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*PG272* PG – 272

II Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June/July 2014

(NS) (2006 Scheme)
MATHEMATICS
M - 204 : Partial Differential Equations

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80

Instructions : 1) Answer any five questions choosing at least two from

each Part.
2) All questions carry equal marks.

PART – A

1. a) Define linear, semilinear, quasilinear and nonlinear equations of first order

partial differential equation with an example each. Explain the method of
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characteristics for solving quasilinear partial differential equation.
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a (x, y, u) ux + b (x, y, u) uy = c (x, y, u) 6

b) Solve the following by the method of characteristics

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i) ux+ uy + u =1 with u = sinx on y = x + x2

ii) u .ux + uy = 1 with u = 0 on y2 = 2x. 10

2. a) Solve the Cauchy problem yux + xuy = u

With the Cauchy data

u (x, 0) = x3, u (0, y) = y3 5

b) Solve the initial value problem

u + u.u = 0, x ∈ R, t > 0
t x

⎧⎪a 2 − x 2, x ≤ a 6
u( x,0) = ⎨
⎪⎩0 , x ≥a

c) Solve the problem

p2x + qy – u = 0 with u = – x on y = 1 5

P.T.O.
PG – 272 -2- *PG272*

3. a) Solve :

∂ 3z ∂ 3z ∂ 3z ∂ 3z
i) 3
− 2 2
− 2
+ 2 3
= ex+ y
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂ x∂ y ∂y
2 3
ii) (D 3 + D 2D′ − D D′ − D′ )z = e x cos 2 y 6

b) Classify the equation :

∂ 2z 2 ∂ 2z
+x =0
∂x 2 ∂y 2

and reduce it to its canonical form. 5

c) Solve by Monges method

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rq2 – 2pqs + tp2 = pt – qs 5
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4. a) Explain the method of solving the equation

Rr + Ss + Tt + U(rt – s2) = V
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Where R, S, T, U, V are functions of x, y, z, p and q. 6

b) Write down the necessary condition for the extremization of the functional

b d
I [u (x, y)] = ∫ ∫ f(x, y, u, ux, uy ) dx dy.
x =a y =c

∂2u ∂2u
Using this result make a weak formulation of + = 0. 5
∂x 2 ∂y 2

c) Verify whether
x3uxx+ (y2 + yz) uyy + (x+y)2 uzz + 3x2ux + (2y + z) uy = 0 is self adjoint
or not. 5
*PG272* -3- PG – 272

PART – B

5. a) Solve the Neumann problem for a circle. 8

b) Show that a separable solution of the Laplace’s equation in cylindrical polar

coordinates yields a Bessel differential equation. 8

6. a) Using an appropriate Fourier transform obtain the D′ Alembert solution of the

Cauchy problem involving a one dimensional wave equation
∂2u 2 ∂ 2u
=c , − ∞ < x, t < ∞ 8
∂t 2 ∂x 2

u (x,0 ) = f (x ) ⎫
Subject to ∂u ⎪
⎬ − ∞< x <∞
( x,0 ) = g(x )⎪
∂t ⎭
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∂ 2u ∂ 2u
b) Solve 2
= 2
= x 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, t ∈ R
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∂t ∂x

u (x,0) = x ⎫
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⎪
Subject to ∂ u ⎬, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
(x,0) = 0⎪
∂t ⎭

u (0, t ) = 1⎫
⎬, t ∈ R 8
u (1, t ) = 0 ⎭

7. a) Using Duhamel’s principle obtain the solution of the IBVP. 8

∂u ∂2u
= , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, t ≥ 0
∂t ∂x 2

u (x, 0) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
u (0, t) = 1⎫
⎬, t ≥ 0
u (1, t) = 0⎭

b) Illustrate Green’s function approach for a simple parabolic partial differential

equation. 8
PG – 272 -4- *PG272*

8. a) Using a suitable partial differential equation with two independent variables

explain the concept of a similarity transformation and hence obtain the
resulting ordinary differential equation. 8
b) Obtain a series solution in x and y of the
BVP : xux + uy = 3u2 ;
u(x, 0) = x2, u(0, y) = 0. 8

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*PG715* PG – 715

II Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June 2016

(R.N.S.) (2011 – 12 and Onwards)
MATHEMATICS
M – 204 : Partial Differential Equations
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80

Instructions : 1) Answer any five questions choosing atleast two from each Part.
2) All questions carry equal marks.

PART – A

1. a) Define linear, semi-linear, quasi linear and non-linear partial differential equation
of first order. Explain the method of characteristics for semi-linear equation
a(x, y) ux + b(x, y) uy = c(x, y, u). 6
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b) Solve the following by the method of characteristics :
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i) x ux + (x + y) uy = u + 1 with u = x 2 on y = 0
ii) y ux + x uy = u with the data u(x, 0) = x3, u(0, y) = y 3. 6
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c) Solve the Cauchy problem (u2 − y 2 ) ux + x ⋅ y uy + xu = 0 with u = y = x, x > 0. 4

⎧ 1 for x<0
2. a) Solve the IVP ut + ux u = 0 with initial data u (x, 0) = ⎨ . 5
⎩ 1 − x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
b) Solve the non-linear Cauchy problem ut + u ux = au, x ∈ R , t > 0; u(x, 0) = bx
is u = ab x e–at. 6
c) Solve the non-linear Cauchy problem pq = u with u = 1 on y = –x. 5

3. a) Classify and reduce the following equation into its canonical form given that
x 2 u xx − 2 xy u xy + y 2 uyy = sin x . 6

b) Classify the equation into hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic equations

u xx + x u yy = 0 for x ≠ 0 . Reduce it to canonical form when x > 0. 5
c) Obtain the general solution of uxx = uyy. 5
P.T.O.
PG – 715 -2- *PG715*

4. a) Solve the linear equations :

⎛ ∂ ∂ ⎞
i) (D − D′ − 1) (D − D′ − 2) z = e 2 x + y ⎜ D ≡ , D′ ≡ ⎟,
⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠
∂ 2z ∂ 2z ∂z
ii) 2
− + = x2 + y2 . 8
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y
b) Solve the following equations by Monge’s method
i) 2x2 r – 5xy s + 2y2 t + 2 (px + qy) = 0,
ii) (x – y) (xr – (x + y) s + yt) = (x + y) (p – q). 8

PART – B

5. a) Using an integral transform find the solution of the following :

∂ 2u 2 ∂ 2u
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=c ; 0 < x < ∞ , t > 0,
∂t 2 ∂x 2
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u (0, t ) = f (t ) ⎫
⎪
∂u
(∞, t ) = 0 ⎬ , t > 0,
∂x ⎪⎭
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u(x, 0) = 0⎫
⎪
∂u ⎬
(x, 0) = 0 ⎪ , 0 < x < ∞ . 8
∂t ⎭
b) Show that separation of variables method when used in the case of three-
dimensional wave equation in cylindrical polar co-ordinates leads to the
classical Bessel equation. 8

6. a) State the Dirichlet problem, involving a Laplace equation for a circle, and
solve the same. 8

∂ 2u ∂ 2u
b) Solve by the method of separation of variables the BVP + = 0 , 0 < x < a,
∂x 2 ∂y 2
0<y<b
u (x, 0) = x ⎫
⎬ , 0 < x < a,
u ( x, b ) = 0 ⎭
u (0, y ) = 0 ⎫
⎬ , 0 < y < b. 8
u (a, y ) = 0 ⎭
*PG715* -3- PG – 715

∂u ∂ 2u
7. a) Obtain the solution of the Cauchy problem = ; − ∞ < x < ∞ , t > 0,
∂t ∂x 2
u (x, 0) = f ( x) , − ∞ < x < ∞ by using infinite Fourier transform. 8
b) Illustrate Green’s function method of solving a certain class of PDEs. Use a
suitable example from hyperbolic or elliptic or parabolic equations. 8

8. a) Using any successive approximation method find a two-term solution of the

following : x ux + uy = u2 ; u (x, 0) = x 2 , u (0, y) = 0 . 8

∂ 2u ∂ 2u
b) Make a weak formulation of the BVP 2
+ 2
= − u2 − 1, 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b,
∂x ∂y

u (0, y ) = 0 ⎫
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⎬ , 0 < y < b,
u (a, y ) = 0 ⎭
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u (x, 0 ) = 0 ⎫
⎬, 0 < x < a
u (x, a ) = 0 ⎭
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Outline the procedure of solving the weak formulation. 8

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