DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

SSCE 1793 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS TUTORIAL 3

1. Use the definition of Laplace transform to determine F (s) for the following functions.

a. f (t) = 5e5t . b. f (t) = 3e−4t .

c. f (t) = sinh 4t. d. f (t) = cos kt.
 
t, 0 < t < 4 −1, 0 < t < 4
e. f (t) = f. f (t) =
5, t > 4. 1, t > 4.
 t
 e , 0 < t < 2
sin 2t, 0 < t < π
g. f (t) = h. f (t) = 0, 2 < t < 4
0, t > π.
5, t > 4.


2. Use the Laplace transform table to find F (s) for the given function.

a. f (t) = 2 sin t + 3 cos 2t. b. f (t) = e2t sinh2 t.

c. f (t) = 2t2 − 3t + 4. d. f (t) = (sin t + cos t)2 .
e. f (t) = e−2t sin 5t. f. f (t) = sin t cos t.

g. f (t) = 5e2t + 7e−t . h. f (t) = (t − 1)2 + t sinh 2t.

i. f (t) = t2 − t sinh t − 2e−t sin 3t. j. f (t) = t3 e−4t + t sin t.

k. f (t) = te−t cos 2t. l. f (t) = 2t2 e−t cosh t.

3. Sketch the graph of the given function for t ≥ 0, and find its Laplace transform.
a. f (t) = (t − 4)H(t − 4). b. f (t) = H(t − 2) − H(t − 3).
c. f (t) = (t − 3)H(t − 1). d. f (t) = cos(t − π)H(t − π).
e. f (t) = e−2t H(t − 4).

4. Express the given function in terms of unit step functions, and find its Laplace transform.

 t  0, 0 < t < 2
e, 0 < t < 2π
a. f (t) = b. f (t) = t, 2 < t < 5
cos t, t > 2π.  2t
e , t > 5.
 
0, 0<t<1 0, 0<t<2
c. f (t) = d. f (t) =
sin(t − 1), t > 1. t3 + 1, t > 2.

 sin t, 0<t<π  −t
e , 0<t<2
e. f (t) = sin 2t, π < t < 2π f. f (t) =
2t − 1, t > 2.
sin 3t, t > 2π.


5. Determine the following transforms.

a. L et δ(t − 2) .

b. L {cos t δ(t − 3π)} .
c. L t3 e−3t δ(t − 1) .

d. L {t δ(t − 1)} .
6. Find L {f (t)} for the following periodic functions.
 
1, 0 < t < 1 t, 0<t<π
a. f (t) = b. f (t) =
−1, 1 < t < 2 2π − t, π < t < 2π
f (t) = f(t + 2). f (t) = f (t + 2π).
t, 0 < t < 1
c. f (t) = d. f (t) = 1 − t, 0 < t < 2
1, 1 < t < 2
f (t) = f (t + 2).
f (t) = f (t + 2).
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7. Determine the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions.

1 1
a. . b. .
s+2 s2 + 4
1 1
c. 2
. d. 2
.
2s + 1 s −1
2 s
e. . f. .
(s − 2)2 + 9 (s + 1)2 + 5
2s + 1 1
g. . h. .
(s − 1)2 + 7 s2 − 2s + 2
s+3 s
i. 2
. j. 2
.
s + 2s + 5 s − 2s + (17/4)
2s + 3 1
k. . l. .
(s + 4)3 (s − 3)2
2s − 4 4 1
m. . n. − .
(s − 1)2 s2 + 9 (s − 6)2
e−4s 3se−2s
o. . p. .
s+2 s2 + 14
se−3s e−4s
q. . r. .
s2 + 4 s−3
1 − e−2πs
 
−2s s+2
s. . t. e .
s2 + 1 s2 − 4s + 8
 
−3s s−5
u. e .
s2 + 4s + 5

8. Determine the inverse Laplace transforms of the following functions.

e−s 5e−3s 2 4e−2s 4e−4s

a. − . b. − 2
+ .
s s s s s2
se−πs e−s
c. 2 . d. .
s +4 s3

9. Use the method of partial fractions to find the inverse Laplace transforms for the following
functions.
1 s+3
a. . b. .
s (s2 + 4) (s − 2)(s + 1)
8 2s − 13
c. 3 2 . d. 2
.
s (s − s − 2) s (s − 4s + 13)
2s − 3 2s2 − s
e. 2 . f. 2.
s +s−2 (s2 + 4)
s2 + 2s − 4 s2 + 1
g. . h. .
s3
− 5s2 + 2s + 8 (s − 1) (s2 + 2)
s2 + 4s + 5 s2 + s
i. 2. j. .
(s + 1) (s + 2) (s2 − 4s + 8) (s − 2)

10. Determine the inverse Laplace transforms of the following functions.

e−5s −2e−2s (s − 4)
a. . b. 3 .
s (s2 + 9) (s − 5)
(5s − 3)e−s 2e−4s
c. . d. .
s2 − 7s + 10 s (s3 − 8)
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11. Use the convolution theorem to find the inverse Laplace transform of the given function.
1 9
a. . b. .
s(s + 2) s3 (s − 2)
4 s
c. 2
. d. .
s (s + 1) (s + 4)2
1 1
e. . f. .
(s + 1) (s − 2) s (s2 + 4)
1 1
g. . h. 2.
(s − 1)2 2
(s + 1)
2 s
i. . j. 2.
(s − 1) (s2 + 4) 2
(s + 1)
s s2
k. . l. 2.
(s − 3) (s2 + 1) (s2 + 4)
4 e−3s
m. 2. n. .
2
(s + 4) s(s2 + 9)

12. Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the following problems.
dy dy
a. − 5y = 0; y(0) = 2. b. − 5y = e5t ; y(0) = 0.
dt dt
dy dy
c. + y = sin t; y(0) = 1. d. − 5y = 0; y(π) = 2.
dt dt
dy dy
e. + 2y = et ; y(0) = 1. f. + 2y = 0; y(1) = 1.
dt dt
d2 y dy
g. −3 + 4y = 0; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 5.
dt2 dt
d2 y dy
h. + + y = 0; y(0) = 4, y 0 (0) = −3.
dt2 dt
2
d y dy
i. − − 2y = 4t2 ; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 4.
dt2 dt
d2 y dy
j. 2
+2 − 3y = sin 2t; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.
dt dt
d2 y dy
k. −3 + 2y = e−t y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 0.
dt2 dt
d2 y
l. + y = 0; y(π) = 0, y 0 (π) = −1.
dt2
d2 y dy
m. 2
+4 + 4y = 6 + e−2t ; y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0.
dt dt
d2 y dy
n. −2 + 2y = et sin t; y(0) = 0, y(π/2) = 0.
dt2 dt
d2 y
o. + y = δ(t − π); y(0) = 0, y(3π/2) = 1.
dt2
13. Solve the following initial value problems.

d2 y

dy t, 0<t<2
a. + 3 + 2y =
dt2 dt 4 − t, t>2
y(0) = y 0 (0) = 0.

2
d y dy  4, 0 < t < 2
b. + − 12y = 0, 2 < t < 4
dt2 dt
−4, t>4

y(0) = y 0 (0) = 0.
 4

d2 y

dy −2, 0 < t < 3
c. +5 + 6y =
dt2 dt 0, t>3
y(0) = y 0 (0) = 0.
d2 y

dy t, 0<t<3
d. − 4 + 4y =
dt2 dt t + 2, t>3
y(0) = −2, y 0 (0) = 1.
d2 y
e. + y = δ(t − 2π); y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0.
dt2
d2 y
f. + 4y = 8δ(t − 2π); y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 0.
dt2
d2 y dy
g. +4 + 4y = 1 + δ(t − 2); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
dt2 dt
d2 y
h. + 9y = δ(t − 3π) + cos 3t; y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0.
dt2

1 A B Cs + D
14. a. Given F (s) = = + 2+ 2 . Determine A, B, C and
s2 (s2 + 9) s s s +9
D. Hence, find the inverse Laplace transform of F (s).
d2 y
b. Solve + 9y = g(t); y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
dt2 
4t, 0 < t < 1
where g(t) =
4, t > 1.

15. a. Find the inverse Laplace transform of

1
F (s) = .
s(s + 6)(s − 5)

b. Then, solve the following IVP

d2 y dy
+ − 30y = g(t); y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0
dt2 dt

 2, 0<t<4
where g(t) = 0, 4<t<8
−2, t > 8.


16. a. Use the convolution theorem to find the inverse Laplace transform of
2
F (s) = .
s2 (s − 1)

b. Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the IVP

d2 y
+ 4y = δ(t − 2); y(0) = 2, y 0 (0) = −2.
dt2
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SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL 3
5 3
1. a. . b. .
s−5 s+4
4 s
c. 2 . d. .
s − 16 s + k2
2

1 e−4s e−4s 2e−4s 1

e. 2 + − 2 . f. − .
s s s s s
2(1 − e−πs ) 1 e−2(s−1) 5e−4s
g. . h. − + .
s2 + 4 s−1 s−1 s
 
2 3s 1 1 2 1
2. a. + 2 . b. − + .
s2 +1 s +4 4 s−4 s−2 s
4 3 4 1 2
c. − 2+ . d. + .
s3 s s s s2 + 4
5 1
e. . f. .
(s + 2)2 + 25 s2 + 4
5 7 2 2 1 4s
g. + . h. − 2+ + .
s−2 s+1 s3 s s (s − 4)2
2
2 2s 6
i.
s3
+ 2 − (s + 1)2 + 9 .
(s2 − 1)
6 2s (s + 1)2 − 4
j. + 2 . k. 2.
(s + 4)4 (s2 + 1) [(s + 1)2 + 4]
2 2
l. 3
+ .
s (s + 2)3
e−4s e−2s e−3s
3. a. . b. − .
s2 s s
e−πs s
 
1 2
c. e−s − . d. 2 .
s2 s s +1
e−8 e−4s
e. .
s+2
1 h i se−2πs
4. a. 1 + e2π(1−s) + 2 .
s−1 (s + 1)
   10 
1 2 e 1 5
b. e−2s + + e −5s
− − .
s2 s s − 2 s2 s
e−s
 
−2s 6 12 12 9
c. 2 . d. e + 3 + 2 + .
s +1 s4 s s s
   
1 −πs 2 1 −2πs 3 2
e. 2 +e + +e − .
s +1 s2 + 4 s2 + 1 s2 + 9 s2 + 4
1 − e−2(1+s)
 
2 3
f. + e−2s + .
s+1 s2 s
5. a. e2(1−s) . b. −e−3πs .

c. e−(3+s) . d. e−s .
2 2
(e−s − 1) (e−πs − 1)
6. a. . b. .
s (1 − e−2s ) s2 (1 − e−2πs )
1 − e−s − se−2s (s + 1)e−2s + s − 1
c. . d. .
s2 (1 − e−2s ) s2 (1 − e−2s )
 6

1
7. a. e−2t . b. sin 2t.
2
1 1
c. √ sin √ t. d. sinh t.
2 2
2 2t √ 1 √
e. e sin 3t. f. e−t cos 5t − √ e−t sin 5t.
3 5
√ 3 √
g. 2et cos 7t + √ et sin 7t. h. et sin t.
7 √ √
−t t 13 2et 13
i. e (cos 2t + sin 2t). j. e cos t + √ sin t.
  2 13 2
−4t 5 2
k. e 2t − t . l. te3t .
2
4
m. 2et − 2tet . n. sin 3t − te6t .
3 h√ i
o. e−2(t−4) H(t − 4). p. 3 cos 14(t − 2) H(t − 2).
q. cos [2(t − 3)] H(t − 3). r. e3(t−4) H(t − 4).
s. [1 − H(t − 2π)] sin t.
t. e2(t−2) [cos {2(t − 2)} + 2 sin {2(t − 2)}] H(t − 2).
u. e−2(t−3) [cos(t − 3) − 7 sin(t − 3)] H(t − 3).
 
 0, 0 < t < 1  2, 0<t<2
8. a. f (t) = 1, 1 < t < 3 b. f (t) = 10 − 4t, 2 < t < 4
−4, t > 3. −6, t > 4.
 
 
0, 0 < t < π 0, 0<t<1
c. f (t) = d. f (t) = 1 2
cos 2t, t > π. 2 (t − 2) , t > 1.

1 1 5 2t 2 −t
9. a. − cos 2t. b. e − e .
4 4 3 3
8 1
c. e−t + e2t − 3 + 2t − 2t2 . d. e2t cos 3t − 1.
3 3
7 1 1 1
e. e−2t − et . f. sin 2t − t sin 2t + t cos 2t.
3 3 2 4
4t 2 2t 1 −t 2 t 1 √ 1 √
g. 2e − e − e . h. e + cos 2t + √ sin 2t.
3 3 3 3 3 2
1 2t
i. 2e−t − e−2t − te−2t . j. e (3 − cos 2t + 5 sin 2t).
2
1
10. a. [1 − cos{3(t − 5)}] H(t − 5).
9
 
1
b. 2e5(t−2) (2 − t) + (t − 2)2 H(t − 2).
2
 
22 5(t−1) 7 2(t−1)
c. e − e H(t − 1).
3 3
√
 
1 2(t−4) 1 1 −(t−4)
d. e − + e cos 3(t − 4) H(t − 4).
12 4 6
 7

 
1 9 1 2t 1
1 − e−2t . e − t2 − t −


11. a. b. .
2 4 2 2
1
c. 4 t − 1 + e−t .


d. t sin 2t.
4
1 2t 1
e − e−t .


e. f. (1 − cos 2t).
3 4
1
g. tet . h. (sin t − t cos t).
2
1 1
2et − sin 2t − 2 cos 2t .


i. j. t sin t.
5 2
1 1
3e3t − 3 cos t + sin t .


k. l. (sin 2t + 2t cos 2t).
10 4
1 1
m. (sin 2t − 2t cos 2t) . n. (1 − cos 3(t − 3))H(t − 3).
4 9

12. a. 2e5t . b. te5t .

1
3e−t − cos t + sin t . d. 2e5(t−π) .


c.
2
1
2e−2t + et . f. e−2(t−1) .


e.
3
√ √ !
3t/2 7 √ 7
g. e cos t + 7 sin t .
2 2
√ √ !
−t/2 3 2 3
h. e 4 cos t + √ sin t .
2 3 2
i. 2 e2t + e−2t − t2 + t − 3.

1 t 1 4 78
j. e − e−3t − cos 2t − sin 2t.
10 26 65 65
1 1 1
k. e−t + e2t−3 − et−2 . l. sin t.
6 3 2
1 2 −2t 1 1 t
m. (2t − 3t + 1)e + (t − 1). n. te cos t.
4 4 2
o. sin t H(t − π).

1 3 1 3
13. a. y(t) = e−t − e−2t − + t + H(t − 2)
4 4 2 2
− (t − 2)H(t − 2) − 2e−(t−2) H(t − 2)
1
+ e−2(t−2) H(t − 2).
2
 
1 1 −4t 1 3t
b. y(t) = 4 − + e + e
12 28 21
 
1 1 −4(t−2) 1
−4 − + e + e3(t−2) H(t − 2)
12 28 21
 
1 1 −4(t−4) 1 3(t−4)
−4 − + e + e H(t − 4).
2 28 21
 
1 2 1 2 −3(t−3)
c. y(t) = − − e−3t + e−2t + + e − e−2(t−3) H(t − 3).
3 3 3 3
 8

1
1 + t − 9e2t + 21te2t


d. y(t) =
4
 
1 1 2(t−3) 2(t−3)
+ − e + (t − 3)e H(t − 3).
2 2
e. y(t) = sin(t − 2π)H(t − 2π) − cos t.
f. y(t) = 3 cos 2t + 4 sin 2(t − 2π)H(t − 2π).
1
1
g. y(t) = 1 − e−2t − te−2t + (t − 2)e−2(t−2) H(t − 2).
4 2
1 1
h. y(t) = − sin 3t H(t − 3π) + t sin t.
3 3
1 1 1 1
14. a. A = 0, B = , C = 0, D = − . f (t) = t − sin 3t.
9 9 9 27
4 4
b. y(t) = t + cos 3t − sin 3t
9 27
 
4 4
− (t − 1) − sin 3(t − 1) H(t − 1).
9 27

1 5t 1 1
15. a. f (t) = e + e−6t − .
55 66 30
1 1 2
b. y(t) = − + e−6t + e5t
15 33 55
 
1 1 −6(t−4) 2 5(t−4)
+ − e − e H(t − 4)
15 33 55
 
1 1 −6(t−8) 2 5(t−8)
+ − e − e H(t − 8).
15 33 55

16. a. f (t) = 2 et − t − 1 .

1
b. y(t) = 2 cos 2t − sin 2t + sin 2(t − 2) H(t − 2).
2