COMPUTER SCIENCE

12
SUBJECT TEACHER :
RASHAD MAHMOOD
CMA (Managerial) MBA-IT & Business
Cisco Certified Network Administrator
Microsoft Certified System Engineer
Linux Operating System Certified
Comptia Computer Hardware Certified
CHAPTER 8: Getting Started with C

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 Topics

• Program and Programming languages

• Characteristics of High-Level Programming Languages
• Differentiate between Low-Level and High-Level Languages
• Source Code and Object Code
• Language Processors or Translators
• History of C Language
• Advantages or Characteristics of C Language
• Turbo C++
• Create, Edit , Compile and Execute C Program
• Steps to prepare C Program for Execution

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 Topics(Cont.)
• .c and .cpp Extensions
• Process of setting te output and source directories
• Basic Structure of C Program
• Preprocessor Directives
• Header Files
• main Function
• C Statements
• Bug and Debug
• Types of Error ( Syntax errors, Logical Errors and Run-Time Errors
• Unstructured and Structured Programming Languages
• Debugging Features of Turbo C++

Copyright @ Superior College Kharian RASHAD MAHMOOD ( IT SPECIALIZED

 Q4 (Long) How would you create, edit, compile, link and execute a C
program? Discuss briefly.
Creating and Editing a C program
 Process of Writing C program is known as Editing
 This process includes writing, modifying and deleting program statements
 Part of Turbo C++ IDE that is used to write C programs is called Edit Window
 A new edit windows can be opened by selecting File>New option from menu bar
 Edit has a double lined border
 Cursor blinks in the window
 Position of the cursor indicates the starting
point to write a program
 User can expand window by clicking the arrow
in the upper right corner

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 Saving a C program
 Process of storing the program on disk
 A program should be saved on disk to be used repeatedly
 C programs are saved with .C extension
 Procedure to Save a C program Using Turbo C++
 Select File>Save. The Save As dialog box will appear
 Default name NONAME00.CPP appears
 Enter the file name
 Enter the path to save file
 Click OK. The program will be saved at specified location

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 Compile a C program

 Process of converting source program into object program

 Converted program save with .obj extension

 Source program cannot be compiled if it contains any syntax error

 Compiler generates error message to describe the cause of error

 Procedure to Compile C program Using Turbo C++

 Select Compile>Compile

 Program will be translated into object program

 In case of error, compiler will generate error message

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 Linking a C program
 Linking is process of linking library files with object program
 These files are used to perform different tasks such as input/output
 A library file must be linked with the object file before execution
 Linker is a program that combines the object program with additional library files
 Linker generates error message if the library file does not exist
 A new file is created with .exe extension if the process of linking is successful
 The linker can be started in Turbo C++ by selecting Compiler > Link from the menu bar
Executing a C Program
• Execution is the process of running an executable file
• The C program can be executed afer compiling and linking
• The program must be loaded into memory to execute
• In Turbo C++,
• The program can be loaded in the memory by selecting Run > Run from menu bar or pressing
CTRL+F9.
• The screen flickers for some time when a program is executed.
• The output screen displays the output of the program and disappears.
• The user can display the output screen by selecting Window > User Screen or pressing ALT+F5
Copyright @ Superior College Kharian RASHAD MAHMOOD ( IT SPECIALIZED
Copyright @ Superior College Kharian RASHAD MAHMOOD ( IT SPECIALIZED