Faculty: B.C.

Divakara
CSE "A1" Section

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 ( Im )

11.
DC power output 2
at the load(PdcFaculty:
)
I 2
dc XR
B.C.Divakara L I2dcX R L Idc X R L
CSE "A1" Section

12. (Pac ) power I/P 2 2

@ secondary coil Irms X R L IrmsX R I2rms X RL
L

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Explain the working of Halfwave rectifier with C-Filter

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B.C.Divakara
CSE A1 Section

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6- Ecp.lain uhe Pouincip.la Feccd Back Amplikeirs .

Soutien
Beck .

Censidu a quneal ampiti

v
Amplitian| vo Av
Av

supsints pen loop gain

Av
Now dt w add thed Back Netusoik

vAmpiias
VS
Av

Feed Back

Netwok

Jhe ddtten o ead Back Nebuoik Changus th input Voltage

Busput odage also dhu gaim tho ampiliisA .

Ihnalia
u p u t Veltag udBack ampikin
B naukiom o tpu 0sttage ked Back to thu input
A Amplzin Gain with tdBack

wth udßack dnpuct vetage ma chomgs hem Vi to Vt BYo

ths

hamo Considing this 9eltag a s a n input to t h ampliu

We ehtaim utput otage haim x nput Veltagt.
 Vo'-CAv) (Vtn Bvo)
vo A (vin) + Av (Bvo)
Av
Vin -BAV

Av' Av
-BAY

Pol Positive Peed Back Bs eaual to Pesittye J h e

Av' Av
- BAV

. fot Negative FeedBack B is equas do Negative Theuel

Av Av
1+BAV

P we want to suprusent it un teams o daibe 2oloq Av

o Av

i t tho advartaqu and dis aduartags e Neqative PescdBack

Adsantages
.. ncuasid Stallity
|2 nouasid Banduidth.
3. s Amplituds and Hoimonic dissotation .

4.deuasucl NoisA
5. huauany dissoltahion

Oisadvarndages
Coruit s Complax .
Inpe danta may 9ary
|ohat is Feed Back ?
tho
ingesiing
ens tnugu hen
h u dback ia proces
utwn t back ko Dnput
utput and then s Callad as
Iha amplipins
ha which us the udBack Painiple
ampliin
eacd Back amplikinM

Fead Back ampliiur Consists o two parts

*. Jh
a m p i ciauit

Feac Back Cihuit.

umto
anadlasaliid
Depending upen thu eadBack thuy
L Regenmativel
Postive u d Back
ii Negative ed Back DegenativeJ.

thu FeedBack Signal C vøltage oi Gurount)

Posttive FeedBack: j
that d t is uwtth tho tnput
applid n Suh in Pha
dhm it is Callad
Signa) Jhus Lnguaksi, as

Pesittve Ferdlack.

Negativve Peedback th Peadlback g n a l Cvottag e

wU
Curunt) s applisd n Sudh hat t is in euttbPhase
it thun
with ho input iqnalJhu daouass ,

it s Callud as Negaliue PeadBade.

 puk

Ampliiu uith a nigative feed Back gues

is emeuea
12-5v cth an
unpu q sV. when hedBack

uaubus 025v thu Sarr Output

input o
Pind a) a l a 19eltag ain twitheut eedBack
în phase and B Js AMat
b 9alau e B th input ard eusput e

Gtven
Av Open doop an

Av elosed loop gaim

Output vottage witn PeadBock
VoOutput yolkaas usitheut FeadBad

Av 3:5 50V witheut Pead Back

Vo 0 26
vi

Av Vo 13:5 8 33 v wtth Feed Back,

V 5

Av' Av
+BAV

833 50
B(5o
 on Guipu
an arnpiir giues
udBack,
kudf atk
h
rugotiu
u
whun
Tlov with an input ql.5v . Loms outpu
thu
035Vinput Je
Sumeed, it uquirus

Calcuiab p.
arnd udBatk hoian
a)Gauin withou dBack

Vo' LO V
Vtn = 0 25V
Vin 0.5v

Vo loov

Av 0-25
VE

Av' Vo 20
v'
Av' Av
1+BAv

0 ho
+Buo)
ItBlHo)

O)

O 025
 Amplitiu has ouage gauin o 1000 uith Negaiye eedBoce
Jhu
tho udutts do lo . Calcul als h hotion
otag qaim
Cut puu dthat s eed Back o h
input

Solutien
AY 10 Av looo

A' Av
1+BAv
lo looo
IB1ooo)

0-099

ohe Boltage Qoim el ampliln witheut udack and with ngatiut

a do0 amd 2o .Debamine thu huantag

kedBack uspectiwy
Negatiue feudback B.

Av90
Seuution Av l0o

Av'Av
BAV

300
I+ Blioo)

Bs 0-0h
MODULE2
OuesttenM O-A an Ampliltet and.an
cillat
0Ecu
beboeern
h e ompaouisen OSCLLLATORS
AMPTT TERS
*AmplitteS ODtks Loth (EllatoNS LOOKS oith
*posttive feedbock.The mput
Megttve 4eedback.The Imput amd 40edback yoltagel
VatHoge and (eedback voltage. voltage
CSHe dt q phase aNe m phase.
* Blockdiagnam.
*Blockdiagnam
V DC mput
voltage mput

Stgmal Pmplutor Ampli ien

Staral Sigmal
Imput asoubput Output
OsClato9n
T s 0n emeigycYNeSHBLEN Arm 0sclUaton ts a devtce
devtce ohih ge ene kum Lohtch poiaduces am output
the DC touNce Yamd 08TNents it blgmal iotthout any imput
Lnto on Ac enesay at the game lamal of amy desiled inequeny|
4pequemcy a5 thot the mput
619mal.he DC to Ac cerverslons|
15rbviolled. by the put btanal
Questten No.-28 csctlatos.
uhat ts am oscillatos13 gtve the claesthicatton d
Hmd, ltst tts applicatiers. destiad Aeguen
8olution potoduces electical, oecillaions of amy twO HeGctiyo
A ciauit,which
a s 0sciloiOHY
CiMUE-JNis cMUit
CBNStstsVo!
Land C OSte
3 Kmoun snduwcton(L) aMd a
capaiton (C). a
masmely n 4guHe-ThuS BUcH
Clememts
oith each othesl as bhoN
6nrected im paMallel LC CICUüt on
tankICUit
CoiCuit t8 also 'Kmosn as
=C
Classi4tcotten o cEcilato9S
classikied mto MajoHly a tHpe3
The 0scilatons asie
1.Sinusodlal oecillatons
2. Nen-Emusotdal 03cillaton1s

1. Stmusotdal 0ecillotons
TETuned CtCuit osClatots.

ii- RC oscillatons.
ifi 9tyStal 05cillatons potollbe0 9091-:otnbeo
91eststance osilot or be o
TVANegotlye
2.Nen-inusotdal 0SClato13
|Blocking oecilatois

1ieMuuti vtbtatons
i Sootooth on Stoeep gemeiatosts.
0Eaillato9s Hairnenic oecillatons
1.SUnusoidal sume
whth pAovides am output havina
a
The 0sclatons
dol hanmentc 0Blatons.
wavegoum ne called
oSclotots PPHOVÍOe euemctes HoMgmahom
Thee
0t3 o 1g
 .Ner-3MuSoldal OScilloto13| Relacotion oscilatoote -
|he 0scillatons whih pAOVicdee om Output haNna squane,
9tectomale (0) bitamulan uovesnm One Colied menMbmusotdal
(090) 9Heldcation 0aiMatons. TtS piegenmctes namama tuwm
o 20MH
SINUSOLDAL 0SCILATO RS
iTuned. 0ScLlloto13:-hese cHCuit uses a 1uned cinouit
CO1SLStimA qimductance and aparitomce,the1e 09te used. to
gemiatehihh {nequenoy 8tqmal. hus hey ase kmOAN 0S
stadio (queney 0ctlatdus.
oecllato,, clopp 0scillaton.
E- Hotkey
-7hese oectlloto1S UBES HOSIStoNS and.copocito=
-RC 08cllatons loud (o) audio/euem biHnals.
and they 091e used to gemesiate
Audto pteauemey Q0Hz3 td O0KH. oiuotonS.
E-R phobe ohikt,LOem bsudae
oscillatons ase Quattz cystals,
iiECaystal 0sallatorsS:-These
uSed o emesLate highy btibilized butput bigmal.
and Uthey OHe
oitn etlemcies upto 10mH2 eoue0 Jobioep-OM
pience cacillatoru
=-These OSCillatotS use Mezotive
0sclato98
iV Negative -Resistarce the deyice such 03 tumnel
9Hesistbmce chanactestSEiCS Reststomce
Eo Negative
diodes. A tumel diode.oscillotoN Csclatooes
Onmte
|Hpplicatiens 0 0Scillotons
leleceymmunicotiOn and Eect1enics 4ield
oco90ue B1AmaL
gemes1ate sine oavefasuAS 03 a
*Testma the srequemOy Hebp6se
Cemmumicatiorn cmmnels.
tmpliiesS, {ltens,im

Qucstien No
Otote Bastkhausen CHiteUen.
the gam M tieampltien
that 3 the poduct ot
1.Tne LoopP qatm must be ehual to unity-
and the feedback Octoi
BAy1
Ay
(pA9-1)
Fph l behaveas

Ao- Ho 0 The amplytetdevice

O 0Scilloto
shoukd be egual to
0HOund. the Losp
A.The met phase bhift
360 0 O
Prmpligtern

360 lank
QULeStten No.-25 oscallotot oth CCut
&Cploin WOking pUMctple Hotley
didg9am. bmusotdal oscillot0n.
|Hasitley OSctUaton is a tipe of
tunnedl cttcuitony OSilato
t i s ebcomple (0N
Nac

dcRfc-Radto 19equenc
Choke
18d
C

Plank cincuito
360
B
E
3L2
R RE
180

p Prmpli {e

Feedback
Tank cincuitaty

C
Epeiation gnd CostiuCLiOrm
e shows the cötautt of a Hatiey oscilloto
and L2 and d
TS tamk ciait cosists' oL tDo imductons L
apaitoC. autotHamstounet
0, the embination oL L and L aoHks as an
choke (RfC) 1S COYmected.Betuoeer
"CO called, stadio hequency
the aollecton and Vec.
acts tke a lad 4o the collecton and also peUMTES aN eas
tc ac cuoMeMt.
ROD of dc auoemt but blodks ts acCSmplished
the nput and output
The teedback betaeem imbioduces a Ehizt og
phase
autotuamedorneou actHom which
by
186. putput o the
*Tmttolly tfhiene roill be aphate thift q 180 ot the
bamststorlompltetRN COiCUit.
nbiaduoes phoseshikt q 180
a biamatsto0t
Thus, the Output o ciNOit imbHOdiuces tne pho~e bht{t 18o'.
and also the'tomk be 360 at tfhie mput.
totl
he total phaBe bhnft
Therefone,
is posttive.
fence, the 4edback
Feedback facton= l2
19 given by meglect
The hequeroy of 0Bcillatisns
here, L-L tl2 t@m
m-mutl Inductance
TNLC tl2
Cc 0Hms he output couplin apocitot, tt otll block do
and alloos ac.
blacks dlc and
CCb(Blocking mpoactto)Copaciton
allows ac.
Gucstiorm No 6
cpain O09tKing pimciple colpits 05cilatoMS Olth cCuit
dmtom.

R
/C
C
CB A

Ra CE
RE

0Atolap> ilp e Tank ciICuit (

A
B oMto Tp- >olp ank coicuit
HCemivalernt

3L

CONSTRUCTLON=
imstead of a
cecdlonN USCS topped 0opocitame
*Tñe colptts haHtlëy oscilatot.
'imductast uUSed im
tapped (b)
diCuit 13 boot m
The AC eguivalentceY3EIS too Copacttöoe C and Ca and on
The tamk ctnauit
imductosn L.
00mmected im beries and am imducto ts
C and C2 o1e CeLnected sm pONalle.
 allows
KI aNd R 0ste uSed as bias HeSLStOMS, RAc blocks Oc
dc dc and allos
ac.
Hocks
Cc2
ardard CB
Cp 0ste e capacitpS which

OPERATTON tot ts emenatedl wil p1oduce a phate

Ine hamBIston output
shut o 180 to a 1ank cincuit
the output q tametstosi| Aed3s
ns iput [te,
betoeem 'A" o.91.td tap and betioeentop
by 180' appeans
h s otl be agatm phdse thitted
and poimt B. that is to iñe b0se
o he bmput
it 19 Nen bock
*
Fem poimt "B'
banststot (Sttive feedback)
O he the mput and output ie 60
4cedback betoeem
*Thus, tfe
C-G
C+C2
C
C C 21fC
1
OTfC
. Ca
osctllatens tobtost Ao qhieaten than 7s.
Fon AgL Ag>Ca
Ag1B C
C
oscilatost is
thie peuemeyo 08cilaten oits
neole te
Thetefome
fo QTTN LC

C-CIG CE0te im sexies

CtO

So-1
QT L.GG
CitC2
Questier No.-27
zed HO9tley 0Ecilaton, the tank coicuit has
n a bonsStoni belieem ife
Value q inductace
he opaciane of ioopFThe is 304H'ardd ihe volie of mductan
aollecto aml toppiy pout btamsisto't buse is 1xjoH
tapinToUnt and the
betoeen the Neglect the mutuo
Csulatiens.
betemne tie }Aesuercy o
1nductace.
Solutien:- Given C=100Pf=100x1o2F
Ly-30H-20xioH
la=1X10 H, fo-?
L +l2
L 130x168) + (Ixio*)
L 3.001 x1o°H.

Ily (Ltla)c

aTT (3.00IX10 )(100xI

fo QATT(300xIo5 e=

fo 3.44X 1ot
to=2106976.744H
OOCO
fo-2.1xi09Hz )
to-29MHz glagcoc
Uuestter No6
Hattey oScdlotot is designed uoth Li=2wmH,L2=20uH asda
Vatable capacitace.EeteuMUNe Ae ume o Copacitorice. Vakue,
4the piegtevxy ol osctllatton is wIGsct Hotudeem 150 and

2050kHz
Solutien-Given-Li-2MH 2xI0°H fa-150KHz , C2
L-20H 20X10°H, f=2050 KHz, G=2
Let us censtdesi tñe 41e9uency fo1-150KHz

950x10
Ty (2x15+20X15 )C
950X10 1
QTT(2.02XIO) C
=

ATT2 (2.02x16 (950xIO°)2

O0.
T181X10D
C=1.311xI0F
13AIx 10F -1391PF.
C
1
IlLtla) C2
1
2050x10 Q (2x103+20x1076) C
2050x1038
O1T(202x10) C2

Ca
AT2(2-02xI0S) (2050x I03)2
 2
3.3471x10
Ca 2.1861x 1oF
C2 2.98 PF
Question No. 29
Ima Hastley Oscillaton if L -0-1mH, L2-10F ad mutual
nductance Petweem the toils equal t0 204H.Calculate thevalue
4110
Capacttot C the 05ilaoi HMUit o Obain noPpuery o
tatNeloilatiëns.
KHz amialso kond ife Cenitten Jorm-a04H =0X106H
Solutisn- Giveri:-Ly=0-11mH=O1xI0H, fo=411Ohtz-4|10Xl0°Hz,C-E
h= 10F 10X I0OH, ,

L-utlat@m
O(a0x IO5)
L= (0-1XIO) +(10x16®)+
L 1-5x10H eloie.
XGC(ox&0.1)
I10x 103- Ty (5x I0)C

C (1.5x104) (+10X103)P
4T12

C
.

1.0008 xIo"F()1ht
9.992 X100
C-10.01 XI6lF
C-10.01 PF olX0C0
03ctllations
bustntmed
The cenditien {ot
Alg- 10XI0 STA
0-l x I0/
1
Au- 01 =10 Ao-10
Mete Lo<li , 80 \esS Nalue is PAESMt Um Mumesato0
QMestion No.-30
with C=100 pF and C- 500
H COlpits osctlatoi is desiGmed the Hamae o tmducance
PEThe mductance te ya9able.Dettmime
08CldTLUYL to y0sy betbeeh 950KHz
Nalues, i he Megjuemy o
and 205ó KHz"
-G-100PF 10OX I F fo)-950htz, L=?
SokutternGiNen Hz, La-2
G-7500pF= ¥500x I0F fO=2050K
(I00xIla1500 X10) = 1 . 8 6 8 x i 5 F
C-CC .

I 6 a ) + ( 5 0 0 XI015)
GtC2 (100xxLO+(T500XI0
G+2
4 72(100 3.68x 16F
C-98-68pFE
Lat (fo)a.
To 4tmd
Go)1TLC0)o
950x103 TJL(98.68X1O)
ATT2(18.68x16a)(950X103)
2.841xIOtH
512.33
284.4Ix 15H
L234H9 0)(OKe.)
x
To 40md L at (fo)>.
8000.1-olax Cr
050x to --
6050XloNNL18.68XIG)
bormt
(050x10)2 0 9
4TT2(18.68X 15R)

La 6355.21 O 1

L2 6-1425x 5H
L2-61.14XI5H -61.14+ UH
QuEStien No.-31 -0.001F,Ca-0.01 1Fand
osillotom C
Calpitts 0 5 C D t o t and tfie feajueny
Uma biamststou 0
L-5yt.FUnd the HeuLEL 20T
L-5yH-5110'H
09cllatten =0.001x 10°F,
Ag-?,to-?
Ca-0.014F 0-01x16OF
S o l u t i e n : - G I v e n - G = 0 . 0 0 1 1 F

-9.091x
10F
(0.001x10O[0.01x105)
C- CC. (0-01 XIo6)
(0.001xlo0) +
C+C

Ho Ag 0.01xI5OF
0.001 x 166F

So QTLC
OOFliir

fo T 5xI0)(1.091xIo0)
OlX
fo 2361832.182H1z

2.3t x 106Hz
to
fo- 23tMHz

Gesti8nNo.-32. tUnd the

oscilato bhovan m Ataute,
the amststo9t Colpits Oxocc
Fo
eueney Q 0BCiloti813

Shdoc.i
 VCC.

Rfc
ER-1Ko -Vo
C

C0F
3-4404H
C2 1AF
R2-1K
KE CE

Sutten-G=044F - 0IX10OF =4T0 H=44OXIo°H

G=1HF= Ixi5oF,
CGC2 (01X10S)(xio
C+C2 (0-1x1o6)+ (1xl5O)
C-9.01 X1o8F
Cecfsec
jo NLC
f0 QT4H0XI06) (10]x 10 )

fo;TIx 6.5366x 10*

to060 X16
f0- 24360.535 Hz
to-4.36KHz

fo-24.4KHz
 edioto L13 5mH. FUnd Gond. C,t-50p
Um .colitts
Ond o3gume leedhack 40totsp=107.
C ?
L-5mH-5x 10H
f-50KHz-50%10°Hz C2=?
p-10.
1
fo
aT LC
Cen- GC
CHC2

4TTPLC

C Lo
492180000
(3.14)*X5xI0) x(50x103)
4x
C-2.02x I0C=2.021f

Cen-202mf, P-107.
p-10
0 C-O-1C
C
Ce,-D
Cea-Ci (-1C)01CE
(C+0-1C) IC
Cen-0-01C
1o -22-4x1o C22-4mf |
CeC 2.02X
0-01
0-09
Ca-0-1xC 0-1x22:4x10 2-24x1O G-224mF
LETLOYn No-34 9HeseniarMce
25hHz,Capacitance
iS
hootHey ocllaton the sequemey
CiS
0-02yEVand fmd L and 'L2. Guver B-00
Solutien
Givem-f-25 KHz =25x 10 Hz.
B-Q0
CO-024F -0-02x 10bF

OTT LC
4TC
412LC
42.18
L 4(3.14)2 (25x I0)2 (0-02X 15)
L-2.02X I0 H
Leg-2.02MH

GUvenp-Q0).
. -0
00
-0- Lo-0-0L
Leg-yt2
Lea- y+0-04 Leg=124
.1.683x10"H=1-683mH
2.02X0
Le L 2
12
L2=0-2Ly
Lo-0-2(1-683XI0S)
La 0.8366 X|0*H
L2-0.3366mH
Module-5 { CSE-A1 Section}
B.C.Divakara. Dept of ECE ,GAT