*PG253* PG – 253

II Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June/July 2014

(RNS)
(2011-12 & Onwards)
MATHEMATICS
M-202 : Complex Analysis

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80

Instructions : i) Answer any five full question choosing atleast two from
each Part.
ii) All questions carry equal marks.

PART – A

ez
1. a) Define Harmonic function and evaluate ∫ dz where c : | z | = 2. 3
W
c
z(z − 1)(z − 2 )
SC

b) Define conformal mapping and show that let z1, z2, z3, z4 be distinct points in
". Then (z1, z 2, z3, z4) is real if and only if all four points lie on a circle. 7
BM

c) State and prove Cauchy’s integral formula and use it to evaluate

sinπz 2 + cos πz 2
∫ (z − 1)2 (z − 2 )
dz. 6
| z| = 3

2. a) State and prove Cauchy’s theorem for a triangle. 6

b) Let f (z) be analytic in a region G with zeros a1, a2, ..., am repeated according
to multiplicity. If r is a simple closed curve in G which does not pass through
m
1 f ′(z )
any ak, then, prove that 2 πi ∫ f ( z) dz = ∑ n (r : ak ) 7
r k =1

c) Evaluate ∫ f (z )dz if f(z) = Re(z) and r is the polygonal arc connecting 0 to 1

r
and 1 to 1 + i. 3

P.T.O.
PG – 253 -2- *PG253*

3. a) Find the radius of convergence of

∞
(−1)n
i) ∑ n
(z − 2i)n
n=0

a. b a (a + 1) b (b + 1) 2
ii) Prove that 1 + z+ z + ... has unit radius of
1. c 1 .2 . c (c + 1)
convergence. 6

∞
b) Define radius of convergence of power series. Let f(z ) = ∑ an(z − a )n in
n=0

{ | z − a | < R} where R is radius of convergence of the power series. Then

prove that the Taylor’s expansion of f(z) in the neighbourhood of a point ‘a’ is
exactly the given power series. 6
W
SC

∞ 2π
1 c( z − 1 ) 1
c) Show that e 2 z = ∑ anz where a n =
n
∫ cos (n θ − c sin θ) d θ . 4
n = −∞ 2π 0
BM

4. a) State and prove Laurent’s theorem. 6

b) Let f(z) be analytic function having an isolated singularity at z = a. If | f(z) | is

bounded in a neighbourhood {0 < z − a < r} then prove that f(z) has a
removable singularity at z = a. 6

c) Define the terms :

i) Pole

ii) Removable singularity

iii) Essential singularity

iv) Isolated singularity and give one example each. 4

*PG253* -3- PG – 253

PART – B

5. Evaluate the following :

2π
dθ
a) ∫ a + b sin θ
0

∞
x2 − x + 2
b) ∫ x 4 + 10 x 2 + 9
dx
−∞

∞
cos( ax )
c) ∫ ( x 2 + b 2 )2
dx, a > 0
−∞
W
∞ 2
SC

d) ∫ e −x cos(2mx ) dx, m > 0 (4+4+4+4=16)

−∞
BM

6. a) State and prove the argument principle theorem. 8

b) Show that p(z) = ez – 4z2 – 1 has exactly two roots in | z | < 1. 8

7. a) State and prove the Schwartz Lemma. 8

b) State and prove the Hadmard’s three circle theorem. 8

8. a) State and prove Riemann mapping theorem. 8

b) State and prove Poisson’s integral theorem. 8

———————
*PG363* PG – 363

II Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June 2015

(CBCS)
MATHEMATICS
M 202 T : Complex Analysis
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

Instructions : Answer any five full questions.

1. a) Define analytic function and evaluate where C : |z| = 2.

e

d z

( z
1 )

b) Define Mobius transformation. Prove that every Mobius transformation maps

circles and straight lines in the z-plane into circles or lines. W
c) If f(z) is continuous in an open set G in the complex plane and

f ( z ) d z
0

for
?

every simple closed curve in G, then prove that, the function f(z) is analytic
SC

2 z

on G. Also evaluate , where C is the boundary of a square whose sides

e
BM

d z

( z 
i )

lie along the lines x =
4, y =
4 described in the positive direction. (3+4+7)

2. a) State and prove Cauchy’s theorem for a rectangle.

b) State and prove Liouville’s theorem. Deduce the fundamental theorem of
algebra. (6+8)

3. a) Find the radius of convergence of

i) ii) .

n n

n 2
i

( l o g n ) z

n  0

1
2 i n

n  1

b) Prove that the power series and its derivative have the same radius of
convergence.
c) Find the Laurent’s series expansion of f(z) = in
1

z
z
i 

i) 0 < |z| < 1

ii) 0 < |z – i| < 1
iii) |z – i| > 1. (4+6+4)
P.T.O.
PG – 363 *PG363*

4. a) State and prove Taylor’s theorem.

b) Define the terms :
i) Pole
ii) Removable singularity
iii) Essential singularity.
iv) Isolated singularity and give example for each.
c) Prove that an analytic function comes arbitrarily close to any complex number
in the neighbourhood of an essential singularity. (5+4+5)

5. a) If n is a positive integer then show that and

2

c o s 

c o s ( n   s i n  ) e d  

n !

. 4
c o s 

e s i n ( n   s i n  ) d 
0

b) Solve any two of the integrals :

W

i)
x s i n  x

d x

x
2 x
5



SC

= N

ii)
e

d x , 0  a 

= N
BM

1  e



iii) . (5+5)
@ N

 N  ! N
  N
 



6. a) Outline the argument principle, and explain why it is called by that name.
b) State and prove open mapping theorem.
c) State and prove Schwartz’s Lemma. (4+5+5)

7. a) State and prove Hadamard three circle theorem.

b) State and prove Phragmen-Lidelöf theorem. (7+7)

8. a) Let f(z) be analytic in the region |z| <

, and let z = H A
E

be any point of this

E 

region. Then prove that f( )= .

1 ( R  r ) f ( R e ) d 

E

H A

2 

R  2 R r c o s ( 
 )
r

b) Derive the Jensen’s formula with standard notations. (8+6)

________________
*PG217* PG – 217

II Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June 2016

(CBCS)
Mathematics
M 202T : COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

Instruction : Answer any five full questions.

1. a) Let f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) be an analytic function. Then show that real and

imaginary parts of an analytic functions are Harmonic. Also evaluate

ez
∫ z(z − 1) (z − 2) dz where c : z = 2 .
c

b) Define conformal mapping. Discuss the transformation w = ez.

W
c) State and prove the generalization of Cauchy’s integral formula and use it to
SC

dz
evaluate ∫ z4 − 1 , c : z = 2 . (4+4+6)
c
BM

2. a) State and prove Cauchy’s theorem for a disk.

b) If f(z) is analytic in a region C of complex plane, then prove that the following
statements are equivalent :
i) fn(a) = 0, ∀ n = 0, 1, 2, ..... at a point ‘a’ in C.
ii) f(z) = 0 in a neighbourhood K of a point ‘a’ in C.
iii) f(z) = 0 in C. (6+8)
∞
3. a) Define radius of convergence. Let f (z) = ∑ a n (z − a )n in { z − a < R }where R
n= 0
is radius of convergence of the power series. Then prove that the Taylor’s
expansion of f(z) in the neighbourhood of a point ‘a’ is exactly the given
power series.
b) Find the radius of convergence of
∞ (2n)n 1 1 .3 2 1 . 3 . 5 3
i) ∑ z+
ii) z + z + ...
n =0 n! 2 2 .5 2 . 5 .8
z +1
f( z ) = 2
c) Find the power series expansion of z (z − 4 z + 3 ) , in the regions.
i) 0 < z < 1 ii) 1 < z < 3 . (6+4+4)

P.T.O.
PG – 217 *PG217*

4. a) State and prove Laurent’s theorem.

b) Let f(z) be analytic function having an isolated singularity at z = a. If f (z ) is

bounded in a neighbourhood { 0 < z − a < r } then prove that f(z) has a
removable singularity at z = a.
c) State and prove open mapping theorem. (6+4+4)

5. a) State and prove Cauchy’s residue theorem.

b) Evaluate any two of the following :

2π ∞ ∞
dθ sin x dx dx
i) ∫ 1 − 2p cos θ + p 2 ii) ∫ 2
x ( x − 2 x + 2)
iii) ∫ ( x 2 + 1)2
0 −∞ 0
(4+10)

6. a) Let f(z) analytic inside a simple closed contour γ and let f(z) be continuous
W
on γ . If f(z) has no zeros on γ then prove that f(z) has only a finite number of
zeros in the interior of γ .
SC

b) Prove that all the roots of z7 – 5z3 + 12 = 0 lie between the circles z = 1and
z =2.
BM

c) Let f(z) be an analytic in the disc { z < R}, R > 0, then show that M(r) is a
monotonically increasing function of R in [0, R] unless f(z) is not
constant. (5+4+5)

7. a) State and prove Hadamard’s three circle theorem and prove that log M(r) is
a convex function of log r.
b) State and prove Weierstrass factorization theorem. (7+7)

8. a) Define Harmonic function. State and prove the mean value property for
harmonic functions.
b) Derive the Poisson’s integral formula with standard notation. (7+7)
———————
*PG205* PG – 205
II Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, July 2017
(CBCS)
MATHEMATICS
M202T : Complex Analysis
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70
Instructions : 1) Answer any five questions.
2) All questions carry equal marks.
z−3
1. a) Define harmonic functions and evaluate ∫ z2 + 2z + 5 dz where C : |z + 1 – i| = 2.

b) Define Bilinear transformation. Find the bilinear transformation which maps

the points z = 1, i, –1, into w = i, 0, – i.
c) State and prove Morera’s theorem. Also evaluate
e2z
∫c z3 − 1 dz C : |z| = 3. (3+4+7)
W
2. a) State and prove Cauchy’s theorem for a rectangle.
SC

b) Let f(z) be analytic in a region G with zeros a1, a2, ...., am repeated according
to multiplicity. If γ is a simple closed curve in G which does not pass
BM

1 f′(z) m
through any ak, then, prove that
2πi ∫γ f(z)
dz = ∑
k =1
n(r : ak ) .

c) State and prove Liouville’s theorem. (6+5+3)

3. a) Find the radius of convergence of :

∞
n! n ∞
zn
i) ∑
n=1 nn
z ii) ∑
n=0 n!
.

b) Define radius of convergence of a power series. If R is the radius of

convergence of ∑ a nz n , then prove the following :
i) The power series converges for |z| < R and diverges for |z| ≥ R.
ii) When R = 0, the power series diverges for all z ≠ 0 ∈ C| and when R = ∞ ,
it converges for all z ∈ C| .
1
c) Find the Laurent’s series expansion of f(z) = 2 in
z (z − i)
i) 0 < | z | < 1 ii) 0 < | z – i | < 1 iii) | z – i | > 1. (4+6+4)
P.T.O.
PG – 205 *PG205*

4. a) State and prove Taylor’s theorem.

b) Let z = a be an isolated essential singularity of an analytic function f(z) and
k = { | z – a | < r} be a neighbourhood of ‘a’. For a given ε > 0 and any
complex number ξ , prove that there exists a point z with 0 < | z – a | < r such
that |f(z) – ξ | < ε .
c) Prove that an analytic function comes arbitrarily close to any complex
number in the neighbourhood of an essential singularity. (5+6+3)

5. a) Define residue. If f(z) has a pole of order m then prove that

1 dm−1
Res f(a) = lim m−1 {(z − a)m f(z)}
(m − 1)! z→a dz
b) Evaluate the following :
∞ ∞
x2 sin x
i) ∫ 4 dx ii) ∫ dx . (4+5+5)
W
−∞ x + 1
2
−∞ (x − 1) (x + 1)
SC

6. a) Outline the argument principle, and explain why it is called by that name.
b) Suppose f(z) and g(z) are analytic inside and on a closed curve V and
BM

| f(z) | > g(z) | ∀z, then show that number of zeros of f(z) + g(z) equals zeros
of f(z).
c) Show that all roots of p(z) = z8 + 4z3 + 10 lie between 1 ≤ | z | ≤ 2 . (4+5+5)

7. a) State and prove Phragmen Lindel of theorem.

b) State and prove Riemann mapping theorem.
c) Using the result of the Weier-Strass factorization theorem, construct an
entire function having zero’s at 1, 2, 3. (6+5+3)

8. a) Let f(z) be analytic in the region | z | < ρ and let z = reiθ be any point of this
region. Then prove that
2π
iθ 1 (R2 − r 2 ) f(Reiθ )dφ
2π ∫0 R2 − 2Rr cos(θ + φ) + r 2
f(re ) = .

b) Derive the Jensen’s formula with standard notations. (8+6)

________________