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Lecture 2. Review

This document defines and describes several common structural elements: - Tie rods are slender members that resist tensile forces such as bracing struts. - Beams are horizontal members that carry vertical loads and can have various cross section shapes. - Columns are generally vertical members that resist compressive loads using materials like steel, concrete or composites. - Trusses use triangular arrangements of slender members to span large distances for bridges and roofs.

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Jien Ryle Lungtad Patunob
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23 views

Lecture 2. Review

This document defines and describes several common structural elements: - Tie rods are slender members that resist tensile forces such as bracing struts. - Beams are horizontal members that carry vertical loads and can have various cross section shapes. - Columns are generally vertical members that resist compressive loads using materials like steel, concrete or composites. - Trusses use triangular arrangements of slender members to span large distances for bridges and roofs.

Uploaded by

Jien Ryle Lungtad Patunob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Tie Rods.

Structural members subjected to a


tensile force are often referred to as tie rods or
bracing struts. Due to the nature of this load,
these members are rather slender, and are often
chosen from rods, bars, angles, or channels
 Beams. Beams are usually straight horizontal
members used primarily to carry vertical loads.
Quite often they are classified according to the
way they are supported. Beam cross sections
may also be “built up” by adding plates to their
top and bottom.
 Columns. Members that are generally vertical and
resist axial compressive loads. Tubes and wide-flange
cross sections are often used for metal columns, and
circular and square cross sections with reinforcing rods
are used for those made of concrete. Occasionally,
columns are subjected to both an axial load and a
bending moment are referred to as beam columns.
 Trusses. When the span of a structure is required to be
large and its depth is not an important criterion for
design, a truss may be selected. Trusses consist of
slender elements, usually arranged in triangular
fashion. Planar trusses are composed of members that
lie in the same plane and are frequently used for
bridge and roof support, whereas space trusses have
members extending in three dimensions and are
suitable for derricks and towers.
 Cables and Arches. Two other forms of
structures used to span long distances are
the cable and the arch. Cables are usually
flexible and carry their loads in tension.
The arch achieves its strength in
compression, since it has a reverse
curvature to that of the cable.
 Frames. Frames are often used in
buildings and are composed of beams
and columns that are either pin or fixed
connected. Like trusses, frames extend in
two or three dimensions.
 Surface Structures. A surface structure is
made from a material having a very small
thickness compared to its other
dimensions. Sometimes this material is
very flexible and can take the form of a
tent or air-inflated structure. In both cases
the material acts as a membrane that is
subjected to pure tension

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