Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Probability
Counting Principles

Felix Pagona Asitandile Yanxa Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator Lead Facilitator Senior Facilitator

 TUTORIAL 1
Activity 1
A Banana Airways aeroplane has 6 seats in each row.
1.1 How many possible arrangements are there for 6 people to sit in a row of 6 seats? (2)
1.2 Xoliswa, Anele and 4 other passengers sit in a certain row on a Banana Airways
flight. In how many different ways can these 6 passengers be seated if Xoliswa and
Anele must sit next to each other? (2)
1.3 Mary and 5 other passengers are to be seated in a certain row. If seats are allocated at
random, what is the probability that Mary will sit at the end of the row? (4)
[8]
Activity 2
Four - digit codes (not beginning with 0), are to be constructed from the set of digits:
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0}
2.1 How many four - digit codes can be constructed, if repetition of digits is allowed? (2)
2.2 How many four - digit codes can be constructed, if repetition of digits is not allowed? (2)
2.3 Calculate the probability of randomly constructing a four – digit code which is
divisible by 5 if repetition of digits is allowed. (3)
[7]
Activity 3
The digits 1 to 7 are used to create a four-digit code to enter a locked room.
How many different codes are possible if the digits may not be repeated and the code
must be an even number bigger that 5 000? [5]

Activity 4
A group of 3 South Africans, 2 Australians and 2 Englishmen are staying at the same
hotel while on holiday. Each person has his/her own room and the rooms are next to
each other in a straight corridor. If the rooms are allocated at random, determine the
probability that the 2 Australians will have adjacent rooms and the 2 Englishmen will also
have adjacent rooms. [4]

2
Activity 5
A company uses a coding system to identify its clients.
Each code is made up of two letters and a sequence of digits, for example AD108 or
RR45789.
The letters are chosen from A; D; R; S and U. Letters may be repeated in the code.
The digits 0 to 9 are used, but NO digit may be repeated in the code.
5.1 How many different clients can be identified with a coding system that is made up
of TWO letters and TWO digits? (3)
5.2 Determine the least number of digits that is required for a company to uniquely
identify 700 000 clients using their coding system. (3)
[6]
Activity 6
Consider the letters of the word “DEPENDENT”. Determine, using all letters:
6.1 The number of unique arrangements of the letters that can be formed? (3)
6.2 The number of unique arrangements of letters that can be formed in Activity 6.1
starting with the letter “N”? (3)
6.3 The number of unique arrangements of letters that can be formed in Activity 6.1
starting and ending with the letter “N”? (3)
[9]
TUTORIAL 2
Activity 1
Given the digits: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; ;7; 8 and 9
Calculate how many unique 5 – digit codes can be formed using the digits above, if:
1.1 The digits may be repeated. (2)
1.2 The digits may not be repeated. (2)
1.3 How many unique 3-digit codes can be formed using the above digits, if:
 Digits may be repeated
 The code is greater than 400 but less than 600
 The code is divisible by 5 (3)
[7]

3
Activity 2
The digits 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8 and 9 are used to form 3-digit codes e.g. 567, 2018, etc.
Determine the number of different codes that can be formed:
2.1 If repetition is allowed. (2)
2.2 Such that the code is greater than 500 and repetition is NOT allowed. (2)
2.3 Such that the middle digit is 5 and repetition is allowed. (2)
[6]
Activity 3
Two learners from each grade at a high school (grades 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) are elected to
form a sports committee.
3.1 In how many different ways, can the chairperson and the deputy chairperson of
sports committee be elected if there is no restriction on who may be elected? (2)

3.2 A photographer wants to take a photograph of the sports committee. In how many
different ways can the members be arranged in a straight line if:
3.2.1 Any member may stand in any position? (1)
3.2.2 Members from the same grade must stand next to each other and the Grade 12
members must be in the centre? (3)

[6]
Activity 4
Given the digits: 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 and 9

4.1 Calculate how many unique 5 – digit codes can be formed using the digits above, if:

4.1.1 The digits may be repeated. (2)

4.1.2 The digits may not be repeated. (2)

4.2 How many unique 3-digit codes can be formed using the above digits, if:

 Digits may be repeated

 The code is greater than 400 but less than 600
 The code is divisible by 5 (3)
[7]

4
Activity 5
The digits 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 and 9 are used to form 3-digit codes e.g. 567, 218, etc.
Determine the number of different codes that can be formed:

5.1 If repetition is allowed. (2)

5.2 Such that the code is greater than 500 and repetition is NOT allowed. (2)

5.3 Such that the middle digit is 5 and repetition is allowed. (2)
[6]
Activity 6
Consider the word WINNERS.
6.1 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as different letters?

6.2 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as identical?

6.3 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts and ends
with the same letter?

6.4 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts with W and
ends with the S?

TUTORIAL 3
Activity 1
Consider the word WINNING.

1.1 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as different letters?

1.2 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as identical?

1.3 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts and ends
with the same letter?

1.4 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts with W and
ends with the G?

1.5 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts with the
letter I?

5
Activity 2
Consider the word TECHNOLOGY.

2.1 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as different letters?

2.2 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as identical?

2.3 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts and ends
with the same letter?

2.4 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts with the
letter O?

2.5 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word ends with the
letter N?

Activity 3
Three Mathematics books and five Science books are to be arranged on a shelf.

3.1 In how many ways can these books be arranged if they are treated as separate books?

3.2 In how many ways can these books be arranged if they are treated as identical books?

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 TUTORIAL 4
Activity 1

Consider the letters of the word KNIGHT. If the letters are arranged in any order without
repetition to form different words, what is the probability that the word formed will:

1.1 start with K and end with T?

1.2 start with the letter N?

Activity 2

Consider the letters of the word CLIPBOARD. If the letters are arranged in any order without
repetition to form different words, what is the probability that the word formed will:

2.1 start with C and end with D?

2.2 start with the letter O?

Activity 3

A password is formed using three letters of the alphabet, excluding the letters A, E, I, O and U
and using any three digits, excluding 0. The numbers and letters can be repeated. Calculate the
probability that a password, chosen at random:

3.1 starts with the letter B and ends with the number 4.

3.2 has exactly one B.

3.3 has at least one 4.

Activity 4

Determine the probability of getting a ten-digit cell-phone number if the first digit is even, none
of the first three must be 0 and none of the digits may be repeated.

Activity 5

Consider the letters of the word WINNERS. The repeated letters are identical. If the letters are
arranged in any order without repetition to form different words, what is the probability that the
word formed will:

5.1 start with W and end with S?

5.2 start with the letter N?

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 TUTORIAL 5

Activity 1

Consider the letters of the word WINNING. The repeated letters are identical. If the letters are
arranged in any order without repetition to form different words, what is the probability that the
word formed will:

1.1 start with W and end with G?

1.2 start with the letter N?

Activity 2

Consider the letters of the word MATHEMATICIAN. The repeated letters are identical. If the
letters are arranged in any order without repetition to form different words, what is the
probability that the word formed will:

2.1 start and end with the same letter?

2.2 end with the letter N?

Activity 3

Four Mathematics books, three History books, three Science books and two Biology books are
arranged randomly on a shelf. What is the probability that:

3.1 all books of the same subject land up next to each other?

3.2 just the History books will be together?

Activity 4

Seven boys and six girls are to be seated randomly in a row. What is the probability that:

4.1 the row has a boy at each end?

4.2 the row has boys and girls sitting in alternate positions?

4.3 two particular girls land up sitting next to each other?

4.4 all the girls sit next to each other?

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 TUTORIAL 6
Activity 1
There are 7 different shirts and 4 different pairs of trousers in a cupboard.
The clothes have to be hung on the rail.

1.1 In how many different ways can the clothes be arranged on the rail?

1.2 In how many different ways can the clothes be arranged if all the shirts are to be hung
next to each another and the pairs of trousers are to be hung next to each another on the
rail?

1.3 In how many ways can a pair of trousers hang at the beginning of the rail and a shirt will
hang at the end of the rail?

1.3 What is the probability that a pair of trousers will hang at the beginning of the rail and a
shirt will hang at the end of the rail?

1.5 A chosen shirt and trouser must be hung together. In how many different ways can this be
done?

Activity 2
The digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are used to make 4 digit codes.

2.1 How many unique codes are possible if the digits can be repeated?

2.2 How many unique codes are possible if the digits cannot be repeated?

2.3 In the case where digits may be repeated, how many codes are numbers that are greater
than 2 000 and even?

2.4 In the case where digits may not be repeated, how many codes are numbers that are
greater than 2 000 and divisible by 4?

Activity 3
Consider the word ADVERTISEMENT.

3.1 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the repeated letters are
treated as different letters?

3.2 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the
repeated letters are treated as identical?

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3.3 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts and ends
with the same letter?

3.4 What is the probability that the word starts and ends with the same letter?

3.4.1 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts with the
letter M?

3.5 What is the probability that the word ends with the letter M?

Activity 4
Consider the word CERTAINLY.
4.1 How many nine-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may be repeated?

4.2 How many nine-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may not be repeated?

4.3 How many four-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may be repeated?

4.4 How many four-letter word arrangements can be made if the letters may not be repeated?

4.5 How many word arrangements can be made with this word if the word starts with C and
ends with Y?

4.6 What is the probability that the word starts with C and ends with Y?

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