6.

53

Prepared by:
Engr. Hazel Mei M. Manuel
 ✓The students utilize the
different formulas of the
derivative of algebraic
functions and
✓apply knowledge to
differentiation of different
functions.

H3M 2
 Derivative – the rate of change of a function D1: The Constant Rule
with respect to a variable. ⅆ
𝑐 =0
ⅆ𝑥
Differentiation Formulas or Rules – enable us
to find the derivative of even complicated
formulas D2: The Identity Function Rule
ⅆ
ⅆ𝑦
is called derivative of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥. 𝑥 =1
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥

In the following formulas: D3:

• 𝑢 and 𝑣 – are differentiable functions of 𝑥 ⅆ ⅆ𝑢
𝑐𝑢 = 𝑐
• 𝑛 – is any real number ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
• 𝑐 – is a constant

H3M 3
 D4: The Sum Rule D7: The Power Rule
ⅆ ⅆ𝑢 ⅆ𝑣 ⅆ 𝑛 𝑛−1
ⅆ𝑢
𝑢+𝑣 = + 𝑢 = 𝑛𝑢
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥

D5: The Product Rule D8:

ⅆ ⅆ𝑣 ⅆ𝑢 ⅆ𝑢
ⅆ
ⅆ𝑥
𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢
ⅆ𝑥
+𝑣
ⅆ𝑥 𝑢 = ⅆ𝑥
ⅆ𝑥 2 𝑢
D6: The Quotient Rule D9:
ⅆ𝑢 ⅆ𝑣 ⅆ 1 −𝑛 ⅆ𝑢
ⅆ 𝑢 𝑣 −𝑢 = 𝑛+1
= ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 𝑛
ⅆ𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2 ⅆ𝑥 𝑢 𝑢 ⅆ𝑥

H3M 4
 EXAMPLE:
ⅆ𝑦
1. Find
ⅆ𝑦
if 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5. 2. Find if 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2.
ⅆ𝑥
ⅆ𝑥

Solution: Solution:
ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ 3 ⅆ
= 𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 + 5 ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ𝑥 3𝑥 + 2
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = by D8
ⅆ ⅆ 𝑑 ⅆ𝑥 2 3𝑥 + 2
= 𝑥3 + −4𝑥 2
+ 5 by D4 ⅆ ⅆ
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 𝑑x (3𝑥) + 2
=
ⅆ
𝑥3 − 4
ⅆ 2
𝑥 +
ⅆ
5 = ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
by D3 2 3𝑥 + 2
3
= 3𝑥 2 − 4 2𝑥 + 0 by D7, D1 =
2 3𝑥 + 2
= 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥

H3M 5
 EXAMPLE:
ⅆ𝑦 4
3. Find if 𝑦 =
ⅆ𝑥 2𝑥+1 3

Solution:
ⅆ𝑦 4 −3 ⅆ
= 4 ⅆ𝑥
2𝑥 + 1 by D9
ⅆ𝑥 2𝑥 + 1
−12
= 2
2𝑥+1 4
−24
=
2𝑥+1 4

H3M 6
 ❑ Certain functions are formed out of simpler functions by a process of
substitution.
❑ Functions which result in this manner are called composite functions.
❑ For a general discussion of composite functions, consider the functions 𝑓 and
𝑔 given by 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑢 and 𝑢 = 𝑔 𝑥 respectively.
❑ We have here a situation in which 𝑦 depends on 𝑢 and 𝑢 in turn depends on 𝑥.
❑To eliminate 𝑢, we simply substitute 𝑢 = 𝑔 𝑥 in 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑢 and thereby obtain a
new function ℎ expresses symbolically in the form.
𝑦=ℎ 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑔 𝑥
❑ The 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 is a composite function since 𝑦 is a function of 𝑢 and 𝑢 in turn
is a function of 𝑥.
❑ Note that the equation above expresses 𝑦 directly as a function of 𝑥 .

H3M 7
 Example 1:
ⅆ𝑦
Find 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 = 4𝑢3 and 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
ⅆ𝑥

Solution:

Substituting 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 in 𝑦 = 4𝑢3 , we get 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 2

By D7, we have ⅆ𝑦
= 12 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 2 2𝑥 + 5
ⅆ𝑥
ⅆ𝑦
In the preceding example, can be obtained without eliminating 𝑢 . this
ⅆ𝑥
is accomplished by applying a theorem known as the Chain Rule for
differentiation and which we shall, for easy reference, denote by D10.

H3M 8
 CHAIN RULE:
If 𝑦 is a differentiable function of 𝑢 given by 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑢 and if 𝑢
is a differentiable function of 𝑥 given by 𝑢 = 𝑔 𝑥 , then 𝑦 is a
differentiable function of 𝑥 and

ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ𝑢
D10: = ⋅
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑢 ⅆ𝑥

H3M 9
 Example 2:
ⅆ𝑦
Consider the functions given in Example 1. Since 𝑦 = 4𝑥 3 ,then = 12𝑢2
ⅆ𝑢
ⅆ𝑢
. Likewise, since 𝑢 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥, then = 2𝑥 + 5. Then by D10,
ⅆ𝑥
ⅆ𝑦
= 12𝑢2 2𝑥 + 5
ⅆ𝑥
= 12 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 2 2𝑥 + 5

since 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥

H3M 10
 ❑ Consider again the function defined by the equation
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
this equation may be solved for 𝑥, giving
𝑥=𝑔 𝑦
❑ The functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are said to be inverse functions, to distinguish between 𝑓
and 𝑔, we shall call 𝑓 the direct function and 𝑔 the inverse function.

❑ Let us now focus our attention to the problem of finding the derivative of 𝑦 with
ⅆ𝑦
respect to 𝑥 or of a function written in the form 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑦 . This is a accomplished
ⅆ𝑥
by using the so called Inverse Function Rule.

H3M 11
 INVERSE FUNCTION RULE:
If 𝑦 is a differentiable function of 𝑥 defined in 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 , then it’s inverse
function of x defined by 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 , then its inverse function defined by 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑦 is a
differentiable function of 𝑦 and

D11: ⅆ𝑦 1
=
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑦
ⅆ𝑥

Note that D11 clearly shows that the rate of change of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥 (𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥)
and the rate of change of x with respect to 𝑦 (𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥) are 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑠. It also says
that the derivative of the inverse function is equal to the reciprocal of the derivative
of the direct function.

H3M 12
 Example:
ⅆ𝑦
If 𝑥 = 𝑦 − 4𝑦 , find
3 2
ⅆ𝑥

Solution:
since 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 − 4𝑦 2 ,

ⅆ𝑦
then = 3𝑦 2 − 8𝑦
ⅆ𝑥

ⅆ𝑦 1
and by D11: =
ⅆ𝑥 3𝑦 2 −8𝑦

H3M 13