHOD

𝑃_𝐹=√((𝑝𝑖𝑤+𝑝𝑤𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑐𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑣)^2 ) 0.67 kPa
0.67 kPa 2.70 kPa

[pressure on wall length =7.5m

Wall Intertia load Pww is not applicable for this structure
2.70 kPa

l) Sloshing wave height

dmax = (Ah)cx R x B/2 = 0.15 m
[1] #VALUE! Z= 0.16 Soil type = Type A
a) Weight Calculations I= 1.5 fck = 30 N/mm2
Clear width of tank = 7.50 m Clear height of wall = 3.95 m
Clear length of tank = 2.70 m Wall thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab width = 8.90 m Slab thickness = 0.70 m
Total slab length = 4.10 m Toe = 0.00 m
Concrete density = 25 kN/m³ Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m³
Weight of walls = 1604 kN Mass of walls mw= 163476 kg
Weight of slab = 639 kN Mass of slab = 65094 kg
Water head in tank h = 3.20 m
Weight of water = 648 kN Mass of water = 66055 kg

For rectangular tank, seismic analysis is to be performed for loading in X- and Y- directions.

b) Analysis along X-Direction

This implies that earthquake force is applied in X-direction.

B = 7.50 m

3.95 m Y X L = 2.70 m

t = 0.70 m

Parameters of Spring Mass Model. h/B = 0.43 B/h = 2.34

Corresponding to h/L ratio from Fig. 2 IS 1893 (Part 2) :2014
mi/m = 0.48 Impulsive mass of liquid, mi = 31440 kg
mc/m = 0.54 Convective mass of liquid, mc = 35707 kg
hi/h = 0.38 Impulsive Height (Without considering base pressure), hi = 1.20 m
hc/h = 0.56 Convective Height (Without considering base pressure), hc = 1.81 m
hi*/h = 0.93 Impulsive Height (Considering base pressure), hi* = 2.96 m
hc*/h = 0.98 Convective Height (Considering base pressure) , hc* = 3.14 m

c) Time period calculations

Time period of impulsive mode,
Where, d = deflection of the tank wall on the vertical center-line at a height Ћ 𝑇_𝑖=2 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 √(𝑑/𝑔)
when loaded by a uniformly distributed pressure q,
Ћ =((𝑚_𝑖 𝑥
ℎ_𝑖)/(2 )+( 〖𝑚∗ 〗
m*w = mass of one tank wall perpendicular to direction of loading. _𝑤 𝑥 ℎ)/2)/((𝑚_𝑖
)/(2 )+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
Mass of one wall is obtained by considering its inner dimensions only.
)
m*w = 186.64 kN Mass of single wall m*w = 19025 kg
Ћ = 1.62 m
q =((𝑚_𝑖 )/(2 ) q = 39.45 kN/m2
+ 〖𝑚∗ 〗 _𝑤
)𝑔/𝐿ℎ
 To find the deflection of wall due to this pressure, it can be considered to be fixed at
three edges and free at top.
Deflection of wall can be obtained by performing analysis of wall or by classical analysis
using theory of plates. However, here, simple approach given in commentary of Section
4.3.1.2 is followed. As per this approach a strip of unit width of wall is considered as a cantilever and
subjected to a concentrated force P = q x h x 1 = 126.3kN. Length of cantiliver is Ћ = 1.63m
Hence, E = 5000 *√fck = 27386 dMPa
=(𝑃 (Ћ )^3)/(3 𝐸𝐼_𝑤 0.0002
) m
I = 1xt³/12 = 0.02858m4
Time period of impulsive mode, Ti = 0.030 sec
Time period of convective mode, 𝑇_𝑐=𝐶_𝑐 𝑥 √(𝐵/𝑔) Tc = 3.306 sec
for h/B = 0.43 Cc = 3.78

d) Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

Design horizontal seismic coefficient for impulsive mode,
𝐴_ℎ𝑖=𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)𝑖
[For partial underground tank conservatively lower taken, Table-3, IS18893 II (2015)] R=3
For 0.031 sec = (Sa/g)i for 5% damping (Sa/g)i = 2.50
(Ah)i = 0.10
Minimum Ahi as per IS 1893 Part 2 (2022) Min. (Ah)i = 0.02
Ahi = max(min Ahi, Ahi) = 0.100
Design horizontal seismic coefficient for convective mode, for 5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.30
Multifaction factor for 0.5% damping = 1.75
for 0.5% damping (Sa/g)c = 0.53
(Ah)c = 0.021

e) Base shear
Base shear at bottom of wall in impulsive mode,
Vi = (Ah)i x (mi + mw + mt)*g = 191.21 kN
Similarly, base shear in convective mode,
Vi = (Ah)c x (mc)*g = 7.42 kN
Total base shear at the bottom of wall,
V = √(Vi²+Vc²) = 191.36 kN
This lateral base shear is about of 6.63% total seismic weight 2891kN of tank.

f) Overturning moment
Overturning moment at the bottom of base slab in impulsive mode,
Thickness of base tb = 0.70 m
Mi* = (Ah)i [ mi (hi*+ tb) + mw (hw+ tb) + mt (ht + tb)]g 541.92 kNm

Similarly, overturning moment in convective mode,

Mc* = (Ah)c x mc x (hc*+ tb )g 28.48 kNm

Overturning moment at bottom of base slab = M = √(Mi² + Mc²) = 542.67 kNm

g) Hydrodynamic Pressure
Impulsive hydrodynamic pressure
Hydrodynamic pressure in Convective & Impulsive mode as calculated
below is applied in STAAD Model.
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure B/h = 2.34
Impulsive Hydrodynamic Pressure on wall
𝑝_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)=𝑄_𝑖𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥(𝐴_ℎ )𝑖 𝑥 𝑝𝑔ℎ

𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦)=0.866 𝑥 [1−(𝑦/ℎ)^2]𝑥 tanh⁡〖 (0.866 𝑥 𝐵/ℎ) 〗

At base of wall, y = 0 ; 𝑄_𝑡𝑤 (𝑦=0) 0.84
Impulsive pressure at the base of wall, 2.63 kN/m2
For stress analysis of tank wall, Impulsive and Convective pressure on wall is
converted to equivalent linear distribution.
Base shear due to impulsive liquid mass per unit length,

𝑞_𝑖= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑚𝑖 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 5.71 kPa

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by: 0.45 kPa

𝑎_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑖))/ℎ^2 3.12 kPa

𝑏_𝑖=(𝑞_𝑖 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑖−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 3.12 kPa 0.45 kPa

h) Convective Hydrodynamic Pressure

Convective hydrodynamic pressure on wall,
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)𝑥 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑝𝑔 𝑥 B
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦)= 0.4165 𝑥 cosh⁡(3.162 𝑦/𝐿)/cosh⁡(3.162 ℎ/𝐵)

Maximum pressure will occur at Ø = 0.

At base of wall, y = 0 ; h/B = 0.43
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = 0) 0.20
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.32 kPa
At y = h;
𝑄_𝑐𝑤 (y = h) 0.42
𝑝_𝑐𝑤 (𝑦 = 0) 0.65 kPa
Base shear due to convective liquid mass per unit length,
𝑞_𝑐= ("(" 𝐴_ℎ)𝑐 𝑥 𝑚𝑐 𝑥 𝑔)/2𝐿 1.37 kN/m

Pressure at Bottom and Top is given by:

𝑎_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (4ℎ−6ℎ𝑐))/ℎ^2 0.59 kPa 0.26 kPa

0.59 kPa
𝑏_𝑐=(𝑞_𝑐 𝑥 (6ℎ𝑐−2ℎ))/ℎ^2 0.26 kPa
 i) Pressure due to wall inertia
CL 4.9.5 1.75 kPa
𝑃_𝑤𝑤= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _ℎ)𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔)
IS1893-II 1.75 kPa
t= 0.700 m
𝑝𝑚 𝑥 𝑔 = 25 kN/m3
1.75 kPa

j) Pressure due to vertical excitation

Max acceleration will @ (y = 0) 𝑃_𝑣= 〖 (𝐴 〗 _𝑣) 𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ℎ 𝑥 (1−𝑦/ℎ) 2.09 kN/m2
[IS 1893 (2016) Part 1, CL 6.4.6] 𝐴_𝑣=2/3(𝑍/2 𝑥 𝐼/𝑅 𝑥(𝑆𝑎/𝑔)) 0.06666666667
Z= 0.16 𝑇_v = 0.30 sec
I= 1.50 Vc = Ahc x (mc) x g 𝑆𝑎/𝑔 = 2.50
R= 3

k) RESULTANT HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE ON TANK WALL BY SRSS METHOD

𝑃_𝐹=√((𝑝𝑖𝑤+𝑝𝑤𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑐𝑤)^2+(𝑝𝑣)^2 ) 0.74 kPa
0.74 kPa 3.77 kPa

[pressure on wall length =2.7m

Wall Intertia load Pww is not applicable for this structure
3.77 kPa

l) Sloshing wave height

dmax = (Ah)cx R x B/2 = 0.24 m