CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track is designed to develop students’ skills that is

useful for livelihood and technical projects. It provides a curriculum that is a combination

of Core Courses and specialized hands-on courses that meet the competency-based

assessment of TESDA. Continual changes in employed living have meant that academic

organizations have had to evolve current methods to assure their students' capability. In

modern academic discourse, it has been asserted that the conventional structure of formal

education in schools was not sufficient to manage with contemporary teaching

oppositions (Hakkarainen et al. 2004; Lehtinen, 2008; Tynjälä & Gijbels, 2012).

Gender is one of such factors also mentioned in literature to have considerable effects

on students’ academic performances especially in science subjects. . The importance of

examining performance in relation to gender is based primarily on the sociocultural

differences between girls and boys.

According to Inquirer, “there were 1,207,276 female graduates and 1,044,932 male

graduates of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) program in

2018. In school year 2017-2018 there was a total of 1,025,907 students who took up TVL

track in 11,087 senior high schools in the country (PIDS, 2019). That means there are

more females than males who are taking up tech-voc training. Not to mention, the

TESDA Women Center (TWC) aims to empower women in industrial trades dominated

by men and helps Filipino break gender stereotypes in the process. The additional two
years in the Basic Education is the Senior High Curriculum. The students opt to choose

what strand is best suited for his skills to prepare them for the three exits in Senior High

namely: entrepreneurship, college education and employment. Each student in the Senior

High School can choose among these tracks: Academic, Technical - Vocational and

Livelihood and Sports and Arts. In the Philippines, before the K+12 was implemented,

more students go to tertiary level to pursue academic strands of their choice having the

dream of becoming professionals rather than choosing Technical-Vocational &

Livelihood strands. This is not new to other countries like the number of students in the

United States of America going to tech - voc schools is also declining (Pannoni, 2014).

Mostly, American students pursue academic courses.

The students who undergo training in Electrical Installation understanding in diverse

skills in the trades as expected to posses’ skills for design, development, production,

excellence in installation of electrical management and utilization of trending machines

and equipment, maintain nerve electrical/electronic devices and circuits.

Each secondary school made its accordance with relative work in the emplacement

(Ministry of Knowledge, 2006). The variety of agreements relates to the number of

learners attending the work in the same time, also the extent of time (Sandaletal 2014) To

be aligned with international quality, the Philippine Basic Education Curriculum requires

to affix two years of senior high school to the contemporary four-year secondary

education, and another year for kindergarten.

Electrical installation maintenance (EIM) strands aims to prepare students with skill and

abilities when it comes to electrical industry this strand consists of laboratory activities to
show the effectiveness of electrical skill,some example of technical skill required for

electrician include: installing and maintaining ,hand and power tools , such as screw

driver pliers and drills,repairing and wiring system , electrical conduits then bending. To

put it simply, electrical installation and maintenance is the process of installing and

maintaining electrical systems and equipment. It may include tasks such as installing

wiring, repairing or replacing damaged equipment, and inspecting electrical systems for

safety.

With installation, correctly installing electrical systems is vital to ensure the safety of

those working with or near the equipment and to prevent any damaging electrical

fires .Maintenance is equally important, as it helps to keep equipment running safely and

efficiently. By inspecting electrical systems regularly and making any necessary repairs,

potential electrical hazards can be addressed before they become more serious.

The specialist will have much less competition for positions, while the generalist will

have less of opportunities,especially if the" are restricted the geographical area the" are

willing to or in .The misapplication of bonding and grounding connections, poor wiring

practices a true lack of understanding of the theory behind grounding ma" (e the

(i&&estpro(lems that the electrical students will encounter an students in electrical have a

difficult time mastering the electrical installation

The researches wanted to identify if they are gender correlates in Bulan national high

schools. the researches sought to know if the gender correlate which can be used in
students daily skills performances because of this the researcher sought to study gender

correlates of grade 12 EIM students to the skills performance specialized subject.

Statement of the Problem

This investigation aims to identify the gender correlates of Grade 12 EIM Students to

the Skills performance specialized subject at Bulan National High School for School year

2023-2024.

Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions :

1. What are the activities being performed by EIM students both female and male ?

2. What are the level of skill performance of EIM students of male compared to female ?

3. Is there a significant relationships between the gender and skills performance of EIM

students?

4. What are recommendations can be made to address the challenge identified in the

study?

Scope, and Delimitation

This study highlights the gender correlates of Grade 12 Students to the skill

Performance of Grade 12 EIM students of BNHS for the school year 2023 -2024. Further,

the researchers delimited the domains of EIM strand (mention the domains ). It will not

include other strands since the skills to be assessed are specialized in Electrical

Installation and Maintenance. Only three (3) sections of EIM 12 students will be
included in the study. The study will be based only on the responses of the respondents,

Thus, their honesty in answering will directly affect the result.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to provide valuable information and will identify gender correlate in skill

performance specialized subject. The findings of this study will be highly beneficial to

the following :

Students. Identifying gender correlate helps them to developed social interaction. It

could be an aid in making more creative developed their communicating and

collaborative skills.

Teachers. The result of the study may encourage them to interact other gender students

as an approach in teaching.

School Administrator. This will aid the school administrator to be aware of gender

correlates to the skill performance, with enough information about gender

correlates.school administrator can help in solving problems of the students regarding this

topic and give advice that are appropriate the situation.

Future Researchers. The result of this research may be a basis further studies can be

used as related literature.

Definition Of terms
This following of terms used in this study are conceptually and operationally defined:

Gender

This refers to subclass within a grammatical class (such as noun, pronoun, adjective, or

verb) of a language that is partly arbitrary but also partly based on distinguishable

characteristics (such as shape, social rank, manner of existence, or sex) and that

determines agreement with and selection of other words or grammatical forms

Skill Performance .The ability to use one's knowledge effectively and readily in

execution or performance dexterity or coordination especially in the execution of learned

physical tasks. A learned power of doing something competently a developed aptitude or

ability.

Specialized Subject. school or university subject that concentrates on a particular field

of knowledge.