Chapter 10 worked solutions 621

Solutions to Exercise 10E

10E Building understanding
1 a A maximum turning point is the highest point iv (−2, 0) and (2, 0)
on the graph.
v (0, −4)
b The graph of a quadratic is called a parabola.
c i Axis of symmetry is x = 0
c The x-intercepts are the points where the
graph cuts the x-axis. ii Turning point is (0, 3)

d The axis of symmetry is a vertical line passing iii Maximum turning point
through the vertex.
iv (−1, 0) and (1, 0)
e A minimum turning point is the lowest point
v (0, 3)
on the graph.
d i Axis of symmetry is x = 0
f The y-intercept is at x equals zero (0).
ii Turning point is (0, 4)
2 a (3, 0) , x = 3
iii Maximum turning point
b (1, 5) , x = 1
iv (−2, 0) and (2, 0)
c (−2, 4) , x = −2
v (0, 4)

Exercise 10E e i Axis of symmetry is x = 2

1 Read from the respective graphs. ii Turning point is (2, 1)

a i Axis of symmetry is x = 2 iii Minimum turning point

ii Turning point is (2, −1) iv No x-intercepts

iii Minimum turning point v (0, 4)

iv (1, 0) and (3, 0) f i Axis of symmetry is x = −1

v (0, 3) ii Turning point is (−1, 7)

b i Axis of symmetry is x = 0 iii Maximum turning point

ii Turning point is (0, −4) iv (−4, 0) and (2, 0)

iii Minimum turning point v (0, 6)

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622 Essential Mathematics for the VC 9 Second Edition

g i Axis of symmetry is x = 0 iv (−1, 0) and (1, 0)

ii Turning point is (0, 0) v (0, 2)

iii Minimum turning point l i Axis of symmetry is x = −2

iv (0, 0) ii Turning point is (−2, −1)

v (0, 0) iii Maximum turning point

h i Axis of symmetry is x = 0 iv No x-intercepts

ii Turning point is (0, −4) v (0, −4)

iii Minimum turning point

2 a y = x2 − 1
iv (−2, 0) and (2, 0) x −2 −1 0 1 2
y 3 0 −1 2 3
v (0, −4)
b
i i Axis of symmetry is x = 3

ii Turning point is (3, 4)

iii Maximum turning point

iv (1, 0) and (5, 0)

v (0, −5)

j i Axis of symmetry is x = 3

ii Turning point is (3, −0.5) c i Minimum turning point

iii Minimum turning point ii (0, −1)

iv (2, 0) and (4, 0) iii x = 0

v (0, 4) iv (0, −1)

k i Axis of symmetry is x = 0 v (−1, 0) and (1, 0)

ii Turning point is (0, 2)

3 a y = 9 − x2
x −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
iii Maximum turning point
y 0 5 8 9 8 5 0

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 Chapter 10 worked solutions 623

b iv (0, −3)

v (−3, 0) and (1, 0)

5 a y = −x2 + x + 2
x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
y −4 0 2 2 0 −4

c i Maximum turning point

ii (0, 9)

iii x = 0

iv (0, 9)

v (−3, 0) and (3, 0)

c i Maximum turning point

4 a y = x2 + 2x − 3 ii (0.5, 2.25)
x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
y 5 0 −3 −4 −3 0 5 iii x = 0.5

b iv (0, 2)

v (−1, 0) and (2, 0)

6 a i Read from graph: t = 1 second and

t = 3 seconds.

ii There are two different times because the

ball is going up, reaches its maximum
height of 12 metres and then comes down
c i Minimum turning point again.

ii (−1, −4) b i Read from graph: at t = 2 seconds the

graph is at its maximum.
iii x = −1
ii Read from graph: y = 12 metres.

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624 Essential Mathematics for the VC 9 Second Edition

iii Read from graph: t = 4 seconds is when a Positive graph: y-intercept = (0, 0),
the ball hits the ground (y = 0) x-intercept = (0, 0), TP = (0, 0)
Rule is y = x2

7 a Read from graph: h = 100 m. b Positive graph: y-intercept = (0, −4),

x-intercept = (−2, 0) and (2, 0), TP = (0, −4)
b Read from graph: maximum height is
Rule is y = x2 − 4
h = 155 m
c Negative graph: y-intercept = (0, 1),
c Read from graph: the rocket is in the air for
x-intercepts = (−1, 0) and (1, 0), TP = (0, 1)
t = 5 seconds.
Rule is y = −x2 + 1 = 1 − x2
d Read from graph: the rocket is going up for
d Positive graph: y-intercept = (0, 1),
2 seconds and going down for 3 seconds, so
x-intercept = (1, 0), TP = (1, 0)
it takes 1 second longer to go down to the
Rule is y = x2 − 2x + 1
ground.
e Negative graph: y-intercept = (0, 0),
8 a (−2, 0), (4, 0) x-intercepts = (−2, 0) and (0, 0),
Midway between −2 and 4 is x = 1, which is TP = (−1, 1)
the equation of the graphs axis of symmetry. Rule is y = −x2 − 2x

b Since the axis of symmetry is x = 1 and the f Positive graph: y-intercept = (0, −4),
y-coordinate of the turning point is −3, the x-intercepts = (−1, 0) and (4, 0),
coordinates of the turning point are (1, −3). TP = (1.5, −6.25)
Rule is y = x2 − 3x − 4

9 a TP = (1, 3), x-intercept (0, 0)

Axis of symmetry is the x-coordinate of 11 a Yes: these examples have two x-intercepts.
the turning point, so x = 1 is the axis of
symmetry.

b There is a difference of 1 unit between the axis

of symmetry and the first x-intercept.
Therefore there must be 1 unit between the
axis of symmetry and the second x-intercept.
Hence, the second x-intercept is (2, 0).

10 The y-intercept will always be the constant in the

equation.
The parabolas will always have the beginning
equation y = x2 for a positive graph and y = −x2
for a negative graph.

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 Chapter 10 worked solutions 625

b Yes: these examples have one x-intercept. 13 a Read from graph: y = 0 when x = −2 and
x = 2.

b Read from graph: y = −4 when x = 0.

c i y > −4
All values for x will give a value for
y > −4, with the exception of x = 0, which
gives y > −4.
So there are infinite vales of x.
c Yes: these examples have no x-intercepts.
ii y = −4
Only x = 0 gives this result

iii y < −4
No x-values give this result.

14 a i 0 = x2 − 2x.
Read from table: x = 0 and x = 2.
d No: parabolas have no limit, so at some point
the graph will touch the y-axis. ii 3 = x2 − 2x.
Read from table: x = −1 and x = 3

12 a y = −x2 + 2x, x = 2 b 8 = x2 − 2x has two solutions, x = 4 and

y = −(2)2 + 2(2) x = −2.
The parabola is symmetrical even though the
y = −4 + 4
table doesn’t show the other value x = −2.
y=0
Mal failed to include the negative in the c −1 = x2 − 2x has only one solution, x = 1.
equation. This is the minimum turning point of the
graph.
b y = x − x2 , x = −3
y = (−3) − (−3)2 d −2 = x2 − 2x has no solutions.
The minimum y value is −1 so there are no
y = −3 − 9
values of y less than −1.
y = −12
Mai failed to include the negative in the
equation. 15 Teacher to check on students’ work.

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