Allergen
Allergen
Allergen
reaction.
Spleen-Largest lymphatic organ containing venous
Antibody- a substance produced by B cells in response sinuses Located behind the stomach near the
to a specific antigen. Otherwise called diaphragm in the upper left quadrant of the
Immunoglobulins. abdominal cavity.
Antigen- a foreign substance capable of stimulating the Filters & cleanses blood; destroys pathogens
production of antibodies. carried by blood; contains a reservoir of blood;
primary site for removal of old RBCs; Major site
Complement- a group of plasma proteins that works
for Lymphocyte Production.
with antibodies to destroy cells of pathogens.
Thymus-Bilobed gland located above the heart; size
Immunity- resistance to specific disease-producing
decreases w/ age.
antigens.
Site T cell maturation; secretes hormone
Inflammation- a localized response to damaged or
thymosin, w/c stimulates maturation of T cells.
infected tissues that is characterized by swelling,
3 kinds of Tonsils
redness, pain, & heat.
1.) Palatine Tonsils- located on each side at the
Lymph (clear water) – the fluid transported in
lymphatic vessels. junction of the oral cavity & the Pharynx.
Lymph Node – A lymph-filtering node of lymphatic 2.) Pharyngeal tonsil/ Adenoid- located on the
tissue located on a lymphatic vessel.
back wall of the nasal cavity, a region known as the
Lymphatic Vessel- a vessel that transports lymph.
nasopharynx.
Pathogen- a disease-causing organism.
3.) Lingual tonsils- tonsils located at the back of
Spleen- the largest lymphatic organ.
the tongue.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – This is a part of the circulatory
NON-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE AGAINST DISEASE
system and a vital part of the immune system,
comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a 1.) Mechanical Barriers
clear fluid, called lymph directionally towards the heart.
(Skin, Mucous Membranes, Fluids)
absorbs fat from the digestive system through
lacteals, the small lymphatic vessels in the 2.) Chemical Actions
small intestine. Lysozymes- an enzyme present in tears, saliva, nasal
LYMPH - An interstitial fluid that is derived from blood secretions & perspiration that destroy bacteria &
plasma as materials move from the blood in capillaries help to protect underlying tissues.
to the tissue cells.
Pepsin- an enzyme that digests proteins composing
Lymphatic capillaries -Microscopic close-ended tubes in
tissue spaces. microbes.
Collect interstitial fluid from tissue spaces; once Interferon- a substance produced by macrophages
in a lymphatic capillary, interstitial fluid is called &
Lymph. lymphocytes to stimulate uninfected cells to
Lymphatic Vessels -Formed by merging of lymphatic synthesize special proteins that inhibit the
capillaries; structure similar to veins; contain valves; replication of viruses w/in cells.
merge to form lymphatic trunks 3.) Phagocytosis
Transport Lymph and empty it to subclavian -Neutrophils and Monocytes act during infection.
veins.
Tissue Macrophage System
Lymphatic Organs - Sites of lymphocyte production &
immune responses & immune response. - formerly called Reticuloendothelial System
Lymph Nodes- Small, bean-shaped organs arranged in - plays a major role in the destruction of potential
groups along lymphatic vessels.
pathogens.
Filter & cleanse lymph; destroy pathogens - composes the specific phagocytes & wandering
carried by the lymph.
Phagocytes.
Tonsils-Masses of Lymphatic tissue at the entrance to
the throat. 4.) Inflammation
Intercept & destroy pathogens entering the -localize response to infection or injury
throat from nasal & oral cavities.
that promotes the destruction of pathogens &
the healing process. b.) Artificially Acquired Active Immunity- - results after a
person receives a vaccine of dead or weakened
- characterized by CARDINAL SIGNS:
(attenuated) pathogens or inactivated toxins (toxoid),
Rubor w/c trigger a primary immune response, leaving
Calor antibodies & memory B & T Cells to fight the pathogen
Tumor if it reenters the body.
Dolor 2.) Passive Immunity
Functiolaesa
a.) Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity-- in infants who
5.) Fever have received maternal antibodies via the placenta & in
-an abnormally high body temperature that mothers’ milk after birth.
accompanies widespread infections. b.) Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity- results from
receiving injections of antibodies (immunoglobulins)
IMMUNITY produced in another person or animal. ex. Tetanus
- Provides specific resistance to specific pathogens antitoxin.
&
foreign cells.
2 Distinct Mechanisms
TYPES OF IMMUNITY