Group 1

Waltjan Kenneth H. Adiaton

Irene Grace A. Aguila
Maria Theresa S. Aguilos
Ralph Marione C. Arispe
Pitt Lawrence R. Cabarles

Research Title Number 1:

Star Apple Leaves as Alternative Paper

Background of the study:

This study, “Using Star Apple Leaves for Paper,” looks at making paper in an eco-
friendly way by using leaves from the star apple tree, scientifically known as Chrysophyllum
cainito. This tree grows abundantly in the Philippines and has special fibers in its leaves that
could be a good option for making paper that’s kinder to the environment. The goal of the
research is to find out if we can use these leaves to create paper instead of using traditional
sources. We want to explore if star apple leaves, with their strength and durability, can be a
sustainable solution in paper-making, helping us be more eco-friendly.

In this project, the researchers will closely study the star apple leaves to understand what
they’re made of – like how strong they are and what substances are in them, such as cellulose
and lignin. Knowing these details is important to determine if we can make good quality paper
from them. We’ll also try out different ways to take the fibers from the leaves and turn them into
usable paper. We’ll pay attention to both the environment and the cost to make sure using star
apple leaves for paper is a smart and eco-friendly choice. This research wants to show that using
these leaves could be a great way to make paper while fitting in with the global movement for a
greener planet.

Statement of the Problem:

This study aims to use Star Apple Leaves as an Alternative to commercially produced paper to
combat mass deforestation for the creation of paper. It also explores the following questions:

1. What chemical and physical properties does the star apple leaves possess that makes it a
viable candidate in manufacturing alternative paper?

2. What is the quality of the Star Apple Leaves paper in terms of:

 Tensile strength
 Durability
 Water Resistance

3. How comparable is the Star Apple paper and commercially available paper from each
other?

Null Hypotheses
H∅ = There is no significant difference in the chemical and physical properties between Star
Apple leaves and other traditional papermaking materials that would make Star Apple leaves a
viable candidate for manufacturing alternative paper.

H∅ = There is no significant difference in the tensile strength, durability, and water resistance
between paper made from Star Apple leaves and paper made from traditional materials.

Research Title Number 2:

Lanzones skin as Bioplastic Bags

Background of the Study:

Plastics, a ubiquitous material in modern society, pose a significant environmental threat
as they are non-biodegradable, persisting in the environment for hundreds of years. Their
widespread use stems from the convenience and affordability they offer to consumers and
producers alike, given their relatively low production and purchase costs. However, this
convenience comes at a hefty price to the planet, with plastic waste accumulating in oceans,
landfills, and even remote natural areas, causing harm to wildlife and ecosystems. The urgent
need to find sustainable alternatives and reduce plastic pollution has led to studies investigating
plant-based alternatives that mimic the desirable properties of plastics, such as tensile and elastic
strength.

To address the environmental challenges posed by plastics, the researchers are exploring
the used lanzones skins as potential substitutes to determine which ones come closest to
replicating the mechanical properties of plastics. By analyzing these plant-based alternatives,
researchers aim to identify options that balance both tensile strength and elastic strength,
essential characteristics in many applications. This scientific exploration is crucial in the quest
for sustainable materials that can mitigate the detrimental effects of plastic pollution on our
planet, offering a promising avenue towards a more eco-friendly future.

Statement of the Problem:

This research study aims to deduce the efficacy of Lanzones skins as bioplastic bags in order to
create another use for lanzones waste and perhaps an alternative to petroleum-based plastics. It
also explores the following questions:
1. What chemical and physical properties does Lanzones skin possess that make it a
potential material for manufacturing bioplastic bags?

2. What is the quality of Lanzones skin-based bioplastic bags in terms of:

• Tensile strength
• Elastic strength

3. How does the quality and environmental impact of Lanzones skin-based bioplastic bags
compare to traditional petroleum-based plastic bags?

Null Hypotheses
H∅ = There is no significant difference in the chemical and physical properties between
Lamzones skin and petroleum-based materials that would make Lanzones skin as a viable
candidate for manufacturing bioplastic bags.

H∅ = There is no significant difference in the tensile strength, and elastic strength between
bioplastic bags made from Lanzones skins and plastic made from chemicals.

Research Title Number 3:

Kamias (Avherroa Bilimbi) pesticide chalk

Background of the Study:

Keeping kids safe is a top priority. Certain chalks, often marketed as “miraculous
pesticide chalk” or “wonder chalk,” are meant to get rid of bugs in homes. However, these chalks
can be dangerous for children if they touch or eat them. That’s why it’s important to find a safer
chalk alternative that won’t harm kids but can still effectively deal with bugs. The researchers
believe in replacing these harmful chalks with something gentle and safe for children, allowing
them to play and live without worrying about the bugs lurking around.
The idea is to ensure a safe environment for kids where they can be worry-free. By
advocating for a non-toxic chalk alternative, we aim to strike a balance between pest control and
child safety. We want to provide a solution that lets children enjoy their surroundings without the
risks associated with conventional pesticide chalks, making sure their well-being always comes
first.

Statement of the Problem:

This study aims to create a pesticide chalk that does not harm children yet still keeps its property
to kill off bugs using Kamias. It also explores the following problems:
1. How does the application of Kamias (Avherroa Bilimbi)-based pesticide chalk affect the
growth and development of targeted pests, and how does it compare to traditional
pesticide formulations in terms of efficacy and residual effects?

2. What is the quality of the pesticide chalk made from kamias in terms of:

• Effectiveness as a pesticide
• Adherence to surfaces
• Environmental impact
 3. How does the performance and safety of kamias pesticide chalk compare to commercially
available pesticide chalk?

Null Hypothesis
H∅ = There is no significant difference in the growth and development of targeted pests when
treated with Kamias-based pesticide chalk compared to traditional pesticide formulations.
Additionally, there is no statistically significant difference in efficacy and residual effects
between Kamias-based pesticide chalk and traditional pesticide formulations.
H∅ = The pesticide chalk made from kamias does not exhibit a statistically significant difference
in effectiveness, adherence to surfaces, or environmental impact compared to conventional
pesticide chalk.
H∅ = There is no statistically significant difference in the performance and safety of kamias-
based pesticide chalk compared to commercially available pesticide chalk

Research Title Number 4:

Hagonoi leaves as a medicinal substitute for wound treatments

Background of the Study:

Wound healing has been a fundamental concern in healthcare, urging continuous research
to explore natural alternatives for wound treatment. Hagonoi, scientifically known as
Chromolaena odorata, is a widespread plant found in tropical regions. Traditionally, its leaves
have been utilized in folk medicine for various ailments, including wound healing. The
abundance and accessibility of Hagonoi make it a potential cost-effective and readily available
alternative for conventional wound care products. This study aims to investigate the potential
medicinal properties of Hagonoi leaves for wound healing, focusing on its antibacterial, anti-
inflammatory, and tissue regeneration effects. Understanding its efficacy could lead to the
development of a natural, sustainable, and locally sourced wound healing solution, contributing
to affordable healthcare options, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Statement of the Problem:

This research aims to use Hagonoi leaves for wound treatment due to its abundance as opposed
to using modernized wound treatment medications. This also answers the following:
1. What are the antibacterial properties of Hagonoi leaves and how do they affect common
wound pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
 2. How does the application of Hagonoi leaf extract influence the inflammatory response
during wound healing, specifically in terms of reducing inflammation and promoting
tissue repair?

3. What is the comparative effectiveness of Hagonoi leaf-based wound treatments versus

conventional wound care products in terms of wound closure rate, infection prevention,
and overall wound healing in controlled laboratory and clinical settings?

Null Hypotheses
H∅ = There is no significant difference in antibacterial properties between Hagonoi leaf extract
and a placebo solution on common wound pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
H∅ = The application of Hagonoi leaf extract does not have a significant effect on reducing
inflammation and promoting tissue repair in the wound healing process compared to a placebo
treatment.
H∅ = There is no significant difference in wound closure rate, infection prevention, and overall
wound healing between Hagonoi leaf-based wound treatments and conventional wound care
products in controlled laboratory and clinical setting.