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Battle of Brownstown

In the war of 1812, 24 Native Americans attacked 200 US

troops.The US troops approached a forest and were fired at from
the Indians hidden in it, at which point some of the US infantry fled.
The leader of the US troops, Major Thomas Van Horne then ordered
a withdrawal, at which point the whole US unit broke and fled in
disorder. The Indians achieved the military victory against the
odds, even though they were outnumbered 8 to 1. The Americans
lost 17 people, while the Native Americans lost just 1.
fundamentals of
group dynamics
What is a group?
A group refers to two or more people who share
a common meaning and evaluation of
themselves and come together to achieve
common goals. In other words, a group is a
collection of people who interact with one
another; accept rights and obligations as
members and who share a common identity.
 group dynamics
Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist who founded the Group
Dynamics Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in 1945, is credited with coining the term
"group dynamics" in the early 1940s.

According to Keith Davis (1982),

Distinguished Professor Emeritus and
has been Chairman of the Department
Dynamics comes from the Greek word - "dunamis" or of Psychology at the University of
South Carolina and at Livingston
"force". Group dynamics refer to the study of forces
College of Rutgers University, Group
operating with the group.
Dynamics is defined as "Social
process by which people interact
face-to-face in small groups"
group dynamics
"Group dynamics" is the way in which people in a
group interact with one another, and how effective
they are at doing their job. When dynamics are
poor, the effectiveness of a group is reduced; when
To strengthen your team's
dynamics are good, it means the group's
dynamics, use the following
effectiveness is increased. Problems can come strategies:
from weak leadership, deference to authority, Know your team.

blocking, groupthink and free riding. Tackle problems quickly with good feedback.
Define roles and responsibilities.
Break down barriers.
Focus on communication.
Pay attention
 difference between
group and group dynamics

group group dynamics

can be defined as several refers to the attitudinal and
individuals who come together behavioral characteristics of a
to accomplish a particular task group. Group dynamics
or goal. A group behavior can concern how groups form,
be stated as a course of action their structure and process,
a group takes as a family. and how they function
Group dynamics refers to the attitudinal and
behavioral characteristics of a group.

1.GROUP SIZE
Size is an important characteristic of the groups, organizations, and
communities in which social behavior occurs. When only a few persons are
interacting, adding just one more individual may make a big difference in
how they relate.

2.group goals
Goals help define your organization, give direction and avoid chaos. Goals
can help motivate members by communicating what the organization is
striving to achieve.
3. motivational base shared by individuals
People who are united by a common goal, belief, or even doing evil deeds
formed themselves to reach and achieve their objective as a group.

4. social conformity
Social conformity, the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes,
actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which
they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire

5. group cohesions
It refers to the degree of camaraderie within the group. Cohesive groups are
those in which members are attached to each other and act as one unit.
6. GROUP decision making
Group decision-making (also known as collaborative decision-
making or collective decision-making) is a situation faced when
individuals collectively make a choice from the alternatives
before them.

The decision is then no longer attributable to any single

individual who is a member of the group.
 four stages of decision making

A B C D

orientation evaluation reaching restoring

a decision equilibrium

Members discuss Presentations are communication

United as one and
The team assesses Making a decision tools that can be used as
potential solutions through
lectures,jokes and
speeches.
the data it has involves choosing
while analyzing the silly banters the
gathered. and weighing the
topic at hand. group proves that
pros and cons.
disagreements can
be resolved
 7. Leadership
Leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an
organization.

Leadership often requires leaders to take on some management tasks, but good
leaders understand that their strengths are different than those exhibited by good
managers who excel in articulating the steps required to complete tasks and
holding people accountable for achieving their share of assigned work.

An effective leader possess the following characteristics: self-confidence, strong

communication and management skills, creative and innovative thinking,
perseverance in the face of failure, willingness to take risks, openness to change,
and levelheadedness and reactiveness in times of crisis.
Concept of Leadership
Leadership is the ability to continuously
influence a team of individuals and
encompasses many important traits. Whether
you're taking on a leadership role for a
complex project or you're advancing in your
career, leadership concepts are effective tools
to use as a way to develop your strengths in
your position.
 special properties of groups
The special properties of a groups are illustrated by a simple lesson in
Mathematics., as in one plus one equals three (1+1=3). This is a logical
error in the world of Mathematics.

In the world of group dynamics, however, this is rational. In a group,

there is no such things as merely composition of two people. It is their
relationship that makes it three.
 types of group
primary group secondary group
consists of members who are aware and
is characterized by intimate face-to-face
cognizant of personal relationships, but they
association and cooperation among its
do not feel their lives are bound with one
members. It fundamentally forms the social
another except in time of social crisis.The
nature and ideals of an individual. It involves
members may be separated from one another
sympathy and mental identification which is
by distance or by lack of personal physical
form of natural expression.
contact. Nevertheless, they can share their
interests through correspondence, press,
radio,telephone or other means.
 1. Interaction is the pattern of mutual
influence. (physical, verbal, non-
verbal,emotional, etc.)

characteristics 2.Structure is a stable pattern of

relationships.
of
group a. Roles deal with the behavior
expected of members in a given
position.
b. Norms are the rules that identify
and describe appropriate behavior.
c. Inter-member relations are
influenced by authority and
communication.
 3.Goals are the reason for
existence.

4. Perceived groupness is the extent in

characteristics which members see themselves as one.
(common fate, similarity, proximity)
of
group 5. Dynamic interdependency occurs
when the members are active,
energized, vibrant and changing.

6. Motivation focuses on personal

needs which-when attained-lead
to satisfaction
 kinds of formal group
Formal groups are divided into the following:

1. Command groups are specified by the organizational chart and

often composed of a leader and the members who directly report
to him/her.

Example: An academic department consisting of a chair and

faculty members.
 kinds of formal group
2. Task groups consist of people who work together to accomplish
a narrow range of goals within a specified time.

Example: Ad hoc committees, project groups, standing

committees
 kinds of formal group

3. Functional groups are created by an organization to accomplish

specific goals within an unspecified time frame. They continue to
function even after their goals have been achieved

Example: A sales and marketing department.

 kinds of informal group

1. Interest groups usually continue over time and may

last longer than general informal groups. The goals
and objectives of the interest groups are specific to
each group and may not be related to organizational
goals and objectives.

Example: Students who come together to form a study

group for a specific class.
kinds of informal group

2. Friendship groups are formed by individuals who

enjoy similar social activities, political beliefs ,
religious values, or the other common bonds. Members
enjoy each other’s company.

Example: Students who have an exercise group or who

meet for a so-called jamming.
 kinds of informal group

3. Reference groups are composed of people who are

evaluated for social validation and social comparison.

Social validation allows individuals to justify their

attitudes and value while social comparison helps
individuals evaluate their own actions by comparing
themselves with others.
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