2.

Structure of Atom
Short Answer Type Questions
1.What type of metals are used in photoelectric cells? Give one example.
2.When is the energy of electron regarded as zero?
3. What is discharge tube?
4. Define electromagnetic radiation.
5. What was the reason behind the selection of gold foil by Rutherford in α -
particle scattering ?
6. What is the physical significance of Ψ and Ψ2 ?
7. Distinguish beteen a photon and quantum.
8. When the energy of an electron regarded as zero?
9. Why cathode rays are produced only when the pressure of the gas
inside the discharge is very low?
10. Which quantum number determines -
i) Energy of electron ii) orientation of orbitals. iii) shape of the orbital.

11. What quantum numbers n and l are assigned to a 3p-orbital?

12. Can an electron have the quantum values n = 2, l = 2 and m = +2?

13. How many sub shells are there in M-shell?

14. Write the electronic configuration of chromium (Z = 24), copper (Z= 29), Sodium ion, chloride

ion, aluminium ion.

-
15. Give the electronic configuration of O2 and Na+

ions.

16. How many electrons “s” and “p” subshell can accommodate?

17. Using s, p, d notations, describes the orbital with the following quantum

numbers

(a)n = 1, l = 0. (b)n = 4, l = 2

18. How many electrons in an atom may have the following quantum

numbers?

(a)n = 4, ms = -1/2. (b)n = 3, l = 0

19. What is a node? How many nodes are present in 2 s orbital?

20. An atomic orbital has n = 3. What are the possible values of l and ml?
21. Which of the following orbitals are not possible? 1p, 2s, 2p and 3f.
22. Write Heisenberg’s uncertainty equation.
23. What is the number of unpaired electrons in Phosphorous? ( Z = 15)
24. According to which principle an atom cannot have more than two
electrons?
25. What is the sequence of energies of 3s, 3p and 3d-orbitals for multi electron atoms?
26. Is an electron stationary in stationary energy state?
27. Why 2d orbital is not possible?
28. How many unpaired electrons are there in Nickel? (At. No of Ni is 28)
29. How many electrons can be filled in all the orbitals with n+l = 5?
30. Which d-orbital has four lobes along the axes?
31. What is the mass (m) of an electron

Short answer questions

1.What are the properties of cathode rays?
2.What are the properties of Anode rays?
3. Cathode rays originate from the cathode whereas anode
rays do not. Explain?
4. What are the major drawbacks of Rutherford’s model of atom?
5. What are the main points of Planck’ quantum theory ?
6. What is Blackbody radiation?
7. What is photoelectric effect? Does the effect support wave or particle nature of light?
8.What do you mean by atomic spectra? Briefly explain the line spectrum of
Hydrogen atom.
9.List some important postulates of Bohr’s Model of an atom.
10.How does the existence of line spectra support for Bohr’s Model of the atom?
11.Give the electronic configuration of (a) Scandium (Z = 21) (b)Chromium (Z =24)
12.Draw the shape of an orbital which has l = 0.
13.State Aufbau’s Principle. Write electronic configuration of the elements
with atomic number (a) 17 and (b) 29.
14.What is Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity? Explain by taking the

example of Nitrogen.

15.Discuss the significance of Magnetic quantum number.

16.Explain why half-filled and completely filled orbitals have extra stability?

17.Define Pauli’s Exclusion principle.

18.What are quantum numbers? What is their significance?

19.What is an orbital? How will you differentiate between orbit and orbital?

20. Why 4s-orbital is filled before 3d-orbital?

21. What is the wavelength of light emitted when the electron in a hydrogen

atom undergoes transition from an energy level with n = 4 to an energy

level with n = 2?

22. Draw the orientations of p- orbital and d- orbital and name them.

23. Define the terms- i) Wavelength ii) Frequency iii) Wave number iv) isobars

iv) isotopes. v) band spectrum

Long answer questions

1. Explain the emission spectrum of Hydrogen with aneat labelled

diagram.

2. Explain the discovery of electrons, protons with neat labelled diagram.

3. Differentiate between orbit and orbital.

4. Explain Rutherford 's alpha rays scattering experiment with neat labelled diagram.

5. Write the electronic configuration of (i) Mn4+, (ii) Fe3+ (iii) Cr2+ and Zn2+ Mention
the number of unpaired electrons in each case.

Competency based questions

Assertion and Reason Questions
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.

(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.

(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion

(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect

(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.

Q.1. Assertion : All isotopes of a given element show the same type of chemical behaviour.

Reason : The chemical properties of an atom are controlled by the number of electrons in the
atom.
Answer: (a)

Q.2. Assertion : It is impossible to determine the exact position and exact momentum of an
electron simultaneously.

Reason : The path of an electron in an atom is clearly defined.

Answer: (c)

Q.3. Assertion : The position of an electron can be determined exactly with the help of an
electron microscope.

Reason : The product of uncertainty in the measurement of its momentum and the uncertainty
in the measurement of the position cannot be less than a finite limit.

Answer: (d) The statement-1 is false but the statement-2 is true exact position and exact
momentum of an electron can never be determined according to Heisenberg’s uncertainty
principle. Even not with the help of electron microscope because when electron beam of
electron microscope strikes the target electron of atom, the impact causes the change in
velocity and position of electron .

Q.4. Assertion : Black body is an ideal body that emits and absorbs radiations of all frequencies.

Reason : The frequency of radiation emitted by a body goes from a lower frequency to higher
frequency with an increase in temperature.

Answer: (b)

Q.5. Assertion : The radius of the first orbit of hydrogen atom is 0.529Å.

Reason : Radius of each circular orbit (rn) – 0.529Å (n2/Z), where n = 1, 2, 3 and Z = atomic
number.

Answer: (a)