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    Measurement Scales

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    Daryl Raydanas
    This document discusses different measurement scales used in statistics. It describes the four main scales: nominal scale, which categorizes data without order; ordinal scale, which orders categories; interval scale, which orders categories and establishes equal differences between units; and ratio scale, which does all this and contains a true zero point. Examples are provided for each scale. The key properties and uses of each scale in statistical analysis are outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Measurement Scales

    Uploaded by

    Daryl Raydanas
    37 views15 pages
    This document discusses different measurement scales used in statistics. It describes the four main scales: nominal scale, which categorizes data without order; ordinal scale, which orders categories; interval scale, which orders categories and establishes equal differences between units; and ratio scale, which does all this and contains a true zero point. Examples are provided for each scale. The key properties and uses of each scale in statistical analysis are outlined.

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    This document discusses different measurement scales used in statistics. It describes the four main scales: nominal scale, which categorizes data without order; ordinal scale, which orders categories; interval scale, which orders categories and establishes equal differences between units; and ratio scale, which does all this and contains a true zero point. Examples are provided for each scale. The key properties and uses of each scale in statistical analysis are outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views15 pages

    Measurement Scales

    Uploaded by

    Daryl Raydanas
    This document discusses different measurement scales used in statistics. It describes the four main scales: nominal scale, which categorizes data without order; ordinal scale, which orders categories; interval scale, which orders categories and establishes equal differences between units; and ratio scale, which does all this and contains a true zero point. Examples are provided for each scale. The key properties and uses of each scale in statistical analysis are outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

    KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS


    Sudapin, Kidapawan City

    Measurement Scales

    Dhealyn Decee V. Sabit, PhD


    Graduate Program

    USMKCC-COL-F-016 1
    • It is necessary to give attention to different levels of
    measurement especially when contemplating the use of
    statistics.
    • The measurement scale is an important factor in determining
    the appropriate statistical methods to be used in analyzing the
    data of a particular study.
    • It is classified into nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval scale,
    and ratio scale.

    2
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Nominal Scale

    • The first and the lowest level of measurement.


    • It is merely grouping or classifying different objects into
    categories based upon some defined characteristics without
    paying attention to order or arrangement.
    • Following the identification of the various categories,
    frequencies or the number of objects in each category are
    counted.

    3
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Properties of the Nominal Data

    • The data are normally exclusive (an object can belong to only
    one category).
    • The data categories have no logical order or arrangement.
    There are two ways of classifying: the one-way classification
    and the two-way classification.

    4
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Example of a One-way classification

    5
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Example of Two-way classification

    6
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Ordinal Data

    • The second level of measurement.


    • There is a logical ordering or arrangement of categories aside from categories being
    mutually exclusive. This means that each data point can belong to only one class and
    cannot belong to any other class at the same time. No observation falls into more
    than one category.
    • The process of measurement is the same as the nominal scale where number of
    objects are counted in each category. However, we can discern which is the highest
    or lowest.

    7
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Example of Ordinal data

    8
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    • Properties of ordinal data:
    – Data categories are mutually exclusive.
    – Data categories have some logical orders.
    – Data categories are scaled according to the amount of the particular characteristics they
    possess.

    9
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    Interval Scale

    • The third higher level of measurement. It possesses all the properties of the
    preceding scales with some additional properties. Another additional property is the
    difference between the various level of categories on any part of the scale are equal.
    • A common variable measured on an interval scale is temperature. The difference
    between temperature of 65 and 88 is regarded as the difference between 13 and 16.
    • Zero is just another point on the scale. It does not mean that there is no
    temperature.

    10
    USMKCC-COL-F-016
    • The properties of interval data are as follows:
    – Data categories are mutually exclusive.
    – Data categories have a logical order.
    – Data categories are scale according to the amount of the characteristics they possess.
    – Equal difference in the characteristics are represented by equal difference in the numbers
    assigned to the categories.
    – The point zero is just another point in the scale.

    11
    Ratio Scale

    • The highest level of measurement.


    • All properties of the interval scale are applicable in the ratio scale plus one additional
    property which is known as the “true zero point” which reflects the absence of the
    characteristics measured.
    • Example, if the teacher in statistics gives a quiz and the student got zero, then the
    student got no correct answer (score=0).

    12
    In Summary

    • The nominal scale categorizes without order.


    • The ordinal scale categories with order.
    • The interval scale categories with order and established an equal unit in the scale.
    • The ratio scale categories with order, establishes an equal unit in the scale, and
    contains a true zero point.

    13
    References

    • Tagaro, C. A. (n.d.). Statistics made essay. 14th edition.

    14
    Thank you for listening……..

    USMKCC-COL-F-016 15

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