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/ 252
from
THE MATHEMATICS TEACHER
INTER-II
ee SC GEMS
From
THE MATHEMATICS TEACHER
INTER -II
Edited by
Sri. V. Seshan
THE
ASSOCATION OF MATHEMATICS
TEACHERS OF INDIA
B-19, Vijay Avenue,
85/37, Venkatarangam Street,
Triplicane, Chennai — 600 005.
Tel: (044)-28441523
E-mail : [email protected] Web site: amtionline.com LA
BETWEEN US
Dear Reader,
The demand for our books based on NMTC questions had
been increasing steadily. Hence it is decided to bring all
the problems and solutions of NMIC every five or ten
years without disturbing the earlier editions. To satisfy the
needs of various age groups they are being brought out in
five different books - Primary, Sub-Junior, Junior, Inter
‘and RMO and INMO.
The Present period covered by these books are from 2004
to 2012. In the case of RMO and INMO it is 2005 to 2013.
We hope and trust the beneficiaries of our service will
continue to encourage us to help aspirants of excellence
in Mathematics Education.
We are grateful to Smt. K._— Maheswari,
Sri G. Gnanasundaram, Dr. M. Palanivasan and
Sri V. Seshan respectively for having gone through the
pages and edited these books in record time,
With best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
ret
(M. MAHADEVAN)
General Secretary, AMTI CONTENTS
1. Year 2004
Screening Test .
Final Test ..
2. Year 2005
Screening Test......
Final Test.......
3. Year 2006
Screening Test .
Final Tes!
4. Year 2007
5. Year 2008
6. Year 2009
7. Year 2010
Screening Test
Final Test
8. Year 2011
Screening Test
Final Test
9. Year 2012
Screening Test...
Final Test RAMANUJAN CONTEST
SCREENING TEST - 2004
1. When 12003 +. 22003 4 32003 + ... + 290370 ja divided by 2004,
then the remainder is
(A) 0° (B)1 (G) 1002 (D)2008
Solution: When in is odd, a” + 8” is divisible by a +b. So,
1208 +. (2004—m)?%08 is divisible by 2004 for n= 1,2,--+ ,1001.
‘Also 1002? is 1002 x 1002 x 1002! = 2004 x 501 x 10027,
Hence it is also divisible by'2004.
«1, Given sum’= (1208 4 29932008) 4. (22008 + 29027003) 4.0.4
(100173 + 100303) +1002 is also divisible by 2004.
Answer: (A)
2. Rach number from 1,2,3,-** ,100(decimal scale) is written in
base 6 and their product is also written in base 6. Then the
number of zeroes at the end of this product is
(A) 24 (B) 48 (Cc) 18 (D)97
Solution: The problem is equivalent to finding m such that
when 100! is divided by 67, the. quotient is not divisible by 6.
This is equivalent to finding-the greatest mi such that 124 is
not divisible by 3. :
Now 81 = 34, 27 = 38, 54=2 38, 9=9?, 18 = 2x 3%, 36 =
2 x37, 45 = 5 x 9,63 = 7x 3, .72 = 2 x 3%, 99 =
2x 5x 34, 99 = 11 x 3? while remaining multiples of 3 liave
only one 3 as factor. The total-number of multiples: of 3 in
05 co
Problems and Solutions
1,2,+++ 100 being 33 the numbers having just one 3 as factor
will be 33 — 11 = 22, Hence total power of 3 in the product
100! will be ;
224-4 (from 81)+2x3(from 27 and 54)+8x2(Grom 9, 18,-+~ 99)
= 24446416 = 48,
Hence the number of zeros at the end of 100! of decimal
expressed in base 6 will be 48. Answer: (B)
. Given that aya2,--- ,a2094 are distinct positive real numbers
then 21+ 224... 4 gum. 4 sans jg
(A) less than 2004 (B) less than 1
(C) greater than 2004 (D) equal to 1
Solution: Let eq = g242,m = 1,2,++- ,2003,
Then 4.09 = Be at
fm
ay tp.t9-+ 9008
Using the property thet A.M> G.M, we get
{21 +22+-+-+ 22003 + ==}
—— SE
2004
> {x10 + 2003-5
1
“taney! =
omtmte om + 22 5 as
i. 21g 2g RD 5 ME apg
a ag 22004 a
Equality can hold only if each term on the left hand side is 1
Je., only if ¢) = aq = --- = azogy. But, we are given that the
feta Stata a et positive real numbers. Hence
at: Banos: 3
ata +p Stto8 ee 7008 > 2004, Answer: (C) Problems and Solutions
4, Two chords of acircle bisect each other. Then
(A) The chords are of equal length but less than the
length of the diameter.
(B) The chords are of unequal length.
(C) The chords should be perpendicular bisectors of each other.
(D) The chords are any two diemeters.
Solution: Let AB,CD be the
chords intersecting at P such that
AP = PB,OP =, PD: As
PG.PD = PA.PB, we get PA? =
PC? or PA = PC. This means YP
AB = CD, i‘e., the chords are of
equal length. ‘The perpendiculars to
AB and CD at their midpoints pass
through the centre of the circle.
Unless P is the centre of the circle this cannct happen. Thus
‘AB and CD are diameters.of the circle, They need not be
mutuelly perpendicular. Thus option (D) is the correct one.
Answer: (D)
5. A man tosses a fair coin till he gets a head. ‘The probability
that he gets head in at most n tosses is
(Ads ®)* (1-3 (D)1-*
Solution: If P(Z) denotes the probability of event E, then
P(Head is got in at most 7 tosses) is equivalent to the sum of
the probabilities for the n mutually exclusive cases of getting
tails in the first r tosses and then head in the (r + 1)th toss,
r=Q1,++,n-1. Problems and Solutions
Thus the required probability
nel -
= yp (getting tails in the first r tosses and then head
70
in the (r + 1)th tosses)
- > LiL $ 1
=e a> Da
eo yh :
Note that P(Head in a toss) = P (Tail in a toss) = } and the
tosses in each case are independent.
«, Required probability = jtpetethé
a2-G@")_, 1
~ G-f
( ) Answer: (D)
11. Kumar never lies except ou ‘Tuesdays. On Tuesdays, he alvays
lies. On how many days of the week can he say “If I did not lie
yesterday then I will lie tomorrow*
(A)1 (B)2 ()3 (D) 4
Solution: If the statement is true Kumar could have spoken
this truth only on Monday. If the statement is false, Kumar
could have lied only on Tuesday. Thus his statement given in
the problem could have been given only on two days,
Answer: (B)
12, The range of function f(¢) =7.r Ag where mP, represents
Permutations of ‘ra’ things taken ‘n’ at a time end where ris
4 non-negative integer is ‘
(A) 0,23,4,5} (8) (1,234) (GQ, 2} (D) {1,2,3) Problems and Solutions g
Solution: For f(r) =y-1 Prs to be defined, 7—r > 17-3
orr <5, Also r—3 > 0 implies r > 3, Thus domain of the
function f is {3,4,5} and range of f is {F(3),f(4), f(5)} i.e,
{4Po, 8P,,2Pa} ive, {1,3, 2} Answer: (D)
18: The roots of 642° ~ 1442? + 92¢ — 15 = O-are in A.P. Then
the difference between the lergest and the smallest is
Aa (8) 4 5 @y
Solution: As the roots.are in‘A.P., take them as a—d, o and
o+d, Then ;
Sum of the roots =3a = Yt = 3 or + §.
Product. of.the roots=a(a?— d®) = 2B...
Asa=3; f= §- R= gad. wae th.
“The difference’ between the largest and the smaliést of the roots
Ko+d = (eal = 2a] = 2] #3} = 1. Answer: (D)
14, In the’ following figure, if
“AD=DC =z and BO=y
then AB =?
(A)a+y (B) yt Ss
(©) 2y (D) 22 .
Solution: From isosceles triangles ABC and ADC we
Reve mZABC = mZAGB = 80° and mZDAC =
mZDGA -= 40°, " Therefore, mZBAD = 60° and
mZBCD = 120° Let AB =z. .Then AC’ = z.
Using cosine formule, BD? can be got from AABD arid
ABCD, ‘Eqiating these two’ values of BD?, we have Problems and Solutions
10
22422 2z¢cos60? = 2?+y?— 2zycos 120°
i 2492 1 rer) 1
ie, 2+ tas = oy’ —2y, >)
(F-y)-a(y+2) = Oor(z-y—a)(yt+2)=0
Asy+2¢0, 2=2+y, Answer: (A)
15. ABCD is a tetrahedron. The number of planes from which
the distances to A, B,C, D are equal is
(A)o (B) 5 (c)4 (D)3
Solution: Let ABCD be the tetrahedron and E and F be
the midpoints of BD and DG respectively. Then every plane
intersecting the plane BDC along EF will be at the same
distance, say p, from B,D and C. Of these one plane alone
will be at distance p from A also, Thus for every face of
tetrahedron ABCD there is one plane satisfying the conditions
of the problem. As there are four faces for the tetrahedron,
there are four such planes. Answer:. (C)
16. The three last digits of 7°? are
(A) 263 (B) 148 (C) 343 (D) 523
Solution: The last three digits are given by the number got
when 79°99 is expressed congruent modulo 1000.
Now 74 = 2401 = 401(mod 1000), 78 = 801(mod1000), 7"? =
201(mod1000), 7 = 601(mod1000) and 7° = 001(modi000).
This implies that 7°" = 1(mod1000) for any integer n > 0.
Let 79% = x(mod 1000). Then
7710000 = (72)500 — 7—(mod 1000). Problems and Solutions 11
‘This implies that'7s = 1(mod'1000)as 7°° = 1(mod 1000)
143 x 7a" 143(motl 1000)
or 10012 = 143(mod 1000).
or 1000z + x = 143(mod 1000)
ie,, ¢ =143(mod1000)' oo
~. Last three digits of 79° are 143. Answer: (B)
17. Each of.the faces of a cube is coloured by a different colour.
How:many of.ttie colourings are distinct?
(A) 6 (B) 30 - (C18 (D) 24
Solution; Let'the different colours he denoted by A, B, C;DE
and F, If A and B are painted on adjacent faces, then the
remaining four colours can be painted om the remaining: four
faces in 4! = 24 ways. If A and.Biare painted:on two. opposite
faces and considering C as painted on an adjacent face to them,
the remaining three faces ¢an be painted in’3! +'6 ways, Thus
the,total ‘ntimber of distinct’ colourings will be 24 4 6'= 90:
Answer: (B)
16. "Which of:the follawing is @ continuous fubction { eatisfyitg
3f(2e-+-4)= f(a) + 52?
(A) f(z) = ant 8 (BY f(z)=o+1
(C) fz) =2~$ ©) f@)s2t+4
Solution: Given $f(2¢ +1) = f(z) + 5a.
When = = 0,(3f(1)- (0). We now form. the following table: 12 Problems and Solutions
(A) f(e) = 2n+5 5 7
(B) f(@@)aa+l uf 2
(©) f@)=2-$ -¥) -3
(0) f@=2+} ;
So, option (C) gives correct f. Ansier: (C)
Is 3f(1) = f(0)?
‘No
19. A,B,C,M are four points on
a circle such that: ABC forms an
equilateral triangle and M lies on
the arc BC as in the figure. Which c
of the following holds good?
(A) |MA| +|MB| + |MC| = 2|AB| f
(B) |MA| = |MB| +c}
(C) [MA[? = |MBI? + [Mo
(D) [MA/?-+ |MB/? + |MC/? = Area of AABC
Solution: Join B,M and C,M. Then
being angles in the same segment,
mZAMB: = mZACB = 60° and
mZAMC = mZABO = 60°.
Using cosine formula
AB? = AM? + BM? —2AM - BM cos 60°
and AC? = AM? + CM?
—2AM «CM cos 60°
Subtracting the second equation above from the first, since
AB = AC and vos 60° = 4, we get
BM*- CM? = AM .(BM — om)
1c (BM ~ OM)(BM + CM) = AM «(BM ~C™M).
Either BM = CM ot BM+CM = AM. When BM =CM,
M is the midpoint of the arc BMC and as A is the midpoint of
the arc BAC, we have AM as the diameter of the circle. From Problems and Solutions 13
right angled AABM, BM = AMsin30° = 4¥, Similarly from
right angled AAMC, CM = 4}¢, Hence AM = BM + OM.
Thus in any case AM = BM +.0M. Answer: (B)
20. The positive riumbers « and y satisfy zy = 1. The mininum
value of Jy + gir is
(a4 8 (1 ©)
Solution: sees} or 2 =}, we have
a
= =(?-4)t121
atqanwt gre ae) +121.
Hence the inininium value required is 1 and is got when y? = gi
or yt =}. Then 24 =2, Answer: (C)
21. A cubie polynomial P is such that P(1) = 1, P(2) = 2,
P(8) = 3 and P(4) =5. The value of P(6) is
(Az (B) 10 (©)13 (D) 16
For Solution , see page: 245
22. In AABC, the altitude from A to BC meets BC at D and
the altitude from B to GA meets AD at H. If AD = 4,BD =
3,CD =2 then the length of HD is
(a) 8 (8) § (©) v5 )§
Solution: Let BH produced meet AC in E
From cycle quadrilateral DCEH,
tan BHD = tanDGA
ie, 22 4? 1,8. = 4
‘1 ED DO’ “HD ~ 2
* HD=}. Answer: (B) 4 Problems and Solutions
23. A fair coin is tossed 10,000 times." The probability pot
obtaining at least 3 heads in a row éatisfies’
(A\O.0.
OSps Answer: (A)
24, The number of different Positive. integer triplets (a4)
satisfying the equations 2? + y~ z= 100 and x+y —g-— 194
is
(A) 0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)3
Solution: From the two given equations, on subtraction, we
get
y-stte-yam Problems and Solutions 15
or
(y—2)(y+e—1) = 24.
As ,y,z are positive integers, z+ y—1> 1
y-zc>Oory>ar..: &
Since yt x and y— a are of the same.parity (i, either, both
odd.or both.even) y+.2 —1 andy —« are of opposite parity.
Also (y-+2—1)- (y—2) = 22-1 > 0. Hence y+ 2-1 > y—2
Considering the factors of 24 two cases are possible:
@yts 8, y- r= Sor
(i) yt o—-1= 4, yoo =
Case (i) gives z = 3 and y = 6. These values of 2 and y
substituted in the given equations give'two different negative
values for z..Hence.case(#), is not admissible.
€asex(ti). gives'e.= 1jg>=43- Then from both. the given
equations we get 2'+ 57. Thus there is a unique solution.
Answer: (B)
Noteryta —1= 1g+e=2andy+o-1=6y-c=4
ate inadmissible cases as in these cases y +z —1 and y—z are
both of the same-parity: i
25, If o(n) denotes the number of positive integers less than n
and prime to n and"A'= {n|p(n) = 17} then the number of
elements. in“A.isi
(A) hifinit (B) 16 (C) 47 (D):zero
Solution: For any integer NV, $(1V) is always even. Hence, the
set A is empty. 5 Answer: (D)
Note: If N =p? for some-prime p,.then the numbers which are
nub.coprimme ton” are p,2p,3py: + :p"—!.p and, these account for
.P°-1 pumbers. ‘Lhe remaining numbers in the set {1,2,-+- ,p"}
will.be Jess than p” and, prime to, if. ‘These p" — p*-! numbers 16 Problems and Solutions
must be therefore the number of riumbers in #(p").
e") =p" — pt =p D.
As p— 1 is always even, ¢(p”) is even.
If N has the prime factorization p{'p}?--“pf*, then $(N) =
GOT" OPP) --- (Pf) and as each $(p*) is even, the product
is also éven. Answer:(A)
2§. For what’ values off is an n-digit number uniquely determined
from-the sim and product of its digits?
(A) 1 (B) 2 @)3 (D) 4
Solution: For any n digited nuniber for all permutations of
the digits the sum of the digits-and the product of the digits
will remain the same. Hence the number cannot be uniquely
determined unless n = 1. When n = 1, trivially, the number
coincides with both product and sum. Answer: (A)
27. The number of polynomials P(x) satisfying the equation
P(e?) + 2a? + 10a = 22P(z +1) +3 is
(A)2 “(B)1 (C)3 {D) infinite
Solution: Let P(x) be @ polynomial of degree n. Then the
left hand side is of degree 2n in x while the right hand side
is of degree (n+ 1). This means that n = 1, Let us take
‘P(a) = oz +6, Then
ag? +b +207 + 1c = 2zla(x+1)+0)4+3
ie, (a+ 2)x? + 102 +0 = Qaz? +/2(a+ Be +3
This implies a = 2.and b = 3; Hence: P(z) is the polynomial
2x +3 and is of the firs degree. P(a).= 22 +3 is the unique
polynomial satisfying the given identi Answer: (B) Problems and Solutions a7
28. Let 2 be. a positive integer. Then the number of common
factors of n? + 3n+1 and n?+4n+3 is
(A). (e+) (B) n-1 (C)2 (D).1
Solution: Tow positive integers p and q will have a common factor
other'than one, only when, |p— 9| is 4 divisor of both p and g.
Now, (ni? +4n+3) = (n?+3n+1) = n-+2 and itis not @ factor
of # +4n $3 = (n+1)(nt 3) of n?+3n+1= (n+ 1P +n,
Heneé the common factor of n? + 4n'4 3 and n? + 3n+1 is
just 1, "Answer: (D)
20. If f(n +1) ="f(n) +n for all n> 0 or f(0) =1 then f(200)
* equals .
(A), 21100 (B) 21000 (C) 20900 (D)19901
Solution: As f(n+1) = f(n) +n, we get f(n+1)-f(n) =n.
. Putting n = 0,1,2)-+- 199 in this equation successively
And adding the two hundred resultant equations, we get after
cancellations 7
(200) — f(0) =O+14+++.+199 =
199 x 2
$05 700 = 10900.
“When f(0)= 1, f(200) = 19901.
“30, The rays PX and PY cut off arc AB and CD of a circle with
radius 4. If the length of arc CD is 2 times the length of the
arc AB and length of CD is 4, then the angle APB is
(A) 9° (B) 10° (c) 12° (D) 18° 18 Problems and Solutions
Solution: Let O be the
centre of the circle. Then
OA = OB = OC = OD =4, . iy
Length of the arc CD
4 implies that ZCOD = §.
As arc AB = } arc. CD =,
2, LAOB = $.
Let ZPAB =° 9: Then
ZPDE = 8 (since ACDB is
a. cyclic quadrilateral)
From isosceles triangle OBD, ZOBD = ZODB.
an
Now Zope = 6-2 25 LODE = 3(n~ 4)
and ZOBD = ZABD-i(n~*)
i
= 9+ ZAPB- 3.
; o~ = 0+ APB oe
or LAPB = wag 1
ad
RAMANUJAN CONTEST
FINAL TEST - 2004
Find, all integers n > 1 such thet 2749 is en integer.
Solution: We may write
+3 __ In-3
mT tT
So, Aad} is an integor if and only if Zee is an integer. Now
Bet < G< 11 ifn> 7. Tabulating the values of 473 for
ae, 2 ve <6 we get that for'n = 2and n= 5 only & met 3 is an
integer being equal to 1, Thus 243 is the integer.2~ 1. =lor
~1=4 when n= 2 or n=5 respectively.
A point is chosen on each side of a unit square. The four points
form the sides of a quadrilateral with sides of lengths a,b, c,d.
Show that
2s04 P44 Sd
Wi.
Assume that A,B and J" are fixed and C, D are variable points,
50 that the length of the segment C.D remains constant, Points
X and ¥ are on the rays AC and BG respectively such that
AX = AD end BY = BD. Prove that the distance between X
and Y remains constant.
Solution: We are given the quadrilateral ABCD is cyclic
and therefore ZDAC = ZDBC = @, say. Then, ZDAX =
ZDBY = 6. Comparing AADX and ABDY, we see-that the
two triangles are similar since it is given that AD = AX, BD =
BY. So,
AD _ BD
DX DY
ZADB = ZADX — LBDX = ZBDY — ZBDX = ZXDY.
Therefore, ADAB|||ADXY. This gives
and ZADX = ZBDY
DA _ AB
Dx * X¥° : @
From the isosceles ADAX we get
10!
DX =2ADsin 3 (2) 22 Problems and Solutions
‘As GD is of constant length, we see that 6 is a constant angle,
From equations (1) and (2) we get
XY = 2aBsin$ = constant
. Y
4. In the adjoining figure, OB is the perpendicular bisector of
DE. Ais a point on OB; AF is perpendicular to OB and
EF intersects OB at C. Show that OC is the harmonic mean
between OA and OB. ic,
2-0A-0B
oc=
OA+0B
E
0. A B *
Problems and Solutions 23
Solution: It is clear that AAFC is similar to ABEC.
‘Therefore :
BE _ BC
— =. 1
AF ~ AG a
Again AAOF is similar to ABOD. So, ‘
DE _OB (2)
FA OA
From equations (1) and (2) we get
BC _OB
AG ~ OA
OB-00 _OB
oe OG- 0A ~ OA
Therefore OA(OB- OC) = OB(OC - OA)
or OC(OA+ OB) = 20A.0B
2.0A.0B
Therefore oc= OAtOB’
. Find all integral values of 2, y, z,w given that cl + y] = 273”
Solution: If z,y 2 5, then-5|z!+ yl. But § does not divide
27.3", Therefore x,y < 4. By. actually verifying for all the
pairs.(x,y) € {1,2,3, 4} x {1,2,3, 4} we see that the solutions
for the ordered quadruple (2, y, 2, 1) ate
(0,0,1,0) (1,0,0,0) (0,1,0,0) (1,1,1,0) (1,2,0,1)
(2,0,0,1) (@,2,0,1) (2,1,0,1) (2,2,2,0) (2,3,3,0)
(8,0,1,2) (0,311) (8,2)8,0) (818,21) (4,4/4,1)
. A convex polygon of nine vertices Fh, Pi, Pay+-> , Py is given
along with six diagonals as shown in the diagram. We see that
7 triangles. PoP Ps, PoPsPs, PoPsPr, PoPrPa, PiPoPs, PyPaPs
and P4PsPs are created. These triangles are to be numbered 24 Problems and Solutions
A1,A9, As,+++ Ar 80 that P; is a vertex-of Aj. In how many
ways can this be done? Justify your answer.
Pi
Py
Po
Pe
Py
Pp, Ps
Solution: Ps Pa
S.No | Triangle | PossibleA;s | Remark
1 | PPPs | Ar,Aa | from 2 Ag eliminated
2 | PoPPo| As,Ag _| from 3 Ag eliminated
3 | PoP6Pr | Ae,Ar _| from 4 Ay is eliminated
4 | AP Ar only possibility
5 | PAPPs | A1,A2,As | from 1 Ag is the only possibility
6 | PaPaPs | As,Aa,As | from 1,2,3,4 Ay is the only
Possibility .
T_| PePsPs | ards Ae | from 3,6 As is the only possibility
Thus there is only one choice.
Ai is APLPLPs, Ao is APLP:Ps, Ag is APLPsPs, Aq is
AP: PaPs, As is AP4P5P5, Ag is AP PsPr, and Az is APyP;Ps-
7. Let f(e) be a linear function euch that f(0) = -5 and
£(f(0)) = -15. Find all values of m for which the solutions of Problems and Solutions 25
the inequality
f(a)f(m- 2) >0
from. an interval of length 2.
Solution: Let f(z) = ax+b. Since it is given that f(0) = ~5,
we see that b= —5. Also f(f(0)) = —15 gives f(—5) = —15 or
~5a+b=—15. So, ba = b+15 = 5 +15 = 10. ie, o = 2.
Thus f(c) = 2-5.
Let {| f(x) f(m — 2) > 0} = A. We want to find the values of
m stich that A is an interval of length 2. We have
i{2)f(m—2) > 0
<=> (22—5)(22 + 2m+5) <0 *
5 Im—-5 am-5 5
= ze (5, 2 ) ose (E85).
"Therefore, length of the interval A = 2 if and only if
2 2
if i
Solving the above equation we get m = 3 or m = 7.
8. In how many ways can you seléct two disjoint subsets from a
set having n elements?
Solution: Let X be a set having n elements, With every
ordered pair of disjoint subsets (A, B) of X we denote a function
fan from X to the three element set {0, 1, 2} as follows:
1, ifzeA
fas(@@)=4 0, ifseB
2, if otherwise. 26 Problems and Solutions
This association is in fact a one-one correspondence. So the
number of ordered pair of disjoint subsets of X is equal to
the number of functions from {0, 1,2} to X, which is equal to
3". One choice for (A, B) is (0,0). Therefore, the number of
unordered pairs is 1 +1, On the other hand if selecting two
disjoint subsets of X means selecting two disjoint non-empty
subsets, then we have to remove the cases when A or B is
empty. The unordered such pairs are 2" in number. Therefore,
for disjoint non-empty subsets we have 3°=1419n — S19"
5, 2
as our required number of selections, RAMANUJAN CONTEST
SCREENING TEST - 2005
1, The sum of digits of every possible 8 digit number is noted.
Which sum occurs most: often?
(A) Both 27,28 _(B) 41. (G) 32 ~— (D) Both 36,37
Solution: 1,00,00,000 and 9,99,99,999 are the first and
Jast 8 digit number possible. Their sum of digits are 1 and 72
Tespectively. i.e. All other 8 digit numbers have the sum of
their digits lying between 1 and. 72.
We seek the most occurring number between 1 and 72. Since
there are an even number.of (72) sums possible, its median aré
the 2 middle most values which are 36 and 37.
The distribution of the sums will.be symmetric and hence
median and mode will coincide. The most occurring sum will
be, therefore, both 36, 37.
1,2,-+» ,35,96,37,38,-+,72, Answer! (D)
35 Nos, 35 Noe,
2. 278-1 is exactly divisible by two numbers between 120 and
130: The sum of these two numbers is
(A) 255 (B) 256 (©) 287 (D) 248
Solution:
Factorising, 2-1 = (2-12 41)
4
(27 —1)(27 + 1)(2!4 4.2)
(128 — 1)(128 + 1)(2'4 +1)
= 127 x 129 x (2441)
ke, (2% — 1) is divisible by both 127 and. 129 .which lie
between 120 and 130. ‘Their sum is 256, Answer: (B)
a
1 28 Problems and Solutions
3
3. & isa rational number satisfying (L—2)(L+e+2" +28 +24) =
GY. Then l+zta?+oh+et+e% is
(4) # ® # @ ©) %
Solution:
3
(l-a)\Qlta+e2 423424) 33
2 orz=
1-2 _1-()% _ 6, _
Toe ep
1
2
gle
"alr
v lteter? +e3 pat p ed =
Answer: (D).
4. Ifa tang +btany+ctanz = 1, then the minimum value of
tan? x + tan? y+tan?z is
(A) +042 (B) aokee (C) ab+be+ca (D) seitete:
Solution: This is a problem of constrained minimisation using
Lagrange’s multiplier method.
Let f = (tan?2+tan?y+tan?z)+A(atenz-+btany-+etanz).
For maximum (or) minimum $f =0=%o wt,
os GL = 2tanesinat Aasin? © = 0or sin? 2(2tanz4-2a) =
ie, A= MAE. Similarly \ = —248; and A= — Aung |
Multiplying these values of 4 by a2, 62
we get
A(a? + 0 + 6?)
aoe mine _ cBtany — ~2tanz
a+ a aeons
and c? and adding,
= —2(atanz + btany + ctanz) =—2,
wk
¥ = a eo b
“Mme = Serpe any = Se and Problems and Solutions 29
¢
tone = Spey ae” Hence
feteoh oe Pet
an c= Tees rere) APO
Answer: (B)
5. In the adjoining figure P,M,Q,R
are collinear and PM = MQ =
MS, SR? = PR-QR. Then
(A) ZQSR= ZMSP
{B) ZQSR= 2MSQ
(C) 2QSM = 2PSM
(D) ZSQR= ZSMP
Solution: The given condition is
SR? = PR-QR.
M is the circumcentre of APQS Pp
and ZPSQ = 90°.
As SR? = PR.QR,RS is the
tangent to the circle at S.
+ ZQSR = alternate AMPS = ZMSP (MS = MP).
: : Answer: (A)
6. Two integers are declared equivalent if both are divisible by
the same set of prime numbers, The number of non-equivalent
positive integers less than 25 is
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 16 (D) 17
Solution: 4,8,16 are equivalent (p = 2 is the common
divisor) :
9,12,18,24 are equivalent (p =3 is the common divisor)
20,25 are equivalent (p= 5 is the common divisor).
., Number of non-equivalent positive integers less than 25
= 25— (8 +442) =16. Answer: (C) 30
Problems and Solutions
If 2710 =0, then (r+ 1)(r +2)(r +4) is
(A) integral
(B) positive and irrational
(C) negative and irrational (D) non real
Solution: r?—r—10=0 implies r = 2¥2 is irrational.
(r+ I(r +2)(r4+4)
‘This is irrational and positive for both signs.
1
a
pT? + Mr +8
(7? =r —10)(r + 8) + 327 +88
0+88 +32r
erate 8)
(104 + 16/41)
Answer: (B)
4h If 0° <2 < 90° and cosa = hy then logyg sinz+logyo cos z+
Jogi tanz is equal to
Oe Bs
Solution:
(C)1 (D) -1
logio sine + logjg cos @ + logig tan
= logio(sinzcosz- tan x)
= logo sin? x = logya(1 — cos? 2)
9
= hogio(l ~ 5
= —logyg 10
= -1
1
= loga( 35)
Answer: (D)
Given that f is o function from R to R such that
S(a +b) = f(ab) for all a,b and #(})=} find f (2005)
(A) 2005
(B)
Solution: f(z)= f(t +0) = f(@ x 0) = F(0).
() 4 — (D) arabags
= constant.
But f(}) = }ygiven. Hence this constant = }. Problems and Solutions 31
Thus f(z) = 4 for all x ond iu particulur, f(2005) = }.
Answer: (0).
10. A triangle has sides of lengths 6, 8 and 10. Find the distance
“between its incentre and circumcentre .
(A) vio (B) 25 () v2 (D) v5
Solution: Since 6? +8? = 102, ©
the given triangle ABC is a right .
angled one as shown in the figure. 6 43)
The circumcentre $' is the midpoint
of the hypotenuse BC’ and réferred
to AB, AC as axes of coordinates it a b
is (4,3). 8
As in-radius r= 4 = } x6 x 8/}(6+8+10) =2, the in-centre
I is the point (r,r) = (2,2).
s1S = (E- IF OF = VB. Answer: (D)
11. The largest integer ‘n? which makes (“#4 also an integer is
(A) greater than 470 (B) leas thai 460
(C) 21 . (D) greater than 460 but less than 470
Solution: Perform actual division to get
(n+tP 484
nay 7 (21) +
The greatest integer value of n, so that 484 is divisible: by
(n +28) is 461. Then R.H.S will be an integer, ‘This the
largest number 461 lies between 460 and 470. Answer: (D)
Note: When n =.461, (n +.1)? = 462? and
n— 21+ AS = 461 —21+1= 441,
Qlearly. 441 x 484 = (462)?, 32 Problems and Solutions
12. If 2? +2+1= 0 , then
2 2
1\? LV? (4h) 44(e7 4b) i
(=+2) +(#+3) +(2 +3 +2" + 7) is
(A) 27 (B) 54 {C) 108 (D) 36
Solution:
a
Now =
14 yi=4_ -14 ivd
: =m.
cos( 2) 2 énin( a) = cos isin,
say with 0 = z By De Moivre’s Theorem,
” = cosnd tisinnd
a
1 Tet
sq = wosnd Fisinnd.
8
a+ dD = 2cosné and (2” + a = 4.c0s7 nd.
But
cos § = 608 4 = co 70 = --- = cos 259 = cos 120° = —2.
0828 = cos 50 = cos8d = +++ = 008260 = cos 240° = —5
cos 38 = cos 68 = cos 99 =
= cos 270 = cos 360° =
.*. The given expression
= 9(2.c088)? + 9(2.cos 20)? + 9(2 cos 30)?
1 1
= {-2 x 5)? +9(—2 x 5)? 49 x 2? = 54,
Answer: (B) Problems and Solutions 33
Note: Even when 2?—2+1=0,since «= 144 we will
have @ = , and we can argue as above and show that the
given expression is 54.
In this case
1
020 = 3, cos20 = -5, cos 38 = —1, cos 49 = — 1, co850 = 5
and cos 60 =1;---
Given expression
9(2.c0s 8) + 9(2.co8 20)? + 5(2.008 98)” + 4(2cos 69)?
0x (2% 298 + 9(8 x (—B))? + (2 > (1)? + 402 x?
= 94945xK444x4=54
i]
13. If a, 30, 5a, 6, 6+3, b+5 are all roote of a fourth degree
polynomial equation-where 0 < a < }, then the number of
possible values of a is
(a)o (B)A (©) 2 (D)3
Solution: 6,5+3 and b+5 are all distinct and positive.
Therefore there can be only one more root ‘a’< 6. ‘Then
Bo = b+3 and Sa =b+5 ora—-1=$ anda-1=$
which is not possible. So possible number of values of a is
zer0. Answer: (A)
14. A triangle (non degenerate) bas integral sides and perimeter
8. Ifits area is A then A is
(A) less than 2 (B) greater than 2 but less than 3
(C) greater than 3 but less than 4 (D) none of these
Solution: The set of integer triples whose sum is 8 is
{(1, 1,6), (12,8), (1,3,4), (2, 2, 4), (2,3,3)] .
The set (2,3,3) alone gives a non-degenerate triangle. Then
2g = perimeter of the triangle = 2+3+3 = 8 and A=Arenof BA Problems and Solutions
this triangle = /ale=ay@— 6) = VAA)G)A) = 2V2.
Answer: (B)
As 2<2V2<3,2 } implies n > 24% = 6684 ie, n> 669
aes < implies n < 295 = 1002} or n < 1002.
Combining 669 6, the answer to our question
is (-U-2) | We prove our claim by induction on n. We
assume that the result is true for [X| 6, we have 14 3(n—3) < G@=N@-2) We
have to check whether 2(3n —8) < (n~1)(n—2). Equivalently
we have to check if n?-9n+18 = (n—3)(n—6) >0. This
is clearly true for n > 6. So, in the case when each of the set
in ¥ contains two elements of {1,2,3}, we are through. Let
now assume that there is a set in § which contains exactly one
element from 1,2,3. We may assume that this set is {1,4,5} .
If all the sets in F contain 1, then |g] < =") and we
are through again. Suppose now that there is one set in [|
not containing 1. But this set has to intersect {1,2,3} and
{1,4,5} and we may assume that it contains 2,4. We may take
this set to be {2,4,6}. By induction hypothesis the number
of sets in |$| not cqntaining 7 is at most =2K""8) since
(rciyfaca) _ (n-ain-9) 2, If there are n—2 or less sets
in |G| that do not contain 7, then we are through again!. So Problems and Solutions
we assume that 7 belongs to at least n—1 sets in F. Bach of
such sets must contain one of 1,2,3. If such a set contains 1,
then it has to be {1,2,7} or {1,4;7} or {1,6,7}.
If such a set contains 3, then it has to be {3,4,7}.
This gives only six possible sets containing 7. So if n > 7
we cannot have n—1 sets in § containing 7 and we are
through. It only remains to discuss the case when n = 7.
In this case we compute the sets in $ that contain 6. We have
now, the sets {1,2,3},{1,4,5}, {2,4,6},{1,2, 7}, (1,4,7},
{1,6,7},{2,4,7}, {2,5,7}, and {3,4,7} in §. Weare looking
for sets in ¥ that contain 6 ad that intersect each of the above
listed sets in $. They have to be {1,6,7} or {2,4,6}. Ifa
set in ¥ contains 3 and 6 then it cannot overlap all the three
sets {1,4,5}, {1,2,7},{2,5,7}. This means that the number
of sets in F that contain 6 is less than n—2. Hence we
are through by sets in $ that contain 6 is less than n—2.
Hence we are through by induction. When n = 2005, the
largest number of mutually disjoint 3-element subsets of X is
2004x2903 — 2007006 .
. An infinite sheet.of paper is divided into unit squares by two
families of parallel lines, which are mutually perpendicular.
Some unit squares are coloured red so that every 2x 3 and
3x 2 rectangle contains exactly two red squares. How many
red squares are there in a 9 x 11 rectangle?
Solution:
XX | XX
XX | XX | XX
RR [Xx
‘We claim that two red squares cannot share a common side.
This is because, if they do s0, then look at the table above.
Here row 2 and row 3 form a 2x 3 rectangle K and becawse
of the given condition the squared marked XX in K are not Problems and Solutions 49
red. Again consider the 3.x 2 rectangle L formed by column
1 and column 2; the squares marked XX in L cannot be red.
Now if we look at the 2x3 rectangle P formed by row 1 and
row 2, we see that at best it can have one red square, violating
the given condition. Thus no two red squares share & common
side.
R
It is now clear that, for a red square, exactly one of the two
diagonally adjacent squares marked XX must be a red square.
It is also clear that all squares on that di: al are red and that
tbe other red squares are those on every third parallel diagonal
ine.
Rm | xxpux] m | xx] xx] R [xx[ xx] Bl xx
xx{ R | xx[ xx] R |[xx[xx|R | xx] xx[ R |
xx | xx | R | xx | xx B {xx xx | R [xx | xx
Rm | xx|xx[ Rr [xx| xx] pr [xx[xx| re [xx
xx [xx [xx] pr | xx | xx xx [xx] Rk
xx [xx [x [xx [xx] pf xx] xx] rR [xx [xx
+
R | xx | XX/ R |XX | XX| R | XX| XX] R | Xx
— +
xx} x | xx{xx| R | xx} xx] R | xx] xx] R
xx | xx{ R [xx [xx] e [xx [xx] a [xx px
We note that the first border column has exactly three red
squares and the remaining 9x 10 rectangle can be partitioned
into fifteen 3 x 2 rectangles each containing exactly two red
squares. Thus we have 33 red squares in any 9 x 11 rectangle. RAMANUJAN CONTEST
SCREENING TEST - 2006
1, The number of points (x,y) where x and y are real numbers
such that, 2? + y? = 4, |z|-+|y|=1 is
(A) 0 (B)1 (C)4 (D)8
Solution: If (x,y) is a solution then (¢,—y),(—z,y) and
(—, —y) are also solutions.
Let o20,y20. Then 2+y=1,and so 2?+(1-2)?=3,
Le 22? —d24+4 = 0. This gives o = 4Y%,2-v3 ang
=1-g= —YF 4 Thus we get 2 points (x.y) with
22> 0,y 20. The total number of points is 8. The answer is
D.
Note: The locus of the second equation is the square with
vertices (1,0), (0, 1),(-1,0) and (0,—1). The circle intersects
this in 8 points,
2 Let f,g : (0,00) — (0,00) be two fimctions where f is an
increasing function and g is a decreasing function. Let h
be a fimetion such that h(x) = f(g(z)). If h(0) = 0, then
h(a) — h(1) is
(A) always 0 (B) always negative (C) always positive
(D) uone of these.
Solution: Let 0 < & <-c0. Then g(:c) € (0,00) and
F{g(2)) € (0.7). Further, 9(0) > g(x), as g is decreasing
and hence f(9(0)) > f(9(a)), as f increases. Thus, F(o(z)) $
4(9(0)) = (0) = 0 and f(9(2)) € (0,20). This implies that
F(o(2)) = 0 for 0< e <0. Hence A(z) - h(1) =0—0, The
answer is A.
3. Thice right triangles with the perpendicular sides (8em, 4em),
so Problems and Solutions 51
(4om, Sem.) and (Sem, 3cm) are welded together so that the
sides of equal length come together. How many cc of water will
this hold?
(A) 12c0 (B) 15ce (C) 10ce (D) 20ce
Solution: The resulting A
container is a tetrahedron whose
base is a right triangle with
perpendicular sides 3,4. The
height of the tetrahedron is 5. So
the volume is. 3(244) x § = 10. 4 ha
The answer is C,
4, The equation z4—(r+1)x?+r = 0 has 4 distinct real solutions
which form an Arithmetic Progression. The number of such 7
is
(yO (B)1_— (C)2_— (D) infinitely many
Solution: The given equation is (7? - F(z? — 1) = 0. The
roots are real and distinct. So, r > Or # 1, and the
roots are +/r,41. Herce, ~1,—yr, ¥7,1 are in AP; or
—v7,-1,1, fF arein A.P. Thus, 2’= 3(2Yr) or 2V7 = 3(2);
ie, -7 =} or 9, The answer is C.
5. The smallest: value that 2? — 7x +6 takes in the set
{@ € Riz? — 2-30 2 0} is
(A) 0 (8) = (C) 66 (D} none of these
Solution: Required to find the minimum value taken by
f(x) = 2?—7a-+6 as x varies in theset {x : (—-6)(+5) 2-0).
‘This is the union of the intervals (—oo,—5) and (6,00). Now,
f(z) decreases for < J and increases for z > 1, So the
minimum of f(z) in the first interval is f(~-5) = 66, and
its minimum in the second interval is f(6) = 0. Hence the
required minimum is 0. The answer is A. 52 Probleme and Solutions
6., Given that 2x? + 2y? = 16+ 12y +22, where x and y are
integers, what is the smallest possible value that 4a —2y can
take?
(A) ~2 (B) -14 (©) 24 (D) 34
Solution: The given equation can be written as
sigy?-8e-6y= jie. (x—4)?+(y—3)? = 36. Thus,
(w — 4)? and (y — 3)? are squares of integers with sum 36.
So they can be 0 and 36 only. The solutions are given by
z—-4=0,y-3 = +46, or r-4 = +6,y—-3 =0. Hence,
(x.y) = (4,9), (4,-3), (10,3) or (~2,3). The corresponding
values of 42 —2y are —2,22,34,—-14. The minimum is —14.
The answer is B,
ay
. If x,y,z are nonnegative integers so that s+y+z = 12, then
the maximum value of zyz+ zy +yz+22 is
(A)115 (BY) 112 (C) Ht (D) none of these
Solution: We have (z+ 1)(y+1)(2+ 1) = ayz+sy+
peteototyt+ e+] = ryz+oyt ye +20 +13; and
(e+1)+(y+1)+(z+1) = 15. Using AM.GM inequality we get
ayztaytyztsn+13 < (2)> = 125, syz-+aytyz+er < 112.
Equality holds if 2+1=y+l=z+ljieifs=y=2=4.
So the desired maximum is 112. The answer is B.
8. Three non-collinear points A,B and C are given in space.
The number of lines I in space such that A,B and C are
equidistant from J is
(ayo (B) 3 (o)6 (D) infinitely many
Solution: The points A,B,C determine a plane, Let
A’,BC’ be the midpoints of BC,CA,AB respectively.
Consider the plane II perpendicular to the plane ABC and
containing the line B’C’. Let ! be any line in If and parallel
to BIC’.
The points A,B and C’ are equidistant from the line B/C’. Problems and Solutions 53
Using this we can see that they are equidistant from J also.
‘There are infinitely many such lines in II. So the answer is D.
9. Ina AABC, ZA = 30°, AC = 10 units and BC = 4 units.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) 2B is acute (B) 2B is obtuse (C) 2B is 90° (D) no
such triangle exists
For Solution , see page: 246
10. The number of solutions (,y) where a and y are integers,
satisiying 22? + 3y? + 2c +3y = 10 is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (c)4 (D) none of these
For Solution , see page: 246
11. The range of the function f(r) = (7—r)P,-3, where 7 is a
non-riegative integer is
(A) (,2,3,4,5} (B) (1,2,3,4} (©) {1,2,3} (D) {4,2}
Solution: The domain of f is given by 7—r >r—3>0,
ie, 3<¢ 1 <5. So the domain is the set {3,4,5} and hence
Range= {f(3), f(4), f(5)} = {4P0,3Pi,2P2} = {1,3,2}. The
answer is C.
12, If the graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical about
the line « = 2, then
(A) f(z) = ~-f(-2) (B) fQ+2) = f(2-2) (C) f(z) = F(-2)
(D) f(z +2) = f(x ~2)
Solution: The condition of symmetry about the line 2 =2 is
hoe F (ar) = f(z2) whenever x; —- 2 = 2~22. The answer 54 Problems and Solutions
13, The position number of the permutation 443321 when
the numbers formed by the digitsl,2,3,3,44 are written in
increasing order is
(A) 720 (B) 180 (C). 120 (D) none of these
Solution: The total number of permutations of 1,2,3,3,4,4 ie
gr = 180. The greatest of the number formed is 443321; its
position is the lest,i.e; the 180th. So answer is B.
14. We consider three edges of a cube, all’pointing in different
direction, no two of them having common vertices. The plane
that contains the three mid points of those ciges intersects the
cube in:
(A) An cquilateral triangle (B) A square
(C) Two different polygons are possible (D) Regular Hexagon
Solution: Each edge of the cube is the intersection of two
faces. So the three chosen edges determine 6 faces. If w
face meets two edges, then these two edges are parallel or
intersecting in a vertex. It follows that no two of the three
chosen edges can have an common face. In other words,
tL
the 6 faces determined by the three edges are different. ‘The
plane containing the midpoints intersects each of the 6 faces of Problems and Solutions 55
the cube in a line segment. Hence we-get o hexagon in that
plane, The answer is D.
15. The function f ;N— N defined by f(n) = [¥7] where N
is the set of natural numbers and [z] is the greatest integer
Sa. Then f(1) + f(2)+--- + f(200) equals
(A) 625 (B) 615 (C) 525 (D) none of these
Solution: Clearly, f(x) = [VZ] =k for
